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Map showing the different climate sub-regions in Nigeria. Inset is a map of Africa showing the location of Nigeria.
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Reducing the contribution to the greenhouse gases through modification of lifestyles has been the recent
focus of geoengineering and climate change discussion. However, many developing countries still have to face the challenge of ensuring food security, and increasing energy availability. This study is an expository review of the impact of food pr...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... is located on 4-14°N and 3-15°E in the southeastern edge of the West African region, with a land area of about 923 800 km 2 (14% of West Africa). Nigerian climate is diversified (Figure 2), and supports growth of many agricultural products, especially tree crops, including fruits, most of which are characterised by high carbon contents. ...
Citations
... Hal lainnya adalah menggunakan energi terbarukan (renewable energy) seperti pembangkit listrik tenaga angin atau surya dapat mengurangi emisi karbon. Jejak karbon yang tinggi banyak disebabkan oleh proses produksi makanan atau sikap manusia pada umumnya terhadap makanan (Eludoyin, 2015), proses produksi makanan dan limbah secara konsep dapat dilihat pada gambar 5 berikut. Eludoyin (2015) juga menjelaskan bahwa energi yang dikonsumsi pada aktivitas pertanian berkontribusi terhadap jejak karbon. ...
... Jejak karbon yang tinggi banyak disebabkan oleh proses produksi makanan atau sikap manusia pada umumnya terhadap makanan (Eludoyin, 2015), proses produksi makanan dan limbah secara konsep dapat dilihat pada gambar 5 berikut. Eludoyin (2015) juga menjelaskan bahwa energi yang dikonsumsi pada aktivitas pertanian berkontribusi terhadap jejak karbon. Aktivitas peternakan menghasilkan gas metan (CH 4 ) dan nitrogen oksida (N 2 O) yang biasanya dihasilkan dari lahan pertanian yang menggunakan pupuk. ...
... Kebalikan dari masyarakat di negara berkembang, penduduk negara maju biasanya mendonasikan bahan rumah tangga melalui tempat amal serta fasilitas daur ulang. Kebiasaan di negara berkembang adalah tidak tersedianya fasilitas pengolahan bahan yang sudah tidak terpakai sehingga seringkali berakhir di tempat pembuangan sampah akhir yang merupakan sumber polusi lingkungan serta penghasil CO 2 dan gas metan (Eludoyin, 2015). ...
Abstrak Aktivitas manusia modern saat ini cenderung berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan bahkan berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim dan mengakibatkan pemanasan global. Hal tersebut diakibatkan oleh jejak karbon yang berupa emisi yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas manusia atau organisasi sehari-hari. Jejak karbon juga dihasilkan dari makanan yang kita konsumsi sehari-hari. Konsumsi produk ramah lingkungan atau produk berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu solusi manusia dalam menghadapi masalah ini. Mengurangi jejak karbon bisa dengan cara menanam pohon, mendaur ulang produk dan menggunakan produk dengan teknologi hemat energi. Beberapa ciri produk ramah lingkungan atau berkelanjutan diantaranya adalah berasal dari praktek budidaya serta pemanenan, daur ulang, berbahan baku organik atau alami, efisien dalam penggunaan energi, air, juga bahan bakar, dapat digunakan ulang atau didaur ulang, dapat diurai, serta aman jika dibuang. Beberapa tindakan yang dapat membantu mengurangi jejak karbon, yaitu dengan cara (1) mengenali produk yang kita beli atau konsumsi,(2) mengenali dan memahami isi kandungan produk yang kita beli atau konsumsi, (3) menggunakan produk berbahan baku atau dasar organik atau alami, (4) mengurangi emisi karbon dari aktivitas sehari-hari, (5) melakukan aktivitas daur ulang, dan (6) menggunakan atau memperbaiki produk-produk yang masih dapat digunakan atau diperbaiki. Maka marilah secara berangsur kita mulai beralih menggunakan produk berkelanjutan yang secara umum ditandai dengan ciri-ciri (1) berbahan baku alami atau organik, (2) mempunyai kemasan yang ramah lingkungan, (3) dapat digunakan ulang atau relatif tahan lama, (4) dapat didaur ulang, (5) apabila dibuang tidak mencemari lingkungan, serta (6) mempunyai jejak karbon rendah Kata Kunci: carbon footprint, sustainable product, sustainability, sustainable marketing, sustainable