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Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated sequences (1905 nucleotides) of three genes from 52 specimens, with members of the family Physaraceae as outgroup. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs) and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (BS) are shown above and below the branches, respectively (if PP ≥ 0.90 and BS ≥ 50%). Filled circles denote branches with PP = 1 and BS = 100%. Species names are followed by voucher number. The clade corresponding to the genus Diachea is highlighted by a darkcolored rectangle, and the new species, D. mitchellii, is in bold. The bar represents the number of substitutions per site. An interrupted branch (//) indicates its length has been reduced for representation purposes.
Source publication
A new species of the genus Diachea (order Physarales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) is described from Peru. Relevant details on spore germination, as well as morphological and phylogenetic data, are provided. At first glance, the new species shares some morphological similarities with both D. leucopodia, type of the genus, and D. koazei, but it strikingl...
Contexts in source publication
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... et al. 2011). Some species, such as the type Diachea leucopodia (Bull.) Rostaf., have a worldwide distribution, with most occurrences being reported from Europe. Still, this species and other species of the genus, e.g., Diachea bulbillosa (Berk. & Broome) Lister and Diachea subsessilis Peck, have been found in several southern countries (SUPPLEMENTARY FIG. 1). Specifically, D. leucopodia has been reported from Peru by several authors, whereas congeneric species have been collected in surrounding countries ( Lado et al. 2017;Lado and Wrigley de Basanta 2008). As occurs with other genera of the order Physarales (Lado and Wrigley de Basanta 2008), the genus Diachea is well represented in the ...
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... the multigene phylogeny (FIG. 1), all 28 specimens representing the genus Diachea clustered together forming a moderately supported group (PP = 1, BS = 57%). Diagnosis: Gregarious habit; hypothallus dark, not calcareous; stalk short, dark, noncalcareous; columella whitish, reticulate, packed with lime granules; spores in clusters, easily dissociating, blackish in ...
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... is especially true for Peru, where records of the genus Diachea are merely anecdotal. Here, we describe a new Diachea species, D. mitchellii, morphologically and ecologically distinct from other in its genus (SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 1, 4). Diachea mitchellii was found abundantly and almost exclusively on the dead bark, branches, and litter of Polylepis spp. ...
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... such as Farr (1979), Neubert et al. (2000), andYamamoto (2021), describe and illustrate the columella of P. cylindrica as whitish and partially calcareous, as in the collections from Australia and Japan examined here. We consider P. cylindrica to be better placed in the genus Diachea, as it was originally described and as our analyses indicate (FIG. 1; SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 2-4). In any event, in both species currently adscribed to Paradiachea, the spores are free and their ornamentation is different, subreticulated or incompletely verrucose-reticulate in P. cylindrica, irregularly spiny in P. caespitosa (Martin and Alexopoulos 1969;Neubert et al. 2000), in clusters of (3-)5-10(-12) ...
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... our molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed support for the monophyly of the genus, and a close relationship between D. mitchellii, D. bulbillosa, and D. leucopodia (FIG. 1). It is noteworthy that all specimens of D. mitchellii molecularly characterized constitute a strongly supported monophyletic group, regardless of the gene analyzed (SUPPLEMENTARY FIGS. 2-4), nested within the clade C, which is also highly supported and comprises all accessions of D. leucopodia analyzed and two isolates of D. bulbillosa ...
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... (FIG. 1). It is noteworthy that all specimens of D. mitchellii molecularly characterized constitute a strongly supported monophyletic group, regardless of the gene analyzed (SUPPLEMENTARY FIGS. 2-4), nested within the clade C, which is also highly supported and comprises all accessions of D. leucopodia analyzed and two isolates of D. bulbillosa (FIG. 1). These two specimens of D. bulbillosa (MM32108, whose identity could be verified, and HMJAU10648, which could not be studied) did not cluster together in our three-gene phylogeny (FIG. 1), and their positions remain uncertain. If it was confirmed that they are not phylogenetically related, it could be assumed that HMJAU10648 most ...
