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Marchandiomyces lignicola (holotype). (A) Sclerotia in optical section (in Congo red). (B) Sclerotia, surface view (in LCB, the stain only penetrated the external cells of the sclerotium). (C) Squash preparation of sclerotia (in Congo red, with phase contrast). (D) Squash preparation of sclerotia (in LCB). Bars: A, B and D = 20 m m ; C = 10 m m.
Source publication
The anamorphic basidiomycete genus Marchandiomyces presently includes two common lichenicolous (lichen-inhabiting) species, M. corallinus and M. aurantiacus (teleomorph Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum). We describe here a new species, M. lignicola sp. nov., that is similar to M. corallinus in the colour of its sclerotia, but differs in having a wood...
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Citations
... Since the abundance of the unidentified Heliotiales was insignificant in the untreated material and negative control, it is believed that its growth was particularity favored by the conditions in the fungal pretreated samples, possibly the feedstock composition changes caused by C. subvermispora. In the case of Marchandiomyces (a basidiomycete), one common species of this genus is M. lignicola, a woodinhabiting lignicolous fungus (Depriest et al. 2005). However, it is uncertain if this was the fungal species detected, and how it could have affected the delignification during the fungal pretreatment or its interaction with C. subvermispora. ...
A sequential fungal pretreatment of Miscanthus × giganteus was conducted by mixing unsterilized Miscanthus with material previously colonized with the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. For three generations, each generation started with inoculation by mixing unsterilized fresh Miscanthus with end material from the previous generation and ended after 28 days of incubation at 28 °C. After the first generation, the cellulose digestibility of the material doubled, compared to that of the unsterilized Miscanthus, but the second and third generations showed no enhancements in cellulose digestibility. Furthermore, high degradation of Miscanthus structural carbohydrates occurred during the first generation. A microbial community study showed that, even though the fungal community of the material previously colonized by C. subvermispora was composed mainly of this fungus (> 99%), by the first generation its relative abundance was down to only 9%, and other microbes had prevailed. Additionally, changes in the bacterial community occurred that might be associated with unwanted cellulose degradation in the system. This reiterates the necessity of feedstock microbial load reduction for the stability and reproducibility of fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
Key points
• Sequential fungal pretreatment of unsterilized Miscanthus was unsuccessful.
• Feedstock changes with white-rot fungi favored the growth of other microorganisms.
• Feedstock microbial reduction is necessary for pretreatment with C. subvermispora.
... Corticium erikssonii), supposed to function as diaspore for dispersal. The same structures, called "sclerotia, " have been shown for some bulbil-forming Corticiaceae members, e.g., by DePriest et al. (2005) for M. lignicola Lawrey and Diederich. Duhem (2011) provided notes and illustrations on specimens of this species, with an attempt to identify them at genus level. ...
... The analyses of character state reconstruction strongly suggested saprotrophy as the ancestral mode of nutrition in this family, while parasitism and lichenicolous habits are the results of more recent transitions. Based on phylogeny, DePriest et al. (2005) and Lawrey et al. (2008) had speculated the lignicolous habit to be an ancestral feature in Marchandiomyces, while our evolutionary analyses clearly show this for the entire family. Parasitic taxa of the Corticiaceae were recently discussed by Jayawardena et al. (2019), and lichenicolous taxa are discussed in the following. ...
... Marchandiomyces is known to encompass bulbil-forming, lichenicolous, and lignicolous species (Diederich, 1990;DePriest et al., 2005;Diederich and Lawrey, 2007). The corticioid species Corticium quercicola was shown by Ghobad-Nejhad et al. (2010, as Marchandiopsis quercina) to be closely related to Marchandiomyces, and was eventually transferred to the genus by Hawksworth and Henrici (2015). ...
