FIGURE 1 - uploaded by Alfonso Rueda
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Massless Charge Trajectory in a Uniform Electric Field plus the ZPF, Showing Spin-like Orbital Motion and its Projections onto the xz and yz Planes.
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A possible connection between the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and inertia was first published by Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff (1994). If correct, this would imply that mass may be an electromagnetic phenomenon and thus in principle subject to modification, with possible technological implications for propulsion. A multiyear NASA-funded study at the...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... a field above the vacuum is applied, the charge will be observed to drift in a preferred direction in its zitterbewegung wander. This is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the trajectory of a massless charge computed from eqn. (8) using one of the metrics from the class of metrics implied by eqn. (11). ...
Context 2
... the charge moves with a large average velocity in some direction, the zitterbewegung motion extends to a quasi-helical motion that may be the basis of particle spin. This spin is undetermined until "measured" by applying a field that aligns the zitterbewegung into helical motion, which will either be oriented with positive or negative helicity (spin up or spin down, see Figure 1). ...
Citations
... Such a concept is almost certain to have profound implications for future space travels, as it will be seen later. 12 Quoting Haisch et al, 13 The Heisenberg uncertainty relation applied to a harmonic oscillator requires that its ground state have a non-zero energy of hν /2, since quantum mechanically a particle cannot simultaneously be exactly at the bottom of its potential well and have exactly zero momentum. The quantization of the electromagnetic field in terms of quantum-mechanical operators is found in standard textbooks. ...
... Other experiments with the ZPF are still far from a technological reality. We point the reader to the work by Haisch et al., (2003). See also work at the California Institute for Physics and Astrophysics (http://www.calphysics.org/). ...
A review of various technologies discussed by Dr. Robert Forward is presented as a tribute to Dr. Forward, and is based on selections from his writings and those of subsequent investigators. Some emphasis is placed on the new frontiers of space propulsion, power and communication. Many of these concepts and technologies are presented within the STAIF 2004 “1st Symposium on New Frontiers and Future Concepts.” These range from highly speculative notions to hardware that has now been demonstrated in space flight. Among these concepts and technologies to be discussed are future communications, antimatter propulsion, space elevators and tethers, beamed energy propulsion, and emerging gravity theories and concepts. © 2004 American Institute of Physics
... In the PV representation of GR, " o Z " and " " are unaffected by gravity, hence, " α " is unaffected. Using the Flat PV representation, equations (26) and (27) illustrate that " ( ) o Z κ ω " varies proportionally with " ( ) κ ω ". Therefore, " α " remains unaffected. ...
... Similarly, the square of the Planck Mass " 2 p m " is the ratio of equations (26) and (28). Therefore it is independent of " ( ) κ ω ", as is the Planck Energy, ...
... The invariance of " p E " is consistent with [11,12]. However, the Planck Length and the Planck Time may be represented as variables in terms of " ( ) κ ω ", using equations (26) and (28) as follows, ...
There are several interpretations of the Polarizable Vacuum (PV). One is the variable speed of light (VSL) approach, that has been shown to be isomorphic to General Relativity (GR) within experimental limits. However, another interpretation is representative of flat geometry, in which intervals of time and distance are measured in local inertial reference frames where the speed of light remains constant. The Flat PV approach leads to variable impedance transformations, governed by the spectral energy content of the Quantum Vacuum's Electromagnetic (EM) Zero-Point Field (ZPF). The EM ZPF consists of photons. An unlimited number of photons may occupy the same quantum state at an arbitrary set of coordinates. Therefore, the spectral energy of the ZPF may be varied smoothly, represented by a superposition of EM waves with a large number of photons per cubic wavelength. Utilizing the Flat PV representation, a family of frequency dependent solutions of Poisson's equation are derived, that may be applied as tools for engineering the PV space-time metric, within the GR representation. v1. Released v2. Revised Section 5, added tables 2 and 3.
A value of the cosmological constant in a toy model of the five-dimensional universe is calculated in such a manner that it remains in agreement with both astronomical observations and the quantum field theory concerning the zero-point fluctuations of the vacuum. The (negative) cosmological constant is equal to the inverse of the Planck length squared, which means that in the toy model the vanishing of the observed value of the cosmological constant is a consequence of the existence of an energy cutoff exactly at the Planck level. In turn, a model for both a virtual and a real particle–antiparticle pair is proposed which describes properly some energetic properties of both the vacuum fluctuations and created particles, as well as it allows one to calculate the discrete "bare" values of an elementary particle's mass, electric charge and intrinsic angular momentum (spin) at the energy cutoff. The relationships between the discussed model and some phenomena such as the Zitterbewegung and the Unruh–Davies effect are briefly analyzed, too. The proposed model also allows one to derive the Lorentz transformation and the Maxwell equations while considering the properties of the vacuum filled with the sea of virtual particles and their antiparticles. Finally, the existence of a finite value of the vacuum-energy density resulting from the toy model leads us to the formulation of dimensionless Einstein equations which may be derived from the Lagrangian with a dimensionless (naively renormalized) coupling constant.
