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Massive development of filamentous green algae forming mats from inland and marine waters (photos by B. Messyasz): a long filaments of Cladophora glomerata in shallow Lake Oporzynskie; bCladophora glomerata in the natural field pond; c filaments of Cladophora glomerata in the littoral zone of Lake Zbaszynskie; dCladophora sp. growing on stones on the coast of the Baltic Sea; e flocs of Cladophora rivularis in Nielba river in Wagrowiec (Poland)
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This study includes information about the most common freshwater and marine species from the genus Cladophora such as classification, taxonomy and morphology, ecology, occurrence and distribution, population and community structure, harvesting and culture conditions, chemical composition, and utilization. Habitat requirements and development optima...
Citations
... In stagnant waters, the bloom of planktonic Cyanobacteria, as well as Dinophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyta, and Chlorophyta, causes a change in the color and smell of the water and the appearance of foam and coatings [279,280]. During the blooming period of green filamentous algae (Cladophora sp., Oedogonium sp., Microspora sp., Pithophora sp.), large mats are formed on the bo om or surface of aquatic ecosystems [281,282]. In river and stream systems all over the world, in recent decades, 'blooms' of Bacillariophyceae, primarily the diatom Didimosphaenia geminata, have appeared. ...
... Besides implementing the mentioned protection measures, it is crucial to enhance our ability to predict and prevent the proliferation of "blooming" cyanobacteria and algae by obtaining detailed and relevant information about their ecology and behavior. Furthermore, it is essential to explore the significant biotechnological potential of non-toxic algae biomass [282]. ...
The inheritance of historic human-induced disruption and the fierceness of its impact change aquatic ecosystems. This work reviews some of the main stressors on freshwater ecosystems , focusing on their effects, threats, risks, protection, conservation, and management elements. An overview is provided on the water protection linked to freshwater stressors: solar ultraviolet radiation, thermal pollution, nanoparticles, radioactive pollution, salinization, nutrients, sedi-mentation, drought, extreme floods, fragmentation, pesticides, war and terrorism, algal blooms, invasive aquatic plants, riparian vegetation, and invasive aquatic fish. Altogether, these stressors build an exceptionally composite background of stressors that are continuously changing freshwater ecosystems and diminishing or even destroying their capability to create and maintain ongoing natural healthy products and essential services to humans. Environmental and human civilization sustainability cannot exist without the proper management of freshwater ecosystems all over the planet; this specific management is impossible if the widespread studied stressors are not deeply understood structurally and functionally. Without considering each of these stressors and their synergisms, the Earth's freshwater is doomed in terms of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Citation: Bănăduc, D.; Curtean-Bănăduc, A.; Barinova, S.; Lozano, V.L.; Afanasyev, S.; Leite, T.; Branco, P.; Gomez Isaza, D.F.; Geist, J.; Tegos, A; et al.
... When it develops rapidly, it can form thick mats on the surface of water, and it may have a septic smell due to the decomposition of the mats it (Laplace-Treyture et al., 2014), (Van den Hoek, 1963), (Kützing, 1843). Their cells are cylindrical, multinucleated, and have cell walls with a cuticle layer on the outside that gives them rigidity and mechanical strength (Michalak & Messyasz, 2021). The classification adopted is as follows (Hanyuda et al., 2002), (Soejima et al., 2009), (Boedeker & Sviridenko, 2012). ...
To cope with the water shortage in Sous Massa region of Morocco, agricultural producers in the region have resorted to different types of water supply basins, known as “irrigation basins” but the phenomenon of eutrophication has hindered the continuity of agricultural productivity by altering the quality of the water used for irrigation on the one hand, and causing economic damage to agricultural producers due to the clogging of the water pumping network on the other. We began by characterising the physico-chemical quality of the water to determine the causes of its high nutrient content, then we determined the taxonomy of the algal species in the irrigation basins to which we had access. A qualitative study of the water in the irrigation basins in order to better explain the inventory obtained from the taxonomic identification of the algal biomass collected, which proved the existence of new species, not previously identified, characterising the freshwaters of the Moroccan region, is under the scope of this work. The species studied belong mainly to the following groups: green algae (11 genera of Chlorophyta and 7 genera of Charophyta), blue algae (7 genera of Cyanobacteria), brown algae (7 genera of Diatoms), and one genus of Euglenophyta.