Corticiaceae is one of the traditional families of the Agaricomycetes and served for a long time as a convenient placement for basidiomycetes with a resupinate, corticioid form of fruiting body. Molecular studies have helped to assign many corticioid fungi to diverse families and orders; however, Corticiaceae still lacks a phylogenetic characterization and modern circumscription. Here, we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of the family Corticiaceae based on extensive type studies and sequences of nLSU, ITS, IGS, nSSU, and mtSSU regions. Our analyses support the recognition of ten monophyletic genera in the Corticiaceae, and show that nutritional mode is not a robust basis for generic delimitations in the family. The genus Mycobernardia and the species Corticium thailandicum, Erythricium vernum, and Marchandiomyces allantosporus are described as new to science, and five new combinations are proposed. Moreover, ancestral character state reconstruction revealed that saprotrophy is the plesiomorphic nutritional mode in the Corticiaceae, while several transitions have occurred to diverse nutritional modes in this family. Identification keys are provided to the genera in Corticiaceae s.s. as well as to the species in Corticium, Erythricium, Laetisaria, and Marchandiomyces.
... In the study by DePriest et al. (2005), Waitea was placed in the Corticiales and this classification was later confirmed by other researchers (Larsson 2007, Lawrey et al. 2008, Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010, Diederich et al. 2018, He et al. 2019. Ghobad-Nejhad et al. (2010) showed that Waitea was in the Corticiaceae s.s. ...
The new corticioid species Waitea guianensis was described and illustrated from French Guiana, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It was characterized by thin, resupinate basidiomata on wood, isodiametric subhymenial hyphae, lack of clamps, tetrasporic clavate basidia with median constriction, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Ex-holotype DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal regions ITS, nLSU, and nSSU were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a close relationship of the new species to Waitea circinata. In addition, the new combination Waitea arvalis is proposed, based on Laetisaria arvalis. The monotypic genus Disporotrichum is revealed to belong in the Corticiales, Corticiaceae. A key to the accepted species in Waitea is provided.
Key words: Corticiaceae, Laetisaria, phylogeny, noetropic fungi, phytopathogens
... Yeasts are essential in ecological processes involving mineralization of organic matter (Botha, 2011). The tree root zone incorporated as well Marchandiomyces whose several species are lignicolous (DePriest et al., 2005;Lawrey et al., 2008), and saprotrophic genera such as Ochroconis (Gams, 2015) and Typhula (Shiryaev and Kotiranta, 2007) which participate in breaking down of complex organic molecules. Our findings agree with the previously reported ectomycorrhizal status of oaks (Herrmann and Buscot, 2007) and the tree ability to interact with large microbial communities which assist in nutrients acquisition (Jumpponen and Jones, 2009;Tarkka et al., 2013). ...
Tree roots attract their associated microbial partners from the local soil community. Accordingly, tree root-associated microbial communities are shaped by both the host tree and local environmental variables. To rationally compare the magnitude of environmental conditions and host tree impact, the “PhytOakmeter” project planted clonal oak saplings (Quercus robur L., clone DF159) as phytometers into different field sites that are within a close geographic space across the Central German lowland region. The PhytOakmeters were produced via micro-propagation to maintain their genetic identity. The current study analyzed the microbial communities in the PhytOakmeter root zone vs. the tree root-free zone of soil two years after out-planting the trees. Soil DNA was extracted, 16S and ITS2 genes were respectively amplified for bacteria and fungi, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. The obtained microbial communities were analyzed in relation to soil chemistry and weather data as environmental conditions, and the host tree growth. Although microbial diversity in soils of the tree root zone was similar among the field sites, the community structure was site-specific. Likewise, within respective sites, the microbial diversity between PhytOakmeter root and root-free zones was comparable. The number of microbial species exclusive to either zone, however, was higher in the host tree root zone than in the tree root-free zone. PhytOakmeter “core” and “site-specific” microbiomes were identified and attributed to the host tree selection effect and/or to the ambient conditions of the sites, respectively. The identified PhytOakmeter root zone-associated microbiome predominantly included ectomycorrhizal fungi, yeasts and saprotrophs. Soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil temperature were significantly correlated with the microbial diversity and/or community structure. Although the host tree contributed to shape the soil microbial communities, its effect was surpassed by the impact of environmental factors. The current study helps to understand site-specific microbe recruitment processes by young host trees.
... by molecular inference. The also sclerotia-forming Marchandiomyces lignicola Lawrey and Diederich was shown to be closely related to G. incrustans and V. comedens when comparing DNA from the small and large subunit repeat including ITS (DePriest et al. 2005). Because of the very cryptic appearance of the basidiomata of the here-discussed bifurcate spored Galzinia species, it is necessary to recollect fresh material to get successful DNA isolations for a molecular hypothesis. ...
