Figure 1 - uploaded by Chin-Sung Chang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz., a woody species of Araliaceae, exhibits a broad range of mor- phological variation and occurs throughout much of eastern Asia. A morphometric analysis of herbarium material supplemented with a large sample of field-collected leaves was undertaken to determine if the morphological differ- entiation found within...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Aralia, Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Araliaceae), is a well-defined species native to east- ern Asia, Japan, Korea, China, and eastern coastal Russia (Willis, 1973) (Figure 1). Recent phylogenetic studies of the nuclear ribosom DNA internal transcried spacer (ITS) of Araliaceae have supported the monophyly of Kalopanax and Eleutherococcus and their placement in a broad assemblage comprising taxa largely with compound leaves ( Wen et al., ...
Citations
... Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) evidence Palaeocoast lines during the last glacial maximum are shown assuming )110 m (grey) and )130 m (dark grey) sea level depression respectively. The species' range limit (broken line) according to Chang et al. (2003) is also shown. More information about the sampled populations is available in Table S1 (Supporting information). ...
... from forest understorey species indicates that divergence times significantly predate the last glacial period (Qiu et al. 2009b;Kikuchi et al. 2010), whereas no significant genetic differentiation between East China and Japan was found in a wind-pollinated canopy tree, Juglans mandshurica (Bai et al. 2010). This study investigates the phylogeographic history of one of the most widespread temperate trees in East Asia, Kalopanax septemlobus, a monotypic species that is distributed almost throughout the entire East Asian temperate forests (Chang et al. 2003) (Fig. 1b). This species is particularly suitable to investigate the biogeography of East Asian temperate forests for two reasons. ...
We investigated the biogeographic history of Kalopanax septemlobus, one of the most widespread temperate tree species in East Asia, using a combined phylogeographic and palaeodistribution modelling approach. Range-wide genetic differentiation at nuclear microsatellites (G'(ST) = 0.709; 2205 samples genotyped at five loci) and chloroplast DNA (G(ST) = 0.697; 576 samples sequenced for 2055 bp at three fragments) was high. A major phylogeographic break in Central China corresponded with those of other temperate species and the spatial delineation of the two temperate forest subkingdoms of East Asia, consistent with the forests having been isolated within both East and West China for multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Evidence for multiple glacial refugia was found in most of its current range in China, South Japan and the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula. In contrast, lineage admixture and absence of private alleles and haplotypes in Hokkaido and the northern Korean Peninsula support a postglacial origin of northernmost populations. Although palaeodistribution modelling predicted suitable climate across a land-bridge extending from South Japan to East China during the Last Glacial Maximum, the genetic differentiation of regional populations indicated a limited role of the exposed sea floor as a dispersal corridor at that time. Overall, this study provides evidence that differential impacts of Quaternary climate oscillation associated with landscape heterogeneity have shaped the genetic structure of a wide-ranging temperate tree in East Asia.
... Ohashi 1994). In this study, however, we treated all of the occurrences in the target area as one taxon, based on a recent morphometric study (Chang et al. 2003). To reduce noise in the data set, we did not include specimens labelled as cultivated plants or those with ambiguous localities. ...
... We assumed that the distribution probability of K. septemlobus can be expressed as a function of major climatic variables. Five bioclimatic variables (mean annual temperature, mean diurnal range, annual precipitation, precipitation of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the coldest quarter) were calculated from four fundamental climatic variables (Hijmans et al. 2005), (Chang et al. 2003). The coastline during the last glacial maximum (LGM) was reportedly 110 m lower than today (Bard et al. 1996;Siddall et al. 2003) and the exposed continental shelves are shown in dark grey. ...
... In such a situation, the potential niche of a species would tend to be underestimated. However, in this study, the northern limits of the climatically suitable areas reconstructed in the southern tip of Sakhalin and the southern Kuril Islands (Fig. 4a) were consistent with the actual leading edges of the species in Chang et al. (2003), suggesting that K. septemlobus was able to keep pace with the northward expansion of suitable environments. The seeds of K. septemlobus are spatially scattered by birds (Iida and Nakashizuka 1998) and the dispersal distance is estimated to exceed 500 m on average, according to maternity analysis (N. ...