In the article by Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff Phys. Rev. A 49 678 (1994), an explanation of inertia as an “electromagnetic resistance arising from the known spectral distortion of the zero-point field in accelerated frames” is proposed. In this paper, we show that this result is an error due to incorrect physical and mathematical assumptions associated with taking a nonrelativistic approach. At the core of HRP’s theory is a calculation of the so-called magnetic Lorentz force, which can be represented in terms of a correlation function of zero-point field (ZPF) radiation and a form factor of a small uniformly accelerated oscillator. To consider this force, the authors use a nonrelativistic approach based in fact on two main assumptions. (i) A nonrelativistic approximation of the correlation function exists. (ii) In the force integral expression, contributions of the integrand for large differences in time are damped and can be ignored. We show that their implicit nonrelativistic implementation of the correlation function is incorrect, and present as the correct expression a proper nonrelativistic limit of the exact correlation function offered earlier by Boyer. We also show that the second assumption is misguided, and the force exerted on even a slow moving accelerated oscillator “remembers” the entire history of the accelerated motion including times when its velocity could have any large value. A nonrelativistic approximation of the force leads to a contradiction. The force is fundamentally a relativistic one, which we show is equal to zero. Consequently, the interaction of the accelerated oscillator with ZPF radiation does not produce inertia, at least not for the component of the Lorentz force that HRP considered. Finally, several other calculation errors are discussed in our paper: the sign (which is of paramount importance for HRP’s theory) of HRP’s final force expression should be positive, not negative, and the high-frequency approximation used is not justified.
It is theorized that the quantum vacuum is a random electromagnetic field that permeates the universe. It will be shown that acceleration between a quark and a random electromagnetic energy field is an analog of the reaction between a charge moving at constant velocity with respect to an organized electromagnetic field. The difference is that with a quark any natural perpendicular deflection during that motion, as predicted by Lorentz, is contained by the strong force, which results in a change in the angular momentum of the spin of a quark. The first derivative of the equations of motion of charges in an organized electromagnetic field may be used when applied to a random electromagnetic field to invoke the same fields modeled by Maxwell’s equations. Mass is intimately bound up with a quark’s spin angular momentum and the energy for that increase comes directly from the local field. The underlying randomness of the local field normally remains intact through these energy exchanges but it is speculated that in a quantum entanglement, an absolute level of order is imposed on the field along a path between two particles. This causes the non local effects seen in quantum entanglement. The mechanism that may cause this effect is discussed and a simple experiment is proposed that can test the hypothesis. Also discussed are new theoretical constructs for electromagnetic radiation, mass, the skin effect, self‐inductance, superposition, and gravity. The emphasis will be on an intuitive and logical approach more than a mathematical approach. © 2005 American Institute of Physics
The origin of inertia is evaluated from quantum zero point models of the electromagnetic vacuum using Frame Extended Relativity [1] as a background space. From which it is argued that the origin of gravitation may arise from the symmetry breaking fields caused by the Cooper pairings of superdeformed nuclei within the Schwarzschild radius of gravitating bodies. Finally the collection of potential interactions discussed within leads to the conclusion that gravitational fields may be scale dependent upon local gauge forces.
We analyze both the feasibility and reasonableness of a classical Euclidean Theory of Everything (TOE), which we understand as a TOE based on an Euclidean space and an absolute time over which deterministic models of particles and forces are built. The possible axiomatic complexity of a TOE in such a framework is considered and compared to the complexity of the assumptions underlying the Standard Model. Current approaches to relevant (for our purposes) reformulations of Special Relativity, General Relativity, inertia models and Quantum Theory are summarized, and links between some of these reformulations are exposed. A qualitative framework is suggested for a research program on a classical Euclidean TOE. Within this framework an underlying basis is suggested, in particular, for the Principle of Relativity and Principle of Equivalence. A model for gravity as an inertial phenomenon is proposed. Also, a basis for quantum indeterminacy and wave function collapse is suggested in the framework.