A new species of Galzinia (Basidiomycota, Corticiaceae s. str.) with bifurcate basidiospores is described. Galzinia oberwinkleri was found on the roots of a young orchid in a mountain rain forest in Ecuador. It is characterized by very tiny resupinate, mucous-gelatinous, and watery basidiomata with very large basidia and basidiospores that are bifurcate. A key for corticioid species with bifurcate basidiospores and illustrations of their microanatomy are presented. © 2019, German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
... Roberts 1999). Eventually, the phylogenetic placement of Waitea in the corticioid clade (Corticiales) was established by DePriest et al. (2005). Subsequent division of Corticiales to three families confirmed that Waitea is nested within Corticiaceae (Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010). ...
This paper is the second in a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. It focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera: Alternaria, Bipolaris, Boeremia, Botryosphaeria, Calonectria, Coniella, Corticiaceae, Curvularia, Elsinoe, Entyloma, Erythricium, Fomitiporia, Fulviformes, Laetisaria, Limonomyces, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, Phellinotus, Phyllosticta, Plenodomus, Pseudopyricularia, Tilletia, Venturia and Waitea, using recent molecular data, up to date names and the latest taxonomic insights. For each genus a taxonomic background, diversity aspects, species identification and classification based on molecular phylogeny and recommended genetic markers are provided. In this study, varieties of the genus Boeremia have been elevated to species level. Botryosphaeria, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Neofusicoccum and Phyllosticta that were included in the One Stop Shop 1 paper are provided with updated entries, as many new species have been introduced to these genera.
... In addition to our newly generated sequence (GenBank accession: Corticium sp. ITS and nuLSU: MH520061), we included sequences used in earlier analyses of the Corticiales (Sikaroodi et al. 2001;DePriest et al. 2005;Lawrey et al. 2007Lawrey et al. , 2008Ghobad-Nejhad & Hallenberg 2011;Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010) and those from a broad range of taxa representing recognized clades in the Corticium clade (Langer 2002;Larson 2004;Binder et al. 2005;Hibbett et al. 2007Hibbett et al. , 2014Larson et al. 2007;Diederich et al. 2011). We had difficulty aligning ITS sequences available in GenBank, so we trimmed our sequence to include only the nuLSU and used only published nuLSU sequences from Gen-Bank in our analyses. ...
The new lichenicolous fungus, Corticium silviae Diederich, E.Zimm. & Lawrey is
described from Switzerland, where it grows on Thamnolia. Phylogenetic results also suggest that Limonomyces should best be regarded as a synonym of Laetisaria, a genus that has a sister position to Marchandiomyces. The following new combinations are proposed: Laetisaria buckii (Diederich & Lawrey) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad (= Marchandiomyces buckii), L. culmigena (R.K.Webster & D.A.Reid) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad (= Exobasidiellum culmigenum), L. marsonii (Diederich & Lawrey) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad (= M. marsonii), L. nothofagicola (Diederich & Lawrey) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad (= M. nothofagicola), L. roseipellis (Stalpers & Loer.) Diederich, Lawrey & Ghobad-Nejhad (= Limonomyces roseipellis).
Available at: https://www.snl.lu/publications-wp/bulletins-depuis-1891-pdf/?modus=articles&issue=120
... Most of the sapwood endophytes are closely related to known wood-decay species, suggesting that the endophytes may exist as latent saprotrophs. Other ecological associations of Agaricomycetes that have received significant attention recently include lichenized and lichenicolous forms (DePriest et al. 2005;Diederich et al. 2011;Diederich and Lawrey 2007;Lawrey et al. 2007) and insect symbionts (Aanen et al. 2002;Mueller et al. 2005;Nobre et al. 2011;Slippers et al. 2003). The latter group includes Fibulorhizoctonia (Atheliales), which produces sclerotia that mimic the eggs of its termite symbionts (Matsuura 2006;Matsuura et al. 2009). ...