... Consequently, new pharmaceuticals are consistently required to support medical professionals in oncology treatments (Hanahan, 2022). Cladophora is a group of macroscopic green algae that includes more than 183 species and lives either in freshwater or salt water (Michalak and Messyasz, 2021). Cladophora glomerata is a pervasive filamentous alga in freshwater environments and lakes. ...
Cladophora glomerata has numerous biologically active properties and is considered one of the most essential medicinal algae. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anticancer efficacy of Cladophora glomerata algae extract against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and normal mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. The needed algae was found in the Hassan Al-Hamoud River , Baquba, Iraq. The chemical detection of some chemical components of the ethanolic extract of C. glomerata revealed that the extract contains a group of active compounds. The study showed significant variation (p<0.05) among inhibition percentages of cancer cell line HepG2, Hella, and MEF cell lines that were treated with different concentrations (15.1, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000) μg/ml of C. glomerata extract. The outcomes showed that increased inhibition percentages of the above cell line were associated with increased concentrations. The inhibition percentage of HepG2, Hella, and MEF cell lines were 1.6 ± 30.88, 1.7 ± 14.10, and 1.2 ± 2.31 at concentration 15.1 (mg/ml), and was 3.8 ± 84.90, 3.6 ± 88.29, and 3.9 ± 23.2, respectively at concentration 1000 (mg/ml). The study concluded that the C. glomerata extract with different concentrations significantly inhibited cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hela) and ME because they have antiproliferative and antioxidant activity against cancers. The extract's inhibitory impact begins at low doses and increases with increasing concentration. The study would be beneficial to use macroalgae as new and sustainable sources of bioactive compounds against cancer.
... The trace mineral content (I, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) was higher in AL (30,600 mg kg − 1 ) than in AN (5500 mg kg − 1 ). The AL contained higher concentrations of Fe compared to previous investigations [46]. Algae are natural accumulators of minerals in their natural environment, but they also have the capacity to accumulate heavy metals. ...
... In the nutritional field , they contain vitamins such as A,C,B1 ,B2 , and B6 , in addition to containing minerals such as iodine , potassium , calcium , and magnesium [5]. In the agricultural field algae can be used as a biomass in its solid state as fertilizer or used to modify and change the composition of the soil [6]. As for the environmental field it has a major role in wastewater treatment so it was used as evidence of environmental pollution [5]. ...
The aim of the study was to find out the chemical content of some algae, Enteromorpha and Cladophora , and some selected aquatic plants, Typha domingensis, Phragmites australis and Schoenoplectus lacustris . were studied Ashes, fats and mineral elements, which include magnesium, phosphate and nitrogen, in addition to studying the physical and chemical properties of water at different times of the seasons. Enteromorpha moss showed the highest percentage of ash which amounted to (14.32%), magnesium (0.43%) and phosphate (2.73%) while Cladophora moss showed the highest percentage of fat which amounted to (7.28%) and nitrogen (3.92%). The plants showed clear significant differences in different seasons where the results showed that the highest value of ash for Typha domingensis was in spring (11.11%), for Phragmites australis in summer (12.43%) and for Schoenoplectus lacustris in autumn (16.21%). As for fats the highest value of fats was in the spring season for the Typha domingensis plant (3.10%), for the Phragmites australis plant in the autumn season (1.51%), and for the Schoenoplectus lacustris plant in the summer season (2.21%). As for magnesium, the highest value of magnesium was in the winter season for the Typha domingensis plant (0.25%), for the Phragmites australis plant in the summer season (0.76%), and for the Schoenoplectus lacustris plant in the autumn season (2.45%). As for phosphateits highest value was in the autumn season for the Typha domingensis plant (0.26%), for the Phragmites australis plant in the spring season (0.32%), and for the Schoenoplectus lacustris plant in the autumn season (0.24%). Also the physical and chemical properties of water showed great variations in different seasons as the highest recorded value of air and water temperature in summer was (41) and (40) Celsius respectively. As for the pH, the highest value was recorded in the winter season (8.16), and the nitrates recorded the highest value in the autumn season (45.35) mg / L.
