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This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were inte...
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Context 1
... study area is hugely made of four main hydrogeological classes which are important for determining groundwater recharge potential ( Figure 5). These are the Precambrian craton (B-L/M1), which are the shields in which the basement rock has cropped out at the surface and platforms. ...
Context 2
... there are two main hydrogeological features which determine the potential of the area for groundwater recharge, the Precambrian craton (B-L/M1) and the tertiary to quaternary unconsolidated materials (U-L/H). The latter (U-L/H) have very high potential while the former is very poor at influencing groundwater recharge through primary porosity and permeability ( Figure 5). There is also a small patch of tertiary to quaternary volcanic rocks (I-L/M) on the eastern side of the study area. ...
Context 3
... study area is hugely made of four main hydrogeological classes which are important for determining groundwater recharge potential ( Figure 5). These are the Precambrian craton (B-L/M1), which are the shields in which the basement rock has cropped out at the surface and platforms. ...
Context 4
... there are two main hydrogeological features which determine the potential of the area for groundwater recharge, the Precambrian craton (B-L/M1) and the tertiary to quaternary unconsolidated materials (U-L/H). The latter (U-L/H) have very high potential while the former is very poor at influencing groundwater recharge through primary porosity and permeability ( Figure 5). There is also a small patch of tertiary to quaternary volcanic rocks (I-L/M) on the eastern side of the study area. ...
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Citations
... Weighted overlay analysis is a simulation technique intended to construct a composite map by integrating the geometry and properties of all thematic layers in a GIS environment (Mussa et al. 2020). It is a multi-parametric ...
Water shortage has become a crucial problem in many regions of the world. The study has been conducted on the Taraphini river basin, situated at the plateau fringe in the western part of West Bengal, India. This is a hard rock region under a dry tropical sub-humid climate facing intense water shortages during dry seasons, increasing pressure on groundwater. Thus, the occurrence of groundwater becomes a concern. The groundwater potential regions are identified by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Influencing Factor (MIF) methods with an integrated Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System approach. Eight influencing factors- Geomorphology, Lineament density, Hydrogeology, Rainfall, Drainage density, Land use land cover, Slope and Soil types were analysed and assigned scores and weights according to their influence on groundwater and prepared two maps by integrating these factors in GIS system. The resultant groundwater potential maps are validated using groundwater level data of 50 groundwater wells in the region and the accuracy of the models is assessed through Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). The maps were divided into five classes. More than 55% of the area has very low and low groundwater potentiality, where, settlement is compact and developed in small patches and they practice rain-fed agriculture. Whereas, only 7% and 11% area of the region has very good and good groundwater potentiality, where, agriculture is irrigation-based and bigger and more compact settlements developed. The results of the study will benefit sustainable groundwater resource management in the hard rock region of the study area.
... Groundwater serves as a crucial water source for humans, ecosystems, and agricultural production in areas where surface water is scarce or unreliable (Lentswe and Molwalefhe 2020; Mussa et al. 2020). It also provides a reliable water source for irrigation to supplement surface water during dry periods to ensure a consistent water supply to crops. ...
... It also provides a reliable water source for irrigation to supplement surface water during dry periods to ensure a consistent water supply to crops. According to recent estimates, worldwide groundwater depletion is ~545 km 3 /year (Makonyo and Msabi 2021;Mussa et al. 2020). This trend is a cause for alarm, as it signals that humans are extracting and using more groundwater than is being replenished by natural processes. ...
The Great Ruaha River Catchment (GRC) in Tanzania is facing severe water scarcity due to the growing number of water users in the catchment. The surface-water resources are under stress, leading to increasing dependence on groundwater for water supply. This study aimed to identify and map groundwater potential areas in the GRC using a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing techniques, and analytic hierarchy process multi-criteria decision analysis (AHP MCDA) tools. The thematic maps representing lithology, lineaments density, precipitation, soil, slope, drainage density, geomorphology, and land use were used to create a groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) map by weighted linear combination (WCL). The results showed that 70% (~60,044 km2) of the catchment area is in zones with moderate groundwater potential, 21.9% (~18,720 km2) in high groundwater potential zones, and 7.87% (~6,726 km2) in low groundwater potential zones. These results highlight the catchment’s overall groundwater potential and identify areas with scarce resources that should be prioritized for protective measures. Watershed managers and policymakers can use this information to make informed decisions on groundwater use and protection, and determine suitable areas for new wells that may have greater yield.
