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Marasmius is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi known to harbor a large diversity of species and morphological structures. To date, sections Globulares, Leveilleani, Marasmius, Neosessiles, and Sicci (traditional view) are confirmed in Marasmius s.s. This study focused on the taxa of Marasmius sect. Marasmius, with 18 species from the Atlantic Rainf...
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... The species are currently organized into a few accepted sections in Marasmius sensu stricto, with most of the species belonging to sects. Marasmius and Globulares (Tan et al. 2009, Wannathes et al. 2009, Antonín & Noordeloos 2010, Antonín et al. 2012, 2014a, Shay et al. 2017, Grace et al. 2019, Oliveira et al. 2020a, b, 2022. Marasmius sect. ...
... Marasmius sect. Marasmius includes most rhizomorph-forming species within the genus, nearly all of which produce small and thin marasmioid basidiomata (Singer 1976, 1986, Koch et al. 2020, Oliveira et al. 2020a. The best-known species is M. crinis-equi, which is also the most common causal agent of horse hair blight (HHB) (Seaver 1944, Singer 1986, Skaria et al. 2000, Dassanayake et al. 2009, Amoako-Attah et al. 2020. ...
... Forward and reverse reads were assembled into consensus sequences in Geneious v. R7. Based on Oliveira et al. (2020a) combined with Koch et al. (2020), the ingroup of Dataset 1 included species belonging to Marasmius sect. Marasmius (Singer 1976, 1986, Desjardin 1989, Antonín 2007, Tan et al. 2009, Wannathes et al. 2009, Antonín & Noordeloos 2010 with nrITS sequences produced in this study along with nrITS sequences from previous studies available in the NCBI GenBank database (Supplementary Table S1). ...
Rhizomorphs are hair- or wire-like melanized structures with structural differentiation analogous to plant roots that help fungi spread over an area and find food resources. Some species of multiple groups of the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota produce different types of rhizomorphs. In the Agaricales, the structures are largely found in Marasmiineae, particularly in the Omphalotaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Physalacriaceae. Many rhizomorph-forming species spread over the forest floor (ground level), while others form aerial litter-trapping rhizomorph systems that hang on living branches of the forest understorey. Here, we describe three new species that form aerial systems, two in Marasmius and one in Pusillomyces, all of which inhabit areas of the Amazon rainforest in Amazonas State, Brazil. Support for these new species is based on evidence derived from morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) markers. Marasmius foliauceps sp. nov., with a pileipellis made up of Rotalis-type broom cells, is different from all other species described to date and branched along with species of the monophyletic Marasmius sect. Marasmius subsect. Marasmius, being conspecific with specimens from Guyana. Also different from all other described Marasmius species, Marasmius arachnotropus sp. nov. has a pileipellis mostly composed of Siccus-type but in transition to Rotalis-type broom cells and branched along with species of the Marasmius crinis-equi species complex. Pusillomyces cuieirasensis is morphologically very similar to Pusillomyces manuripioides to which it is sister, but it has a non-umbonate pileus and smaller basidiospores. They all form aerial litter-trapping rhizomorph systems that mimic spider webs, particularly those hanging on the understorey. Whether made of mycelia or silk, such webs serve to capture food. The aerial rhizomorph-forming ‘spider fungi’ make up a guild with hidden species diversity in tropical systems.
... 3,4 Other sections from the traditional classification, such as Androsacei, Alliacei, Epiphylli, and Hygrometrici, have been accommodated outside Marasmius s.s., while sections Fusicystides, Inaequales, and Scotophysini have not been yet molecularly studied. [5][6][7][8] The great majority of species of Marasmius are decomposers of leaves and twigs in natural ecosystems, but some species can be pathogenic in agricultural settings, such as the cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroecosystem. 9-11 Cacao can get infected by several species of Marasmius, including M. crinis-equi (sect. ...
The thread blight disease (TBD) of cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) in the department of Amazonas, Peru was recently reported to be caused by Marasmius tenuissimus (sect. Neosessiles). This same species is known to be the main causal agent of TBD in West Africa. However, some morphological characteristics, such as the presence of rhizomorphs, the almost exclusively white color, and pileus sizes less than 5 mm, among others, differ to the description of M. tenuissimus. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a taxonomic revision of the cacao-TBD causal agent in Peru, by using thorough micro and macro morphological, phylogenetic, and nuclear and mitochondrial genomic approaches. We showed that the causal agent of TBD of cacao in Amazonas, Peru, belongs to a new species, Marasmius infestans sp. nov. This study enriches our knowledge of species in the sect. Neosessiles, and strongly suggests that the M. tenuissimus species complex is highly diverse.
... Marasmius has a long and complex taxonomic history, which has been well summarized by Wannathes et al. (2009) andde Oliveira et al. (2020). To date, five sections, viz., Marasmius, Globulares, Leveilleani, Neosessiles and Sicci, have been confirmed and accepted by the majority of modern mycologists (Wilson & Desjardin 2005;Tan et al. 2009;Antonín & Noordeloos 2010;Kiyashko et al. 2014). ...
