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![Material-related properties guiding the interactions of proteins, microbes and cells on biomaterial surfaces. (A) Bioinert surfaces hinder the adsorption of proteins, and no interaction and adhesion of cells and microbes is possible. (B) Bioactive surfaces actively stimulate their surrounding by releasing factors or agents to allow for cellular interaction (bioadhesion) or combat against microbes. (C) Biomimetic surfaces are designed to mimic natural ECM composition to guide cellular interactions and tissue regeneration, while repelling proteins and microbes. Figure 1 was adapted from reference [32] (© 2021 S. Spiller et al., published by De Gruyter, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).](publication/363401622/figure/fig1/AS:11431281083679778@1662712155519/Material-related-properties-guiding-the-interactions-of-proteins-microbes-and-cells-on.png)
Material-related properties guiding the interactions of proteins, microbes and cells on biomaterial surfaces. (A) Bioinert surfaces hinder the adsorption of proteins, and no interaction and adhesion of cells and microbes is possible. (B) Bioactive surfaces actively stimulate their surrounding by releasing factors or agents to allow for cellular interaction (bioadhesion) or combat against microbes. (C) Biomimetic surfaces are designed to mimic natural ECM composition to guide cellular interactions and tissue regeneration, while repelling proteins and microbes. Figure 1 was adapted from reference [32] (© 2021 S. Spiller et al., published by De Gruyter, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).
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Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular proc...
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... in the case of 3D structures, bioactive factors must be present in the bulk material and surround the incorporated cells [31,33,34]. For the usage as implant, biocompatible biomaterial implant surfaces should demonstrate different properties adopted to the needed requirements to allow for a successful incorporation in the human body depending on the aimed application (Figure 1). Therefore, the interactions of proteins, microbes, and cells should be guided by material-related surface properties to create bioinert, bioactive, or biomimetic biomaterials. ...
Citations
... In addition, it has been involved in surgical thread production and wound dressing [33][34][35]. Therefore, the cocoon of B. mori and its main proteins have been remarked as outstanding research subjects owing to their potential advantages in the fields of polymers, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, the food industry, and biomaterials [36,37]. Therefore, the interest in silk proteins has been widely growing in various directions rather than the textile industry due to the high need for their properties as biodegradable and biocompatible materials. ...
Silks are natural polymers that have been widely used for centuries. Silk consists of a filament core protein, termed fibroin, and a glue-like coating substance formed of sericin (SER) proteins. This protein is extracted from the silkworm cocoons (particularly Bombyx mori) and is mainly composed of amino acids like glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine. Silk SER can be obtained using numerous methods, including enzymatic extraction, high-temperature, autoclaving, ethanol precipitation, cross-linking, and utilizing acidic, alkali, or neutral aqueous solutions. Given the versatility and outstanding properties of SER, it is widely fabricated to produce sponges, films, and hydrogels for further use in diverse biomedical applications. Hence, many authors reported that SER benefits cell proliferation, tissue engineering, and skin tissue restoration thanks to its moisturizing features, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and mitogenic effect on mammalian cells. Remarkably, SER is used in drug delivery depending on its chemical reactivity and pH-responsiveness. These unique features of SER enhance the bioactivity of drugs, facilitating the fabrication of biomedical materials at nano- and microscales, hydrogels, and conjugated molecules. This review thoroughly outlines the extraction techniques, biological properties, and respective biomedical applications of SER.
... Additionally, it can be combined with growth factors or cytokines through controlled release, promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and promote the repair and regeneration of joint cartilage. At the same time, it can combine with stem cells or osteoblasts to form a tissue-engineered scaffold for the repair and regeneration of joint cartilage [159][160][161]. In addition, SFs can be used in combination with other biomaterials to further enhance their drug delivery [162]. ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage damage and degeneration. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs and joint replacement surgery only relieve pain and do not achieve complete cartilage regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF) biomaterials are novel materials that have been widely studied and applied to cartilage regeneration. By mimicking the fibrous structure and biological activity of collagen, SF biomaterials can promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and contribute to the formation of new cartilage tissue. In addition, SF biomaterials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability and can be gradually absorbed and metabolized by the human body. Studies in recent years have shown that SF biomaterials have great potential in treating OA and show good clinical efficacy. Therefore, SF biomaterials are expected to be an effective treatment option for promoting cartilage regeneration and repair in patients with OA. This article provides an overview of the biological characteristics of SF, its role in bone and cartilage injuries, and its prospects in clinical applications to provide new perspectives and references for the field of bone and cartilage repair.
