Fig 1
-Maximum likelihood phylogeny (-lnL = 3085.08568) of Geonectria subalpina inferred by PhyML 3.0, model HKy85 from a 1120 bp matrix of 28S rrnA sequence, rooted to Nectria pseudotrichia (Nectriaceae).
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Geonectria subalpina gen. and sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on three collections on soil from the subalpine zone in the French Alps. The genus is placed in the Bionectriaceae based on morphological characteristics of the sexual morph and phylogenetic comparison of LSU sequences with species in 14 genera in the Bionectriaceae. Geonectr...
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Context 1
... subalpina Lechat, J. Fourn., M. Vega & Priou, sp. nov. -MB 824882 Fig. 1-3 Diagnosis: Ascomata on soil, superficial, non-stromatic, subglobose, orange, not changing colour in 3% KOH and lactic acid; ascospores 17-19 × 5.5-6 µm, hyaline, finely longitudinally striate; asexual morph acremonium-like. Ascomata solitary or in groups of 2-5, on the ground, superficial, non-stromatic, laterally collapsing or not ...
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... ( STen- rOOS et al., 2010). Besides its parasitic lifestyle, Bryocentria is characterized by small, up to 250 µm wide ascomata often featuring apical setae and small, usually less than 10 µm long ascospores with a central cyanophilous transverse band, thus different from our fungus. The molecular analysis carried out in the present study (Fig. 1), comparing Geonectria with members of 14 genera in the Bionectriaceae clearly supports: 1) the placement of Geonectria in the Bionectriaceae, 2) the distinctiveness of Geonectria in relation to the other genera discussed ...
Context 3
... subalpina Lechat, J. Fourn., M. Vega & Priou, sp. nov. -MB 824882 Fig. 1-3 Diagnosis: Ascomata on soil, superficial, non-stromatic, subglobose, orange, not changing colour in 3% KOH and lactic acid; ascospores 17-19 × 5.5-6 µm, hyaline, finely longitudinally striate; asexual morph acremonium-like. Ascomata solitary or in groups of 2-5, on the ground, superficial, non-stromatic, laterally collapsing or not ...
Context 4
... ( STen- rOOS et al., 2010). Besides its parasitic lifestyle, Bryocentria is characterized by small, up to 250 µm wide ascomata often featuring apical setae and small, usually less than 10 µm long ascospores with a central cyanophilous transverse band, thus different from our fungus. The molecular analysis carried out in the present study (Fig. 1), comparing Geonectria with members of 14 genera in the Bionectriaceae clearly supports: 1) the placement of Geonectria in the Bionectriaceae, 2) the distinctiveness of Geonectria in relation to the other genera discussed ...
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... Among the 39 genera accepted in the present study, sexual morphs are known for 14 of them. Most genera have nectria-like sexual morphs with perithecial ascomata, and acremoniumor cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs, including Geonectria, Lasionectria, Lasionectriella, Lasionectriopsis, Nectriopsis, Ochronectria, Paracylindrocarpon, Protocreopsis, Stilbocrea and Verrucostoma, many of which were previously treated as members of Nectria (Doi 1977, Samuels 1978, Rossman et al. 1999, Crous et al. 2016b, Tibpromma et al. 2018, Lechat et al. 2018b. Other genera were found to have cleistothecial ascomata with globose ascospores, such as Bulbithecium, Emericellopsis, Hapsidospora and Roumegueriella (van Beyma 1940, Malloch & Cain 1970, Udagawa & Muroi 1990, Udagawa et al. 1994, Rossman et al. 2001. ...
Acremonium is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. Acremonium has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that Acremonium is highly polyphyletic and members of Acremonium s. lat. belong to at least three distinct orders of Sordariomycetes , of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2 ) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2 , tef-1α ) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in Cephalothecales , Glomerellales and Hypocreales , mainly in the families Bionectriaceae , Plectosphaerellaceae and Sarocladiaceae and five new hypocrealean families, namely Chrysonectriaceae , Neoacremoniaceae , Nothoacremoniaceae , Pseudoniessliaceae and Valsonectriaceae . Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of Acremonium s. lat. grouped in genera of Bionectriaceae , including the type A. alternatum . A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for Bionectriaceae , in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, rpb2 and tef-1α are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in Bionectriaceae .