We attempted to clarify how coastal lands temporarily exposed during the last glacial maximum (LGM) contributed to the northward
colonisation of Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidzumi during the postglacial period in the Japanese Archipelago. Distribution records in 30-arc-s pixels
were related to bioclimate variables using the maximum entropy technique to model the ecological niche of this species. Bioclimatic
conditions in the exposed coastal lands during the LGM were reconstructed based on simulated palaeoclimate and fine-resolution
marine topography. Potential distribution ranges were then estimated under the climatic conditions during the LGM, mid-Holocene
and the present. The ecological niche of this species was influenced mainly by the temperature component of the bioclimates,
leading to northward range shift after the LGM as the climate warmed. On average, 26% of the potential range of K. septemlobus during the LGM was located on the exposed seafloor. The northern edges of the species range on both sides of Honshu Island
were estimated by up to several hundred kilometres farther north, when compared to the prediction assuming no sea level change.
Application of ecological niche modelling provided new insight into the role of exposed seafloor as cryptic glacial refugia
for this species, which has never been evidenced by fossil records. In a temperate island system characterised by long coastlines,
the northern exposed seafloor would have been more important in terms of harbouring the putative source populations for northward
directional colonisation during the postglacial period.
KeywordsCastor aralia-Climate change-Coastal oasis hypothesis-Ecological niche modelling-Northward colonisation
... The relationships between K. septemlobus and other araliads can be considered as yet unresolved, since in the analyses using different phylogenetic markers and data sets, this species clusters either with the Macropanax/Metapanax clade [2,9], or with Hedera helix [14,16]. Hence, it seems too early to speak about the monophyletic origin of the genera Kalopanax and Eleutherococcus, as suggested by Korean authors [27]. ...
In eight species of the family Araliaceae, inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East, the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear rDNA were determined. A comparison of these sequences enabled establishment of phylogenetic relationships between the Far Eastern and other members of the family. It w... [more] In eight species of the family Araliaceae, inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East, the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear rDNA were determined. A comparison of these sequences enabled establishment of phylogenetic relationships between the Far Eastern and other members of the family. It was demonstrated that Aralia elata populations from Primorye and Sakhalin were genetically different and, hereby, could be classified as intraspecific taxa. Aralia continentalis along with A. cordata were attributed to the section Aralia sensu Wen. Oplopanax elatus and O. horridus were found to be very close to each other, possibly being the subspecies of one species or relatively young species. Legitimacy of the discrimination between two sections within the genus Eleutherococcus was confirmed.
Since the demands not only for value-added timber but the environmental functions of forests had been increased, native tree species has been, and is rapidly being replaced by foreign tree species in many parts of the world. However, the studies on population structure and regeneration characteristics of native tree species were not conducted enough. Regeneration of Kalopanax septemlobus growing among other hardwoods in natural forests is very difficult because of its low seed viability and germination rate. The study examined the distribution of mature trees of K. septemlobus and their regeneration pattern at the 1.12 ha study plot in natural deciduous broad-leaved forest of Mt. Jeombong. The density and mean DBH of K. septemlobus was 97 trees per ha and 32 cm, respectively. The spatial distribution of K. septemlobus showed a random pattern (aggregation index is 0.935) in the 1.12 ha study plot. The age of 90 trees among 99 sample trees of K. septemlobus ranged from 90 to 110 years and represented a single cohort, thus suggesting that K. septemlobus in advance regeneration has regenerated as a result of disturbances such as canopy opening.
Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees , 10,000 trees , and 40,000 trees ). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees . The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.
In eight species of the family Araliaceae, inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East, the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear rDNA were determined. A comparison of these sequences enabled establishment of phylogenetic relationships between the Far Eastern and other members of the family. It was demonstrated that Aralia sensu populations from Primorye and Sakhalin were genetically different and, hereby, could be classified as interspecific taxa. Aralia continentalis along with A. cordata were attributed to the section Aralia sensu. Oplopanax elaus and O. horridus were found to be very close to each other, possibly being the subspecies of one species or relatively young species. Legitimacy of the isolation of two sections within the genus Eleutherococcus was confirmed.
