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Mapping of IEEE 802.1D user priorities to IEEE 802.11e access categories and IEEE 802.11aa transmit queues
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Two amendments to IEEE 802.11 have recently been published: 802.11aa and 802.11ae. Both enhance Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Wi-Fi networks by providing support for multicast transmission, enhanced audio video streaming, coping with inter-network interference, and improved prioritization of management frames. The proposed solutions eith...
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... [9] and 802.11ae [10]. Thanks to this tutorial, researchers and engineers will be able to easily understand the new mechanisms (Sections 3 and 4) as well as become familiar with the areas left open by the amendments (Section 5). Therefore, they will be able to provide new scientific contributions in the area of QoS provisioning in Wi-Fi networks. Table 1 Main challenges addressed by IEEE 802.11aa and IEEE 802.11ae Area Challenge in current 802.11 networks Solution Amendment Described in Multicast Lack of reliable and scalable mechanism Groupcast with The rest of this tutorial is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe existing QoS mechanisms standardized within 802.11e and 802.11s. In Sections 3 and 4, we present the new QoS solutions introduced in the recently published amendments (802.11aa and 802.11ae, respectively). For each new solution, we explain the motivation for ...
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... latter mechanism (EDCA) employs four Access Categories (ACs) that are mapped into four separate queues. Frames are classified into these categories according to their IEEE 802.1D [12] user priority (Table 2). Each AC contends for the medium using the same rules but employs different channel access parameters. ...
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... queues are derived from the IEEE 802.1D user priorities [12] as shown in Table 2 3 . The transmit queues are mapped to four independent EDCA functions ( Figure 3). ...
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... At the same time, the widespread diffusion of mobile devices with diverse networking and multimedia capabilities, as well as the wide adoption of advanced multimedia applications, is fuelling the growth of mobile video traffic, which was already more than half of the global mobile data traffic by the end of 2013 [15]. Thus, WLANs need specific functions to cope with various multimedia applications, including real-time interactive audio and video, or streaming live/stored audio and video [16]. Finally, new regulations for the unlicensed usage of TV white spaces are offering new opportunities for additional spectrum utilisation, which can be particularly useful to improve rural coverage of WLANs [17]. ...
... A complete overview of the wealth of amendments that have been accepted or were in the process of being standardised before 2010 is provided in [1]. More recently, other surveys have given detailed consideration to specific amendments (e.g., IEEE 802.11s [19]), or classes of similar amendments [16,20,11]. ...
... Specifically, IEEE 802.11aa addresses the following five shortcomings of previous 802.11 standards [66,16]: ...
new generation of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) will make its appearance in the market in the forthcoming years based on the amendments to the IEEE 802.11 standards that have recently been approved or are under development. Examples of the most expected ones are IEEE 802.11aa (Robust Audio Video Transport Streaming), IEEE 802.11ac (Very-high throughput at < 6 GHz), IEEE 802.11af (TV White Spaces) and IEEE 802.11ah (Machine-to-Machine communications) specifications. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of these novel technical features and the related open technical challenges that will drive the future WLAN evolution. In contrast to other IEEE 802.11 surveys, this is a use case oriented study. Specifically, we first describe the three key scenarios in which next-generation WLANs will have to operate. We then review the most relevant amendments for each of these use cases focusing on the additional functionalities and the new technologies they include, such as multi-user MIMO techniques, groupcast communications, dynamic channel bonding, spectrum databases and channel sensing, enhanced power saving mechanisms and efficient small data transmissions. We also discuss the related work to highlight the key issues that must still be addressed. Finally, we review emerging trends that can influence the design of future WLANs, with special focus on software-defined MACs and the internet-working with cellular systems.
... We provide a heuristic scheduling scheme to distribute frame slots among users according to the aforementioned QoS requirements to support these service requirements. The QoS categories are adopted from the categories mentioned in the IEEE 802.11 standards [34]. The video and voice streams are allocated more slots compared to the background, and the best effort traffics. ...
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... Outdated routing information may lead to loops and user data losses. Another example is dense deployment, where access points may reduce interference by coordinating transmissions in their networks with a sort of time division [2], [3], dynamic sensitivity control [4] or adaptive transmission power control [5] enabled by the novel IEEE 802.11ax amendment. Information dissemination is especially crucial for vehicular networks [6]. ...
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... Now-a-days IoT touches every industry across economic landscape from financial market, agriculture, healthcare, energy, retail, automotive etc. The service models are defined based on three factors: Interactive, Delay and Criticality [15]. The Open Service Model is interactive, non-real time and non-mission-critical. ...