Three new genera, six new species, three combinations, six epitypes, and 25 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: Neoleptodontidium (based on Neoleptodontidium aquaticum), and Nothoramularia (based on Nothoramularia ragnhildianicola). New species: Acremonium aquaticum (from cooling pad water, USA, Cladophialophora laricicola (on dead wood of Larix sp., Netherlands), Cyphellophora neerlandica (on lichen on brick wall, Netherlands), Geonectria muralis (on moss growing on a wall, Netherlands), Harposporium illinoisense (from rockwool, USA), and Neoleptodontidium aquaticum (from hydroponic water, USA). New combinations: Cyphellophora deltoidea (based on Anthopsis deltoidea), Neoleptodontidium aciculare (based on Leptodontidium aciculare), and Nothoramularia ragnhildianicola (based on Ramularia ragnhildianicola). Epitypes: Cephaliophora tropica (from water, USA), Miricatena prunicola (on leaves of Prunus serotina, Netherlands), Nothoramularia ragnhildianicola (on Ragnhildiana ferruginea, parasitic on Artemisia vulgaris, Germany), Phyllosticta multicorniculata (on needles of Abietis balsamea, Canada), Thyronectria caraganae (on twigs of Caragana arborescens, Ukraine), and Trichosphaeria pilosa (on decayed Salix branch, Netherlands). Furthermore, the higher order phylogeny of three genera regarded as incertae sedis is resolved, namely Cephaliophora (Ascodesmidaceae, Pezizales), Miricatena (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes), and Trichosphaeria (Trichosphaeriaceae, Trichosphaeriales), with Trichosphaeriaceae being an older name for Plectosphaerellaceae.
Citation: Crous PW, Akulov A, Balashov S, Boers J, Braun U, Castillo J, Delgado MA, Denman S, Erhard A, Gusella G, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Malloch DW, Osieck ER, Polizzi G, Schumacher RK, Slootweg E, Starink-Willemse M, van Iperen AL, Verkley GJM, Groenewald JZ (2023). New and Interesting Fungi. 6. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 11: 109–156. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.09
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae, Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments. We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families. Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations, while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided. Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. For each family we provide a list of accepted genera, the taxonomic history, morphological descriptions, taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus. Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available, or provide relevant references. Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus Lobariella ( Peltigerales ), one of the most important lichen hosts in the Andean cloud forests. Based on molecular and morphological data, three new genera are introduced: Lawreyella gen. nov. ( Cordieritidaceae , for Unguiculariopsis lobariella ), Neobaryopsis gen. nov. ( Cordycipitaceae ), and Pseudodidymocyrtis gen. nov. ( Didymosphaeriaceae ). Nine additional new species are described ( Abrothallus subhalei sp. nov., Atronectria lobariellae sp. nov., Corticifraga microspora sp. nov., Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata sp. nov., Lichenotubeufia cryptica sp. nov., Neobaryopsis andensis sp. nov., Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae sp. nov., Rhagadostomella hypolobariella sp. nov., and Xylaria lichenicola sp. nov.). Phylogenetic placements of 13 lichenicolous species are reported here for Abrothallus , Arthonia , Globonectria , Lawreyella , Monodictys , Neobaryopsis , Pseudodidymocyrtis , Sclerococcum , Trichonectria and Xylaria . The name Sclerococcum ricasoliae comb. nov. is reestablished for the neotropical populations formerly named S. lobariellum ( Sclerococcales ). A key to sexual and asexual states of 40 species of lobariellicolous ascomycetous fungi is provided. Teleomorph-anamorph connections were established for several species using molecular methods and/or visual observations in nature. Additionally, we found that the anamorphic species Cornutispora ophiurospora inhabiting Lobariella was often accompanied by