... Biomass obtained from algae is a source of necessary vitamins, minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants (Heiba et al., 1997;Laungsuwon & Chulalaksananukul, 2014;Michalak & Messyasz, 2021) and other necessary nutrients that can be used in feed production (Bruneel et al., 2013;Konkol et al., 2018;Wan et al., 2019), which will help to reduce or replace the shortage of feed materials. ...
Finding new or alternative feeds, feed additives, and raw materials safe for health and the environment is significant in intensifying livestock production. At the same time, the fodder base obtained from aquatic ecosystems – algae – deserves special attention. The advantage of using algae as fodder is using small areas for their cultivation and a high reproduction rate. In addition, algae are grown where other plants cannot grow, and the productivity of algae is several times higher than that of higher plants. Algae can produce beneficial compounds and biomass, which are also used to increase the nutritional value of food products. Biomass obtained from algae is a source of necessary vitamins, minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and other necessary nutrients. The composition of algae depends on the environment from which this biomass is collected, the conditions of algae cultivation, the season, the species of algae, and many other factors. In addition, it should be noted that some algae, out of the total amount, are toxic when consumed. That is why it is essential to research their toxicity. The article presents the results of studying the toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish. When studying the effect of biomass Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish, it was established that its use for 96 hours in doses of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l did not cause their death, and its LC50 is higher than 100 mg/l. In addition, no changes were detected in the behavior of the fish; they were active, mobile, and actively responding to external stimuli. The fish of the experimental groups were not distinguished from those of the control group.
... While, these compounds contribute to algae extracts' antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-diabetic properties. Such properties are attributed to the presence of pigments like chlorophylls, carotenoids, and vitamins, as well as various phenolic compounds including polyphenols and flavonoids (Yuvaraj et al., 2011;Yang et al., 2015;Michalak and Messyasz, 2021;Wizi et al., 2022). ...
... Cladophora glomerata, one of the most common green macroalga in Poland, found in both marine and freshwater environments, was selected as the raw material for the research. C. glomerata has been tested in a variety of industries due to its chemical composition, including agriculture (e.g., as an organic fertilizer, and biostimulant of plant growth, feed additive), environmental protection (as a sorbent for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, as a bioindicator of water pollution), renewable energy (e.g., as a feedstock for biogas, bioethanol production), and high-tech composite materials 34 . ...
... The total crude fat content in C. glomerata was 0.93 ± 0.18% (m/m), which is similar to the results received by other researchers for freshwater C. glomerata, ranged from 0.4 to 2.48% 34 . The total sugars content in C. glomerata was 0.56 ± 0.10% (m/m), and the total protein content was 13.6 ± 1.1%, which was also close to the values obtained by other researchers (from 10.7 to 22.5%) 15,34 . The total amount of amino acids in C. glomerata was 11.4 g/100 g d.m. ...
... Hydroxylysine, taurine, ornithine, and gamma aminobutyric acid were below 0.02 g/100 g d.m. The main amino acids analyzed in the alga are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, phenylalanine and arginine, which is consistent with the results achieved by other researchers 15,34 . Ash content in the C. glomerata biomass was 33.4 ± 0.5%, which is in the same range as the ash content of freshwater C. glomerata collected in other places (from 2.44 to 39.3%) 15,34 . ...