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... FIGS. 2-4), nested within the clade C, which is also highly supported and comprises all accessions of D. leucopodia analyzed and two isolates of D. bulbillosa (FIG. 1). These two specimens of D. bulbillosa (MM32108, whose identity could be verified, and HMJAU10648, which could not be studied) did not cluster together in our three-gene phylogeny (FIG. 1), and their positions remain uncertain. If it was confirmed that they are not phylogenetically related, it could be assumed that HMJAU10648 most probably corresponds to D. leucopodia, instead of D. bulbillosa. Because the life cycle was not completed under controlled laboratory conditions, we could not determine whether the ...
Citations
... The reconstruction of the four-gene phylogeny of Physarales showed that this taxon occupied position within the clade Diachea sensu lato in the phylogenetic tree (García-Martín et al., 2023), which also included Diachea cylindrica Bilgram (= Paradiachea cylindrica (Bilgram) Hertel ex H. Neubert, Nowotny and K. Baumann) sensu Lado et al. (2022) and García-Martín et al. (2023). Unfortunately, a confusion was introduced by publication of nrSSU and EF1α sequences of one of the two specimens of Badhamia sp. from Vietnam (LE 317581) under a wrong name Badhamia lilacina (Fr.) ...
... Fragments of the proteincoding gene for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) were obtained using the PB1F/ PB1R primer pair (Novozhilov et al., 2013) and, in some cases, expanded with fragments obtained using a set of primers for a semi-nested PCR EF03(EF04)/ KEF_R3 (Wrigley de Basanta et al., 2017;Ronikier et al., 2020). Fragments of mitochondrial 16S rDNA (mtSSU) were obtained using the Kmit_F/Kmit_R primer pair (Lado et al., 2022). Additionally, a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) was obtained for the holotype of the new species using primers COIF1/COIR1 (Feng and Schnittler, 2015). ...
... Two specimens from Vietnam, originally identified as Badhamia sp. (Novozhilov et al., 2020) and later erroneously labelled as B. lilacina (Shchepin et al., 2021;García-Martín et al., 2023), form a monophyletic clade with Diachea cylindrica sensu Lado et al. (2022). However, the specimen determined by us as Paradiachea cylindrica (≡ D. cylindrica) sensu stricto, for which both Sanger sequences and genomic data were obtained, occupies a basal position in Didymiaceae sensu lato (UBS/ PP = 94/0.7). ...
A new species of dark-spored myxomycetes is described from specimens collected in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (Dalat Plateau, southern Vietnam) on cushions of mosses covering coarse wood debris of Quercus sp. and a log of an indeterminate deciduous tree. Relevant details of morphological characters of the new taxon are provided: shortly ovoid or cylindrical sporocarps assembled in clusters of 0.3-1 cm in diameter and hanging on white or light cream-rose membranous strands of hypothallus; columella membranous and flexuous, pale at the base and dark in the upper part; limeless brown threads of capillitium, spreading from all parts of the columella, slender at the tips; thin membranous silver-metallic iridescent peridium without visible inclusions of lime; free ellipsoid or slightly polygonal large spores covered with rough warts merging into short crests and clusters. Phylogeny reconstruction based on partial sequences of three unlinked genes shows that a new species forms a monophyletic clade with Diachea cylindrica (sensu Lado et al., 2022) and occupies position within the clade Diachea sensu lato. The genus-level taxonomical classification of some members of this clade is currently uncertain. In this context, the morphology and phylogenetic position of Paradiachea cylindrica and Badhamia lilacina based on specimens collected in the Russian Far East and the European part of Russia correspondingly are discussed. Decisions that can be made for the taxonomic revision of the genera Diachea, Paradiachea and Scyphium are summarized.
... In addition, partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (mtSSU) were obtained from two samples of Diderma auranticaum. COI was amplified and sequenced with a COMF/COMRs primer pair (Liu et al., 2015;Novozhilov et al., 2019) and mtSSU with a Kmit_F/Kmit_R primer pair (Lado et al., 2022). ...