... Systematics: the monophyly of Corticiales is strongly supported by molecular phylogenies, mostly based on rRNA gene sequences (Binder et al. 2005;Boidin et al. 1998;DePriest et al. 2005;Diederich et al. 2011;Hibbett et al. 2007;Langer 2002;Larsson 2007b;Larsson et al. 2004;Lawrey et al. 2008). The sister group of Corticiales seems, on the basis of many of these studies, to be the order Gloeophyllales. ...
Agaricomycetes includes ca. 21,000 described species of mushroom-forming fungi that function as decayers, pathogens, and mutualists in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The morphological diversity of Agaricomycete fruiting bodies is unparalleled in any other group of fungi, ranging from simple corticioid forms to complex, developmentally integrated forms (e.g., stinkhorns). In recent years, understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and biodiversity of Agaricomycetes has advanced dramatically, through a combination of polymerase chain reaction-based multilocus phylogenetics, phylogenomics, and molecular environmental surveys. Agaricomycetes is strongly supported as a clade and includes several groups formerly regarded as Heterobasidiomycetes, namely the Auriculariales, Sebacinales, and certain Cantharellales (Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae). The Agaricomycetes can be divided into 20 mutually exclusive clades that have been treated as orders. This chapter presents an overview of the phylogenetic diversity of Agaricomycetes, emphasizing recent molecular phylogenetic studies.
... Asexual forms (anamorphs), named separately by convention in mycology, have only recently been recognized in the Corticiales and assigned with certainty to the group. Members of the order have a wide range of nutritional ecologies, including mutualistic and pathogenic forms as well 91 T. Prameela Debi and Others :51(1) April, 2013] as lignicolous saprobes (Diederich et al.,2003;Binder et al.,2005;dePriest et al.,2005;Lawrey et al.,2007). ...
A new genus, Capillosclerotium, is proposed and described from the Stem rot of Cluster Bean (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba, Fam. Papilionaceae) from India based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences. The new fungus was differentiated from other related genera by having straw coloured, septate, thin and scanty mycelium with clamp connections; absence of monillioid cells; and golden yellow to orange, globose, 1 to 5 mm in diameter, long hairy, soft sclerotia with rind and medulla. The phylogenetic relationship of the basidiomycete genus Capillosclerotium with hairy sclerotia Was assessed by ribosomal DNA sequences of ITS1 and 2 regions using maximum parsimony and Maximum Composite Likelihood analyses. This new genus formed a distinct monophyletic group from other related genera viz. Macrophomina, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Sclerotinia and Waitea positioned in the order Corticiales. This fungus is illustrated at the light microscope and compared with other morphologically related taxa and is proposed with Capillosclerotium indicum as the type species.
... Each isolate was cultured in a flask containing 50 mL of potato dextrose broth (BD/Difco, Sparks, MD) for seven days, and then rinsed with two volumes of sdH 2 O. DNA was extracted from the mycelium by using a CTAB protocol (DePriest et al., 2005) with RNase treatment. The quality of the purified DNA was evaluated by PCR amplification with primers ITS 4 and 5 (White et al., 1990). ...
Root rot, caused by Fusarium avenaceum (teleomorph: Gibberella avenacea), is an important disease of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and other crops in western Canada. Fusarium isolates collected from infected roots of lupin in central Alberta were characterized using two RAPD primers, three microsatellite-primed PCR markers, diagnostic primers for putative mating type, sequence comparison of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF1α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and assessments of aggressiveness on lupin seedlings. The teleomorph phase of F. avenaceum has been reported only twice in the world, but both mating types were found throughout the province. Isolates of mating type 2 were slightly more aggressive than mating type 1 on five lupin cultivars. All 42 isolates of F. avenaceum assessed in this study had a unique multilocus genotype, which indicates a high level of genotypic diversity in the pathogen population. Cluster analysis did not reveal an association between the geographic location of the isolates and genetic relatedness based on genetic markers. Instead, the F. avenaceum isolates divided into two distinct groups, with isolates from both groups occurring together at many sites. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed high diversity and the presence of some European-like isolates within the Canadian pathogen population. The high genotypic diversity of isolates and the presence of both mating types across sites provide an indication that sexual reproduction may occur within populations of F. avenaceum in Alberta.