... Bargel et al. [9] discuss in their review paper "Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications" the importance of tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications in biomaterial research. The review was focused on two major topics, the first one being biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells. ...
... The molecular mass for eADF4(C16) is 48 kDa [39]. When processed into morphologies like fibers [10], films [37,[40][41][42][43][44][45] or hydrogels [46][47][48][49], eADF4(C16) materials provide a high potential for various medical and technical applications [31,45,[50][51][52][53]. ...
Among the versatile opportunities of processing recombinant spider silk proteins into coatings, hydrogels, particles, fibrils and foams, electrospinning provides a further highly important morphology: submicron- and nanofibers. These fibers display a high surface-to-volume ratio, which, in combination with the silk's biocompatibility, flexibility and functionality allows various applications including drug-delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings as well as particle filtration from liquid or gas. Based on the chosen application, individual spider silk proteins can be spun out of a choice of solvents using different spinning techniques in order to achieve the desired properties of the fibers. In this perspective article so far used electrospinning solvents, techniques and collectors are displayed and brought into context with their possible application.
... Biomolecules, such as peptides and proteins, have been demonstrated to be useful in the synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanostructures [15,16]. Herein, we have investigated the utility of a silica-binding peptide (SiBP) in the single-step synthesis and self-assembly of SiO 2 nanoparticles into ordered 3D structures. ...
Achieving scalable and economic methods for manufacturing ordered structures of nanoparticles is an ongoing challenge. Ordered structures of SiO 2 nanoparticles have gained increased attention due to the great potential they offer in filtering, separation, drug delivery, optics, electronics, and catalysis. Biomolecules, such as peptides and proteins, have been demonstrated to be useful in the synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanostructures. Herein, we describe a simple Stöber-based method wherein both the synthesis and the self-assembly of SiO 2 nanoparticles can be facilitated by a silica-binding peptide (SiBP). We demonstrate that the SiBP acts as a multirole agent when used alone or in combination with a strong base catalyst (NH 3). When used alone, SiBP catalyzes the hydrolysis of precursor molecules in a dose-dependent manner and produces 17-20 nm SiO 2 particles organized in colloidal gels. When used in combination with NH 3 , the SiBP produces smaller and more uniformly distributed submicrometer particles. The SiBP also improves the long-range self-assembly of the as-grown particles into an opal-like structure by changing the surface charge, without any need for further modification or processing of the particles. The results presented here provide a biomimetic route to the single-step synthesis and assembly of SiO 2 nanoparticles into colloidal gels or opal-like structures. 280
... Silk has demonstrated a great potential to be used as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration among the excellent naturally available biomaterials. Silks are wellknown natural fibers that are generated by a number of silkworm insects and spiders, including Bombyx mori, which is one of the sources that has received the most attention from researchers ( Figure 1) [9,37,38]. Despite the fact that it has a number of benefits, silk also has a number of drawbacks. ...
... Silk has demonstrated a great potential to be used as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration among the excellent naturally available biomaterials. Silks are well-known natural fibers that are generated by a number of silkworm insects and spiders, including Bombyx mori, which is one of the sources that has received the most attention from researchers ( Figure 1) [9,37,38]. Despite the fact that it has a number of benefits, silk also has a number of drawbacks. ...
Biomaterial research has led to revolutionary healthcare advances. Natural biological macromolecules can impact high-performance, multipurpose materials. This has prompted the quest for affordable healthcare solutions, with a focus on renewable biomaterials with a wide variety of applications and ecologically friendly techniques. Imitating their chemical compositions and hierarchical structures, bioinspired based materials have elevated rapidly over the past few decades. Bio-inspired strategies entail extracting fundamental components and reassembling them into programmable biomaterials. This method may improve its processability and modifiability, allowing it to meet the biological application criteria. Silk is a desirable biosourced raw material due to its high mechanical properties, flexibility, bioactive component sequestration, controlled biodegradability, remarkable biocompatibility, and inexpensiveness. Silk regulates temporo-spatial, biochemical and biophysical reactions. Extracellular biophysical factors regulate cellular destiny dynamically. This review examines the bioinspired structural and functional properties of silk material based scaffolds. We explored silk types, chemical composition, architecture, mechanical properties, topography, and 3D geometry to unlock the body’s innate regenerative potential, keeping in mind the novel biophysical properties of silk in film, fiber, and other potential forms, coupled with facile chemical changes, and its ability to match functional requirements for specific tissues.
Coatings with excellent hemocompatibility and antibacterial properties were constructed on the surface of PU catheters using plasma technology and amide coupling reactions.
