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The current study set out to investigate patterns of loanwords in a sample of 1,460 lexical meanings in the Finnish lexicon by means of quantitative methods. The methodology used was borrowed from the Loanword Typology project (Haspelmath & Tadmor 2009a), and consisted of a template including various fields, where information about each lexical ite...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Uralic language family consists of some 30-40 languages (slightly more than the average language family), is relatively small by number of speakers, but is one of the largest ones when it comes to geographical extension (Janhunen 2009:59). Figure 3 shows focal points representing the current geographical locations of the Uralic languages, colour coded according to subgroup (map from Hammarström, Bank, Forkel & Haspelmath (2018)). ...
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Citations
... D) Division by gender of the relative. E) Division to precise vs. extended kin categories. 2 X X D Maltese (Matras 2009, Stolz 2003 Domari (Matras 2009) Finnish (Kulonen 1999, Cronhamn 2018 Veps ( *borrowings also in other kin categories than those included here and/or have prefixes/suffixes with naƟve language (Nahuatl) ...
The universality of kinship terms means they are regarded, like much basic vocabulary, as resistant to borrowing. Kin term borrowings are documented at varying frequencies, but their role in the dynamics of change in this core social domain is understudied. We investigated the dimensions and the sociolinguistic contexts of kinship borrowings with 50 kinship categories from a global sample of 32 languages, a subset extracted from the World Loanword Database. We found that more borrowings take place in affinal kin categories and in generations denoting relatives older than ego. Close kin categories also have borrowings, but the borrowed items usually coexist with other, presumably non-borrowed variants. Colonisation and the spread of cultures and religions were main inducing forces for kin term borrowings; new terms often enter a language via bilingualism. These tentative patterns can be studied further with larger datasets in future systematic studies of kinship borrowings.
Loanwords carry information on linguistic interactions, and can also reveal (pre-)historical population contacts. The contact history of a particular language family is an essential component of historical linguistics, but it is also illuminating for integrative studies of the human past. However, data availability and the time-consuming nature of etymology mean that comprehensive research on loanword layers exists for relatively few languages, forcing us to rely on limited material for others. This paper compares the loanword layers in the basic and total vocabulary of six well-studied Uralic languages, assessing how accurately the borrowing profile in basic vocabulary reflects the full profile of a language. We define “borrowing profile” as the known contact history of a language reflected by its loanword layers. We demonstrate that the loanword layers in basic vocabulary provide an adequate cross-section of the full borrowing profile, although basic vocabulary manifests prehistoric contacts more strongly than more recent contacts.