Two specimens of a rare species Diderma aurantiacum collected in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve and the territory of the Leopard National Park (Primorye Territory, Russian Federation) were found during revision of the myxomycete collection of the Mycological herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). These specimens are the first records of this species outside the Japanese islands. Diderma aurantiacum is characterized by a thick cartilaginous peridium of dull orange color, that breaks into petal-like fragments during dehiscence, a small hemispherical columella, weakly branched dark capillitial threads with pale tips, and warted spores with darker warts arranged in small groups. The morphological features are illustrated with color photographs of sporocarp structures and SEM images of spores and capillitium for the first time. The partial nucleotide sequences of nrSSU (18S rDNA) and EF1α genes of specimens from Russian Far East differed clearly from these of other Diderma species.
... All other genera of the family are less diverse. Lepidoderma de Bary ex Rostaf (1873) includes 15 valid species with a one-or two-layered peridium abundantly covered with crystalline scales, Diachea Fr. includes 13 species (Fries 1825;Lado 2005Lado -2022Lado et al. 2022) with a stalk and columella filled with lime granules, and Mucilago P. Micheli ex Adans. is a monotypic genus with aethalia covered with crystalline lime (Adanson 1763) as is the case in Didymium. ...
... In the phylogenies of Fiore-Donno et al. (2012) and Cainelli et al. (2020), this sequence formed a weakly supported sister branch to the species of Didymium. In the most relevant molecular phylogenetic work on the genus Diachea, Lado et al. (2022) used a different set of genes, but their data set is fragmentary and at least six species of Diachea (including the newly described D. mitchellii Lado & Treviño) do not form a reliably supported clade in the ML analysis. In our analysis, the five studied species form a monophyletic clade, but the position of this clade still remains unresolved. ...
Myxomycetes, or plasmodial slime molds, are a monophyletic group ofamoeboid protists whose classification is based mainly on morphological features of fruiting bodies. Although published phylogenies based on one or two genetic markers have clarified the boundaries of the main order-level systematic groups, the position and composition of some families and genera of myxomycetes are still a topic for discussion. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family Didymiaceae based on three independent genetic markers: the 18S rDNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses produced congruent topologies and showed that of the five major genera of the family, only species of the genus Diachea form a monophyletic clade, while the other four genera are clearly para- or polyphyletic. Species of the genus Didymium form a monophyletic clade with the only species of the genus Mucilago.The polymorphic species Lepidoderma tigrinum is clearly placed among 13 species of Diderma, including the type species of the genus. All other studied species of Lepidoderma form a separate clade together with Diderma fallax. We thus extend the latest nomenclatural revisions by disbanding the genera Mucilago and Lepidoderma, whereby the single species of Mucilago is transferred to the genus Didymium and L. tigrinum to Diderma. Extended taxon sampling allows the transfer of more nivicolous species of the former genus Lepidoderma to Polyschismium.
China has a huge area of diverse landscapes and is believed to conceive incredibly high fungal diversity. To systematically and promptly report Chinese fungal species, we initiate the series of Catalogue of fungi in China here. In the first paper of this series, we focus on plant-inhabiting fungi. A total of 33 new taxa are described all over China. These taxa include two new genera, viz., and N. yoshinagae. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence are used to support the establishment of these new taxa and the accuracy of their taxonomic placements. We hope that the series of Catalogue of fungi in China will contribute to Chinese fungal diversity and promote the significance of recording new fungal taxa from China. ARTICLE HISTORY
The nivicolous species of the genus Diderma are challenging to identify, and there are several competing views on their delimitation. We analyzed 102 accessions of nivicolous Diderma spp. that were sequenced for two or three unlinked genes to determine which of the current taxonomic treatments is better supported by molecular species delimitation methods. The results of a haplotype web analysis, Bayesian species delimitation under a multispecies coalescent model, and phylogenetic analyses on concatenated alignments support a splitting approach that distinguishes six taxa: Diderma alpinum, D. europaeum, D. kamchaticum, D. meyerae, D. microcarpum and D. niveum. The first two approaches also support the separation of Diderma alpinum into two species with allopatric distribution. An extended dataset of 800 specimens (mainly from Europe) that were barcoded with 18S rDNA revealed only barcode variants similar to those in the species characterized by the first data set, and showed an uneven distribution of these species in the Northern Hemisphere: Diderma microcarpum and D. alpinum were the only species found in all seven intensively sampled mountain regions. Partial 18S rDNA sequences serving as DNA barcodes provided clear signatures that allowed for unambiguous identification of the nivicolous Diderma spp., including two putative species in D. alpinum.
