Fig 7 - uploaded by Omar Elfigih
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Map showing the location of Etna Volcano on the east coast of Sicily and CampiFlegrei Delmar di Sicilia Volcano on the south of Sicily (modified after Mediterranean_Sea_location_map.svg, 2016).
Source publication
Fragments of pumice of various sizes and roundness were found mixed with recent coastal sediments of calcareous sand, calcareous granules, and shells in At Tariyah coast southwest of Benghazi, and in the coastal area of Qasr-Libya, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, northeastern Libya. The source area for the pumice fragments appears to be the active volcanic reg...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... coastal regions of Libya represents an extraordinary geologic occurrence that is worth to be discussed in regards to the source area and transportation mechanism. The active volcanic regions of southern Italy; such as Etna volcano of eastern Sicily and the submarine volcano is known as the CampiFlegrei del Mar di Sicilia southern of Sicily (Fig. 7), occur at a distance of 1000 to 1500 km across the Mediterranean Sea and northwest from the Al Jabal Al Akhdar region; these volcanic regions are the most likely source of pumice deposited on the eastern coast of Libya. Eroded and/or fallen pumice blocks and fragments reaching the sea must have been transported by floating (as floating ...
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Citations
... Pyroclastic material could have reached the lacustrine environment by floating processes, and eventually sinking once the pores became saturated with water. As a result, they would look as though they had not been remobilised, since floating fragments can be transported for long distances and finally deposited without appreciable changes in size, roundness or shape (Elzouki & Elfigih, 2020). ...
This paper explores the response to Holocene ash inundation in different sub-environments of two fluvio-lacustrine systems, Las Piedritas and Totoral, focussing on the processes of volcaniclastic remobilisation. Sediment cores and outcrops were used to recognise three deposit types, noting how some differ from lahars, through sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis: (1) thick, laterally discontinuous, pumice-dominated deposits occur overlying alluvial plain and lower terrace surfaces across both watersheds; (2) chaotic, extremely poorly sorted and matrix-supported beds composed of both epiclastic and pyroclastic material occur as two conspicuous deposits at Las Piedritas outcrops, in a low-gradient confined channel setting; and (3) layers with an exclusively pyroclastic composition and no flow sedimentary structures or fragment roundness were found draping each of the two chaotic intervals and intercalating with the background sediment in Las Piedritas prodelta. Thick pumice packages capping the floodplains resulted from the overflow of streams carrying a floating pumice load. Due to its positive buoyancy, the pumice is transported as a slowly moving overlying mantle without mixing with the streamflow. The disorganised pattern and poor sorting of the matrix-rich polymictic beds are consistent with laminar, gravity-driven, high-concentration flows. They constitute secondary lahars, originating upstream from large run-off processes that reworked a pyroclastic substrate. The lack of reworking features in the vitric-rich units identified in the lake core retrieved from Las Piedritas prodelta, as well as the continuous and widespread occurrences of those interbedded in upstream outcrops, indicate an airfall origin. No reworked tephra unit is recognised in the prodelta sediment record, although various deposits from the hydrologic remobilisation of airfall tephra are found along the subaerial portion of both watersheds. Apparently, large amounts of flotation-remobilised tephra were retained on the delta plain, while another considerable fraction would have been carried away from the creek mouth under the influence of dominant regional winds.
... Libya lies within the subtropical range with receiving a great amount of solar radiation; therefore, there are high air temperatures. The average temperature is mostly 15-17 ºC in February and 25-28 ºC in summer (Elzouki and Elfigih 2020). Sea surface water temperature is strongly affected by seasonal air temperature variations. ...