... Weighted overlay analysis is an important simulation technique designed to create a composite map by integrating the geometry and features of each theme layer in a GIS environment (Mussa et al., 2020;Roy et al., 2022). Based on the MCDA concept, it is a multi-parametric method that enables users to integrate different raster layers for the final output (Roy et al., 2022). ...
Proper solid waste disposal is an important socioeconomic and environmental concern for all developing countries like Ethiopia. Due to a lack of proper disposal sites, infrastructure, and knowledge on suitable site selection, most cities/towns wrongly prefer water bodies, roadsides, and open areas as the best suitable for solid waste disposal. Such improper site selection will create morphological changes that lead to environmental hazards in the urban and surrounding areas. This study aims to identify suitable sites for solid waste disposal in Yirgalem town using the existing GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. Thematic layers of road and stream network, settlement, land cover, slope, view shade, dumping site, river, and soil type and soil depth were considered as primary criteria and weights for criteria, and sub-criteria were assigned by MCDA analysis. Then, each criterion is mapped using the GIS technique, and a suitability map is prepared by overlay analyses. The consistency ratio of 0.049405 which is <0.10 endorsed the accuracy of the pairwise comparison matrix. The results indicate that 29.06% of the study area is unsuitable for the solid waste disposal site. However, 35.47% of the study area was marginally suitable, 27.84% moderately suitable, and 7.63% of the area was highly suitable is preferable for the solid waste disposal site.
... This work proposes a method for weighted aquifer recharge using the potential groundwater recharge (PGR) map [33,34]. The weighted recharge considers recharge variations spatially depending on the characteristics of the area under study [35], processing and manipulating thematic layers in a geographic information system [30,[36][37][38][39]. The PGR map incorporates spatially distributed information: (i) drainage, (ii) precipitation, (iii) land use, (iv) geological faults, (v) soil type, (vi) slope, and (vii) hydrogeology [30,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ...
... The weighted recharge considers recharge variations spatially depending on the characteristics of the area under study [35], processing and manipulating thematic layers in a geographic information system [30,[36][37][38][39]. The PGR map incorporates spatially distributed information: (i) drainage, (ii) precipitation, (iii) land use, (iv) geological faults, (v) soil type, (vi) slope, and (vii) hydrogeology [30,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ...
... Weighted recharge comes from the map of potential groundwater recharge (PGR map [30,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The PGR map is made by weighting thematic layers, where the recharge behavior is interpreted according to the capacity of each layer. ...
Groundwater models serve the function of predicting and analyzing aquifer behavior. They require input information, such as hydrogeological parameters like hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient, which are used to calibrate the model, and elementary actions that include recharge and extracted volumes. There are cases in which it is insufficient to know the homogeneous recharge entering through the surface basin, referred to as traditional recharge, since, in many instances, the distribution is altered by changes in land use. For this reason, based on the geomorphological characteristics of the basin, weighting is proposed for sites with greater recharge capacity. The present work shows a solution to the recharge distribution using the potential groundwater recharge (PGR) map, which is formed by weighting spatially distributed information: (i) drainage, (ii) precipitation, (iii) land use, (iv) geological faults, (v) soil type, (vi) slope, and (vii) hydrogeology. A comparison is made between groundwater modeling using traditional recharge and PGR recharge. It is noted that the modeling perform similarly for both recharges, and the errors do not exceed 5% absolute error, which validates the model’s reliability. This manuscript demonstrates how to model and calibrate groundwater in aquifers with scarce information and variable recharge, making it reproducible.
... Consequently a particular weight for ordering can be based on hierarchy of different factors (Drobne and Lisec 2009;Eastman 1999Eastman , 2012. The detail application of OWA in conjunction with AHP can be referred from Malczewski et al. 2003;Mokarram et al. 2021 andMussa et al. 2020. The findings of their studies demonstrated ...