The effect of the extract obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) from green macroalga Cladophora glomerata on the germination and early growth of three narrow-leaved lupin varieties (cv. Homer, Jowisz, and Tytan) was examined. The seeds of these varieties came from five growing seasons (2015–2019) and this was their successive propagation stage. In total, 45 groups were tested. Narrow-leaved lupin like other legumes have a beneficial effect on the physical properties and fertility of the soil. Its high nutritive value makes it suitable for the production of valuable fodder. The algal extract, which was screened for the content of active compounds responsible for their biostimulant effect was applied in two concentrations: 10 and 20%. The germination percentage, root, hypocotyl, epicotyl length and chlorophyll content in cotyledons were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The 20% extract stimulated the growth of seedlings of all lupin cultivars better than the 10% application. The Jowisz variety deserves special attention, as it has the longest root system of seedlings.
... The relatively large mass of undetermined compounds (15.2%) can be attributed to a sum contribution of lipids, sulfated heteropolysaccharides, and unidentified metabolites and the underestimation of protein content. 37,38 When evaluating the progress of cellulose purification, most of the noncellulosic impurities are removed during the NaClO 2 stage of the process. After the NaClO 2 stage, the cellulose purity of the sample is already 89.1 ± 0.75%, and most of the hemicelluloses and proteins are removed. ...
Nanocellulose is isolated from cellulosic fibers and exhibits many properties that macroscale cellulose lacks. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a subcategory of nanocellulose made of stiff, rodlike, and highly crystalline nanoparticles. Algae of the order Cladophorales are the source of the longest cellulosic nanocrystals, but manufacturing these CNCs is not well-studied. So far, most publications have focused on the applications of this material, with the basic manufacturing parameters and material properties receiving little attention. In this article, we investigate the entirety of the current manufacturing process from raw algal biomass (Cladophora glomerata) to the isolation of algal cellulose nanocrystals. Yields and cellulose purities are investigated for algal cellulose and the relevant process intermediates. Furthermore, the effect of sulfuric acid hydrolysis, which is used to convert cellulose into CNCs and ultimately determines the material properties and some of the sustainability aspects, is examined and compared to literature results on wood cellulose nanocrystals. Long (>4 μm) CNCs form a small fraction of the overall number of CNCs but are still present in measurable amounts. The results define essential material properties for algal CNCs, simplifying their future use in functional cellulosic materials.
... Albeit phenaloenones have showed previous antimicrobial, anticancer and cytotoxic activities, no bioactivities had been reported for lamellicolic anhydride to date [45]; (2) cladophorol A, isolated from the green alga Cladophora socialis and showed antibacterial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with an EC 50 value of 0.7 µg/mL [46]. The majority Cladophora species are distributed throughout the world, are very common and occur almost everywhere: in lakes, dam reservoirs, large rivers and in the coastal littoral zone [47]. In C 14 H 10 O 6 , antibacterial activitiy was reported for juglomicin A, isolated from Streptomyces sp., against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [48,49]. ...
... Interestingly, the molecular weights were at the upper measurement limit, ranging from 856 to 995 Da. Having a deeper look at the five most intense molecular formulae, namely C 47 O 19 , no hints of antibacterial potential were found to date. In case of longer molecules, it is expected that the chance of finding any hits falls off dramatically [58]. ...
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occupies a huge and uncharted molecular space. Given its properties, DOM can be presented as a promising biotechnological resource. However, research into bioactivities of DOM is still in early stages. In this study, the biotechnological potential of terrestrial and marine DOM, its molecular composition and their relationships are investigated. Samples were screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was detected against Staphylococcus aureus in almost all DOM samples, with freshwater DOM showing the lowest IC 50 values. Most samples also inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis , and four DOM extracts showed up to fourfold higher potency than the reference drug. Antifungal activity was limited to only porewater DOM towards human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum . No significant in vitro anticancer activity was observed. Low antioxidant potential was exerted. The molecular characterization by FT-ICR MS allowed a broad compositional overview. Three main distinguished groups have been identified by PCoA analyses. Antibacterial activities are related to high aromaticity content and highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-poor). Antifungal effect is correlated with highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-rich). Antioxidant activity is positively related to the presence of double bonds and polyphenols. This study evidenced for the first time antibacterial and antifungal activity in DOM with potential applications in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industry. The lack of cytotoxicity and the almost unlimited presence of this organic material may open new avenues in future marine bioprospecting efforts.
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