The class Myxomycetes consists of free-living protists characterised by their complex life cycle, which includes both microscopic (amoebae, flagellates and cists) and macroscopic stages (spore-bearing fruiting bodies, sclerotia, and plasmodia). Within it, the order Physarales , with more than 450 recognised species, constitutes the largest group. Although previous studies have shown the polyphyly of some of the traditionally accepted genera, its internal phylogenetic relationships have remained uncertain so far, and together with the lack of data for some key species, it prevented any taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions. We have compiled a substantially expanded dataset in terms of both taxon sampling and molecular data, including most of the genera described to date and four unlinked DNA regions, for which we provide partial sequences: nSSU, EF-1α , α-Tub , and mtSSU, analysed through maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our results confirm that the family Didymiaceae is paraphyletic to the rest of Physarales . Within Didymiaceae s.lat., the recent reinstatement of the genus Polyschismium for most species traditionally ascribed to Lepidoderma , except for the type (Ronikier et al. 2022), is further supported here, as well as the definite inclusion of the genus Mucilago in Didymium and Lepidoderma s.str. ( L. tigrinum ) in Diderma (Prikhodko et al. 2023). Additionally, the genus Diachea is redefined to include some species previously treated in Physaraceae ( Craterium spp. with true columella). Within the monophyletic family Physaraceae , most genera are recovered as polyphyletic, suggesting that they should be no longer accepted as currently defined. However, the lack of resolution of some relationships within Physaraceae prevents us from resuscitating or creating several new genera to mitigate polyphyly. Among the well-defined groups with clear molecular signatures, we propose two taxonomic and nomenclatural changes at generic level: 1) a new genus, Nannengaella , is proposed for a major clade containing Physarum globuliferum and other species with heavily calcified sporophores and, often, a true calcareous columella; 2) Lignydium is resurrected for the clade containing Fuligo muscorum . Additionally, Trichamphora is suggested as the correct name for the clade containing Physarum pezizoideum . The taxonomy and nomenclature of some provisional genera, currently synonymous with Fuligo and Physarum , are disentangled, and we provide a comprehensive and updated nomenclatural conspectus that can be used when better resolved phylogenies are obtained. In total, 22 new combinations are proposed in different genera. A provisional key to the genera of the order is also provided.
Early phylogenetic studies refuted most previous assumptions concerning the evolution of the morphological traits in the fruiting bodies of the order Trichiales and did not detect discernible evolutionary patterns, yet they were based on a limited number of species. We infer a new Trichiales phylogeny based on three independently inherited genetic regions (nuclear and mitochondrial), with a fair taxonomic sampling encompassing its broad diversity. Besides, we study the evolutionary history of some key morphological characters. According to the new phylogeny, most fruiting body traits in Trichiales systematics do not represent exclusive synapomorphies or autapomorphies for most monophyletic groups. Instead, the evolution of the features derived from the peridium, stalk, capillitium, and spores showed intricate patterns, and character state transitions occurred rather within- than between clades. Thus, we should consider other evolutionary scenarios instead of assuming the homology of some characters. According to these results, we propose a new classification of Trichiales, including the creation of a new genus, Gulielmina, the resurrection of the family Dictydiaethaliaceae and the genus Ophiotheca, and the proporsal of 13 new combinations for species of the genera Arcyria (1), Hemitrichia (2), Ophiotheca (2), Oligonema (4), Gulielmina (3), and Perichaena (1).