Groundwater depletion has recently become an issue of great concern, primarily due to its adverse impacts on urban sustainability. In the present study, sustainable groundwater recharge potential zones are identified using multi-criteria decision analysis for Jaipur in North-Western region of India. Jaipur is an important and populated metropolitan city located in the northwestern region of India. The city has drawn attention for the past decade as a water-stressed area owing to multiple climatic and anthropogenic factors. The study employs an approach to identify sustainable recharge potential zones, employing Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) along with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Weights are assigned to nine critical parameters, encompassing, projected rainfall, aquifer characteristics, lineament density, drainage density, soil type, slope and land-use projections. Notably, the focus on projected rainfall and land-use parameters adds a sustainable dimension to our investigation. The identified optimal Groundwater Recharge Potential Zone (GWRPZ) is further refined by superimposing stream order map, facilitating precise recharge well location. This technique proves invaluable for pinpointing optimal spots for groundwater recharge wells. The collaboration of AHP-OWA enriches the work, offering a nuanced understanding of groundwater dynamics and significantly improving decision making robustness. Thirteen specific locations have been identified as ideal sites for implementing groundwater recharge wells based on our findings. The study empowers policymakers and practitioners with a strategic tool. Implementing recharge wells in identified GWRPZ can replenish aquifers effectively. The study provides a tangible roadmap for effective and sustainable groundwater management practices.
... Worldwide, similar study in semi-arid region has been conducted utilizing GIS-based AHP techniques. In Tanzania, many researchers have used GIS-based AHP techniques to conduct groundwater studies ( Ally, 2018 ;Sangana et al., 2019 ;Mussa et al., 2020 ;Makonyo and Msabi, 2021 ). The AHP technique provides the possibility of the occurrence of inconsistency during the pairwise comparison matrix as well as makes it difficult for the decision maker to provide the rigorous preference of his first choice ( Cheng, 1997 ;Kahraman et al., 2003 ;Saaty and Tran, 2007 ;Das and Pal, 2019 ); the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) approach overcome the shortcomings of AHP techniques. ...
... Steep and very steep slopes, on the other hand, are unfavourable for recharge. As a result, lower the slope signifies high potential for groundwater recharge, whereas higher slope, advocates less groundwater recharge ( Mussa et al., 2020 ). Therefore, areas with the lowest slope amount from 0 to 5 degrees were ranked 51% influences, while areas with a gentle slope amount from 5.1 to 11 degrees were ranked 26% influences on groundwater recharge. ...
... According to Makonyo and Msabi (2021) , lithological unit and slope amount were the most influencing parameters while in this investigation, it was discovered that the most crucial governing factors in the area are magnetic intensity and lineament density. The findings of this research are also supported by previous studies ( Ally and Mayunga, 2019 ;Mussa et al., 2020 ) in central parts of Tanzania. The deviation from the findings of Makonyo and Msabi (2021) is because the study emanated from northern-eastern environment of Tanzania with Cenozoic volcanic rocks, Neoarchean, Kavirondian and Nyanzian supergroups as dominants lithological units, while this research originated from Basement Complex of Dodoman system consisting of highly metamorphosed of Archean sediments. ...
Groundwater is a very important resource for socio-economic development. The uncertainty of where potential groundwater resources is located often causes some groundwater development projects to fail. It is common for water resources development projects hitting dry wells after heavy investments of resources. In Mpwapwa District, borehole drilling locations are uncertain, determined by trial-and-error techniques based on geophysical survey methods that involve the study of the behaviour of rock and soil types in specific geological locations. To reduce such uncertainty, this study used remote sensing and GIS-based Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (F-AHP) to simulate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in Mpwapwa District, Dodoma region, Tanzania. The F-AHP model was used to reclassify, weight, and rank various thematic maps, including lithology, soil types, drainage density, lineament, magnetic intensity, slope and elevation. The overall GWPZ map was created by combining the seven (7) ranking thematic map layers in a GIS environment. The resulting GWPZ map that was then validated using two methods: overlaying method and area under the curve (AUC) method. The resulting GWPZ map shows that 19%, 31%, 28% and 22% of the area are classified as very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor zones, respectively. The accuracy of the generated map is 72% using the overlaying method and 93% using the AUC method.
... In this study, AHP algorithm and weight overlay analysis are employed to construct the groundwater potential zones (Bashe, 2017). Weighted overlay analysis is a model system that combines the geometry and attributes of all thematic layers in a GIS environment to create a composite map (Mussa et al. 2020). It is a multi-parametric technique that allows users to integrate multiple raster layers to obtain the final result. ...
... Weigh overlay analysis (WOA) is a simulation method used to generate a composite map by combining the geometry and attributes of various thematic layers within a GIS environment (Mussa et al. 2020). Based on the MCDA concept, WOA enables the blending of multiple raster layers to produce a final result. ...
... WOA is regarded as an effective technique for delineating probable groundwater areas, as several recent studies has employed the WOA in GIS platform to assess groundwater potential (e.g. Andualem and Demeke, 2019;Arulbalaji et al. 2019;Abijith et al. 2020;Mussa et al. 2020). The WOA can be expressed using the following Equation (6) (Saranya et al. 2020): ...