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... According to Kosek-Szott et al. [21] the most relevant shortcomings of the last published IEEE 802.11 standard version [2] are the lack of mechanisms for the prioritisation of different audio video streams belonging to the same access category (AC). This is a problem of inter-network interference caused by highdensity WLAN environments and the large number of management frame types. ...
... Load and interference information are distributed in a QLoad report, which are ignored by legacy APs. The IEEE 802.11ae amendment presents a solution to prioritise management frames, where the QoS management service provides a mapping between the management frame types/subtypes and the EDCA Access Categories [21]. ...
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... Wireless Local Area network (WLAN) has been in strong and growing demand since the early 1990s [1] [2] [3] and remains the preferred network access while being widely used [4]. This is due to the low deployment costs, flexibility, and ease of setup that provides an excellent means for generic networking. ...
... In 802.11e EDCA mechanisms, there is a lack of prioritization of the different AV streams that belong to the same Access Category (AC) [26]. In the case of video transmission, there may be a need to transmit more than one video stream with different performance requirements, such as video conferencing, which is more sensitive to delays and jitters than video streaming. ...
... In addition, in the presence of multiple video streams, the AC_VI CW is too small, resulting in a higher collision probability and, consequently, retransmission and throughput degradation [20]. In addition, 802.11e does not define a transmission mechanism multicast streams to improve reliability [26]. The additions to 802.11aa that overcome these shortcomings of 802.11e ...
... Immediate BA is suitable for high-bandwidth, low-latency traffic, whereas delayed BA is suitable for applications that tolerate moderate latency. If all recipients are requesting BA, long transmission delays may occur that are not appropriate for specific applications (e.g., real-time multimedia streaming) due to strict QoS requirements, especially when the number of group cast recipients is large [26], [32]. ...
The amendment of Medium Access Control (MAC) in 802.11 has been published as the 802.11aa standard. The new standard enhances the Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for robust Audio-Video (AV) streaming in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The 802.11aa standard is mainly an extension of the 802.11e, 802.11n and 802.11v standards. In this survey, we describe the mechanisms of MAC in 802.11aa in greater detail. The interworkings of the different network technologies of QoS WLAN and Ethernet are explained. We add mechanisms from the 802.1Q standard to complement 802.11aa regarding the Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) and Strict Priority Algorithm (SPA) to provide a complete vision of the standard. Research challenges include incorporating a wide range of mechanisms in the 802.1Q wireline standard in the 802.11aa wireless standard. To enhance the interworking of the 802.1Q and 802.11aa standards, we propose to unify three mechanisms: the maps Access Categories (ACs), the transmit access queues and Transmission Selection Algorithm (TSA). This survey provides necessary guidelines for researchers and designers to implement future WLAN 802.11aa with an emphasis on the requirements for robust AV streaming.
... Outdated routing information may lead to loops and user data losses. Another example is dense deployment, where access points may reduce interference by coordinating transmissions in their networks with a sort of time division [2], [3], dynamic sensitivity control [4] or adaptive transmission power control [5] enabled by the novel IEEE 802.11ax amendment. Information dissemination is especially crucial for vehicular networks [6]. ...
... The only inter-BSS interference coordination in Wi-Fi standards, named OBSS Management, was introduced with IEEE 802.11aa (11aa) in 2012. It also reinforces this same concept of BSS exclusive channel access [20]. The OBSS Management proposes a mechanism for (a) quantifying the load and interference status of each BSS, (b) signaling this information to neighbor OBSSs, and (c) performing channel selection and cooperative resource sharing on the basis of such information. ...
Unlicensed spectrum is increasingly being used by mobile operators to meet the mobile traffic demand, and Wi-Fi is foreseen as one of the technologies for implementing mobile traffic offloading. However, Wi-Fi efficiency does not scale well as node density increases, and IEEE 802.11ax Task Group (TGax) was created in 2014 for developing Wi-Fi technology enhancements in dense deployments. This paper investigates Wi-Fi performance in the presence of Overlapping Basic Subscriber Set (OBSS) Wi-Fi networks in indoor dense deployments. We observe that Wi-Fi could benefit from scheduled operation with proper OBSS interference coordination. We propose a novel distributed interference coordination scheme for Wi-Fi scheduled mode operation, and evaluate it through system-level simulations. Results indicate that the proposed scheme provides significant improvements over Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) for downlink (DL) traffic.