... Marasmius sect. Marasmius is a large, complex section, and is characterized by small marasmioid basidiomata, collariate lamellae, a wiry and insititious stipe, and dextrinoid or inamyloid trama (Singer 1976(Singer , 1986Desjardin 1989;Antonín 1991Antonín , 2007de Oliveira et al. 2020). However, it is worth noting that some species, such as M. rosulatus Desjardin & R.H. Petersen (1989: 277) in sect. ...
... Marasmius was divided into three subsections, viz., subsect. Horriduli, Marasmius and Sicciformes (we here abbreviate these subsections by MH, MM, MS respectively), based on morphological characters and molecular evidence (Singer 1986(Singer , 1989de Oliveira et al. 2020). ...
Marasmius yunnanensis, a new species belonging to Marasmius section Marasmius, was found in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is characterized by its minute basidiomata, a conchoidal, reniform to semicircular pileus, a short to inconspicuous stipe, complete or incomplete collarium, Rotalis-type and smooth cheilocystidia and pileipellis cells, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 5–6.2 μm. It is described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa according to morphological and molecular data.
... Marasmius is distributed worldwide, but mainly in tropical habitats (Desjardin 1989;Lodge et al. 1995). In the twentieth century, over 500 species were reported and globally extensive studies have resulted in over 180 new species of Marasmius over the past two decades (Kirk et al. 2001;Grace et al. 2019;He et al. 2019;de Oliveira et al. 2020;Oliveira et al. 2020). These studies were mostly based on molecular-based taxonomy and systematics to discover Marasmius' biodiversity. ...
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly
uncertain, ranging from 1.5 to 12 million, but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date. Since
the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification, the number of newly described taxa has increased from
approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly. This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distinguish species, especially cryptic species. Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied
regions and habitats, but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species. In this paper, we examine 16
genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in
each genus. The genera treated herein are Cercospora, Diaporthe, Meliola, Passalora, Phyllachora, Phyllosticta, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia (ascomycetes) and Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Marasmius, Psathyrella, Puccinia, Russula, Uromyces
(basidiomycetes). We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number
of entries in GenBank. We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata, Candolleomyces thailandensis, Cortinarius
acutoproximus, Cortinarius melleoalbus, Cortinarius pacificus, Cortinarius parvoacetosus, Diaporthe guizhouensis, Entoloma
pseudosubcorvinum, Inocybe meirensongia, Marasmius albulus, Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus, Meliola camporesii, Phyllachora siamensis, Phyllosticta doitungensis, Picipes yuxiensis, Pseudocercospora vignae, Puccinia maureanui and Russula
inornata. We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis. We discuss the
genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose, but do not occur in the top 40. We hypothesize whether there might be
more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
... The genus comprises about 600 worldwide known species, most of them saprophytic (He et al. 2019, Wijayawardene et al. 2020, and recent studies referred 49 taxa, mostly from Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (e.g. Oliveira et al. 2014Oliveira et al. , 2020aOliveira et al. , 2020b. The genus is considered a key component in the tropical mycobiota, due to the importance in decomposing leaf litter in forest by the networks of rhizomorphs that facilitate the trap litter (Lodge & Cantrell 1995), and plays an important role in the nutrient cycle (Braga-Neto et al. 2008). ...
Brazil has a rich biodiversity, but many species remain to be discovered, studied and cataloged. In the Paraíba State, taxonomy studies on agaric fungi are still infrequent. Thus, this present work carried out a bibliographic review of fungal species belonging to orders Agaricales, Boletales, Cantharellales Gomphales and Russulales from the Paraíba State previously described or mentioned, because the knowledge about the fungal diversity in the region still remain disaggregated and poorly known. Thus, we organize and present information about the geographic distribution of the taxa in this checklist format. For the compilation of the results, for each species we present the published herbarium numbers and their respective citations. As results, we found 79 taxa belonging 41 genera, 22 families and five orders occurring in areas of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. So, this review is extremely important for the dissemination of the valuation of the State’s biodiversity providing information about our Brazilian biomes.
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
The description of a new Mediterranean species, Coltricia insularis, is provided, on the basis of material collected in Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus and Spain
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses were performed on recently collected Marasmius specimens including specimens previously determined as Marasmius jalapensis in northern Argentina and Paraguay. A description of a new species for northern Argentina and Colombia and a new morphological delimitation of M. jalapensis with a more restricted distribution range are proposed. Marasmius tricystidiatus sp. nov. is characterised by its yellowish and slightly sulcate pileus, medium-sized basidiomata, setae in all tissues and cheilocystidia of three types, viz., Siccus-type broom cells, cheilosetae, and transitional elements; M. jalapensis, the closest species, is similar in pileus coloration and presence of setoid cystidia in all tissues, but mainly differs in having only cheilosetae and broader basidiospores on average. Both species are closely related and belong to sect. Globulares subsect. Leonini, but the relationships within the latter still must be resolved.