... BMC is one of the ungauged catchments in IDB categorized as water-scarce based on the Falkenmark water stress indicator since water availability is less than 1000 m^3/cap/year (MoW, 2019). The water scarcity in BMC resulted in its strong reliance on groundwater resources (Mussa et al., 2020). Since the catchment is now experiencing rapid immigration owing to Tanzania's new capital city (Dodoma) and other expanding cities within the catchment including Singida, Kondoa, and Manyoni, increased groundwater resource utilization is expected. ...
... Geology and rainfall as portrayed by AHP decision support played important roles in divulging the groundwater potential areas. Lineament, in particular, was the third most important theme in this study, concurring with note put forth by recent researchers on providing important information on subsurface fractures which control the movement and storage of groundwater [48]. Land use/land cover is the second least important, and drainage density and slope follow with about 4% weight each (Appendix A). ...
The rapid growth of civil societies coupled with population influx due to the artisanal mining industry in the Bukombe district (BD) has triggered a high demand for water resources. The daily consumption of water resources in the district surpasses the supply from available surface water sources. Thus, the situation has raised the demand for groundwater resources as an alternative. Despite the importance of groundwater resources, no current studies have spatially assessed groundwater potential to locate optimal points for borehole development. This study intended to investigate and map the groundwater potential areas (GWPAs) in the semi-arid BD using remote sensing (RS), the geographic information system (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to help local communities access clean and safe water. Rainfall, geology, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover and lineament density were prepared to delineate the map of GWPAs. The map was categorized into poor (0.21%), moderate good (51.39%), good (45.70%) and very good (2.70%). Finally, the GWPA map was validated using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2-D sections and a drilled borehole. The validation results confirmed that the applied approach provides significant results that can help in planning the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.
... Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict climate in one of the catchments in semi-arid region with CMIP6 scenario. Bahi (Manyoni) catchment (BMC) became the area of interest since it hosts the new capital city of Tanzania (i.e., Dodoma) and is among of the driest catchments within the Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) with high dependency in groundwater compared to the rest of the catchments in the basin (Mussa et al., 2020). There are several studies on prediction of climate change for areas in and around BMC, however, these projections do not account for the entire catchment and above all they are based on previous CMIP scenarios such as SRES and RCPs (Agrawala et al., 2003;Cioffi et al., 2016;Luhunga et al., 2018;Wambura et al., 2014). ...
... The Bahi (Manyoni) catchment is found in the central to northeast of Tanzania (Fig. 1) (Mussa et al., 2020). Average minimum monthly temperature ranges from 14 • C to 19 • C and maximum range from 22 • C to 32 • C with the highest temperature climaxing in November and lowest dropping in July. ...
Prediction of future climate is vital, especially for areas with low rainfall amounts, rapid population growth and high groundwater dependency. Bahi (Manyoni) is among the driest catchment hosting the new capital city of Tanzania which depends heavily on groundwater resources. Therefore, future climate prediction was done using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) scenarios of SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585. Linear Scaling (LS) bias-corrected on European center Reanalysis 5th generation (ERA5) was used to supplement temperature data. Out of 15 Global Climate Models (GCMs), CNRM-CM6-1-HR, INM-CM4-8 and INM-CM5-0 for rainfall and AWI-CM-1-1-MR, MRI-ESM2-0, EC-Earth3 and EC-Earth3-Veg for temperature were selected based on their highest performance in Taylor Skill Score (TSS) and subsequently their ensemble used. TSS of 0.83, 0.90, and 0.65 were obtained for rainfall, minimum temperature (Tmin), and maximum temperature (Tmax) ensembles respectively. LARS-WG 6.0 was applied for downscaling climatic data. Findings predicted that in 2080s for SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios, catchment mean annual rainfall to decrease between 13.8% and 4.3% in northern part, and to increase between 14.5% and 25.4% in southeast with an overall average Tmin increase between 0.2 °C and 4.5 °C and Tmax between 0.8 °C and 2.8 °C. This indicated relatively warmer and drier climate in northern compared to southern part of the catchment. These differences in microclimates could not be captured in large-scale studies such as IPCC, 2021 IPCC, 2021. These findings highlighted potential climate change impacts on crop production and groundwater recharge, which contributes to Tanzania's Nationally Determined Contributions and National Adaptation Plans against future climate change.