ascomata of Spirographa . Results of phylogenetic analyses, including newly generated sequences of several Cornutispora and Spirographa species inhabiting various host lichens, support the conclusion that Cornutispora is a synonym of Spirographa . Our Maximum Likelihood inference based on multiple loci show that all studied Spirographa (including Cornutispora ) belong to a new lineage within Ostropales . Based on these highly supported phylogenetic placements and the distinct character states of their conidiomata, in comparison with other Lecanoromycetes , a new family is proposed – Spirographaceae fam. nov. This new lineage includes broadly distributed mycoparasites, inhabiting various lichen and fungal hosts, and representing an early diversification event preceding the lichen-forming clade of Fissurinaceae , Gomphillaceae and Graphidaceae . Two lichenicolous species, Asteroglobulus giselae and Pleoscutula arsenii , were found to be nested within the Spirographa clade, and their teleomorph-anamorph connections were confirmed based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This phylogenetic result is corroborated by their highly similar ascomata anatomy. Together these results strongly indicate that both species are congeneric with Spirographa . As a result, four new species ( S. aggregata sp. nov., S. galligena sp. nov., S. maroneae sp. nov., and S. parmotrematis sp. nov.) and 15 new combinations are proposed ( Spirographa ascaridiella comb. nov., S. arsenii comb. nov., S. ciliata comb. nov., S. giselae comb. nov., S. herteliana comb. nov., S. hypotrachynae comb. nov., S. intermedia comb. nov., S. lichenicola comb. nov., S. limaciformis comb. nov., S. ophiurospora comb. nov., S. pittii comb. nov., S. pyramidalis comb. nov., S. triangularis comb. nov., S. tricupulata comb. nov., and S. vermiformis comb. nov.). Species of the genus Spirographa , as outlined here, are strongly host-specific, mainly at the generic level of their host. Some host genera can harbour more than one Spirographa species.
Lasionectriopsis germanica gen. and sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a collection from germany. The asexual morph of this fungus was obtained in culture and the culture was sequenced. The genus is placed in the Bionectriaceae based on ascomata not changing colour in 3% KOH or lactic acid, and phylogenetic comparison of LSU sequences with species in 14 genera of the Bionectriaceae. Lasionectriopsis is primarily characterized by whitish to pale orange, globose ascomata, semi-immersed in a subiculum, and verruculose ascospores. Based on molecular data, two species known only as asexual morphs, Acremonium pteridii and A. spinosum, are recombined in Lasionectriopsis. Résumé : Lasionectriopsis germanica gen. et sp. nov. est décrit et illustré d'après une récolte effectuée en al-lemagne. La forme asexuée de ce champignon a été obtenue en culture et cette dernière a été séquencée. Le genre est placé dans les Bionectriaceae d'après les ascomes ne changeant pas de couleur dans KOH à 3% ou dans l'acide lactique et la comparaison des séquences LSU avec des espèces représentant 14 genres de Bionectriaceae. Lasionectriopsis est caractérisé par des ascomes globuleux, semi-immergés dans un subicu-lum, blanchâtre à orange pâle et des ascospores verruculeuses. Deux espèces connues jusqu'à présent par leur seul stade asexué, Acremonium pteridii et A. spinosum, sont recombinées en Lasionectriopsis sur la base de données moléculaires.
The new species Stilbocrea walteri is described and illustrated from Quercus ilex collected in Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 sequence matrices place S. walteri in the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, within a clade of specimens morphologically identified as Stilbocrea macrostoma, the generic type of Stilbocrea. Stilbocrea walteri differs from S. macrostoma in dark olive green to blackish ascomata basally immersed in a stroma, KOH+ and LA+ ascomata and the lack of a stilbella-like asexual morph on natural substrate and pure culture. A simple phialidic asexual morph is formed in pure culture. To enable a morphological comparison, Stilbocrea macrostoma is illustrated.