behavior Abstract Today's modern human activities tend to have distructive impact on the environment, contributing to the climate change phenomena and cause the global warming. It was all caused by human and organization carbon emissions or known as carbon footprints. Our daily food consumption is one of the sources of carbon footprints. Sustainable products consumption is one of the solutions to deal with the carbon footprints and global warming issues. Reducing our carbon footprints by planting trees, recycling products, and using the energy-saving technologies are some of the solutions. Sustainable products characterized by products that mostly come from planting and harvesting, using recycled materials, organic or naturally grown, energy efficient, water efficient, and also fuel efficient, reuseable or recyclable, compostable, and safe for disposal. We can reduce our carbon footprints by (1) know what we buy or consume, (2) know and understand the ingredients of the products we used or consumed, (3) using organic or natural materials products, (4) reducing our Hal. 1
... Of course, everyone is interested in reducing carbon footprint [12]. ...
The study of the carbon footprint of natural gas in order to assess its impact on global climatic processes has shown that the carbon footprint of natural gas at the stages of production, transportation, storage, and distribution amounts to not more than 17 kg CO2-eq./GJ (16.5 - in 2012; 15 - in 2013; and 12.2 - in 2014) and is reduced yearly by 1 CO2-eq./GJ. The comparative study has revealed that its value is less than that of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel. When delivering to Europe through various corridors, carbon footprint varies from 18 kg CO2-eq./GJ for the Ukrainian Corridor to 9 kg CO2-eq./GJ for the "Nord Stream". The proportion of the methane (CH4) carbon footprint prior to use in a particular power generating process is 30 g CO2-eq./kWh of a generation that amounts to 4.5-7.5% of the total carbon footprint at natural gas-fired power generation (398-662 g CO2-eq./kWh), and to 2.8% of the carbon footprint at coal-fired generation. This indicates the high efficiency of gas fuel in terms of its positive impact on reducing the global climate change.
... A CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime (Energy Star, 2015). 72 An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is assembled into a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that is several times better than incandescent lamps, and significantly better than most fluorescent lamps, with some chips able to emit more than 100 lumens per watt. ...
This thesis developed a set of the long-term energy scenarios for Nigeria considering the impact of vital factors that may influence its energy policies in its future energy system. The energy scenarios were developed through the application of the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model. The Nigerian LEAP model was developed to identify the future energy demand and how it could be met using a least-cost combination of technology
options without similar expansion in greenhouse gases. The developed model
incorporated four policy scenarios that differ from one another, and this was
intended to capture the vital factors that may influence the energy policies in
the future.
The factors that were taken as parameters included the GDP, the households, the population and urbanization growth rates, and the growth rates of the energy-intensive sectors. The four scenarios that were developed were the reference (REF), low-carbon moderate (LCM), low-carbon advanced (LCA), and green-optimistic (GO) scenarios. The results of the modeled scenarios showed that the energy demand is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 3.58% (REF), 3.53% (LCM), 2.95% (LCA), and 2.61% (GO).
The REF scenario energy demand was the highest (with 3,075 PJ by 2040) while the GO scenario was the lowest (2,249.2 PJ). The GHG emission rate was very low for the GO scenario (124.4 MMTCDE) compared to the other scenarios, and this was due to the high level of renewables and the energy efficiency application into the energy mix. The level of energy policies such as various degrees of energy efficiency and fuel/technology switching was increased from the LCM scenario (which had a moderate policy implementation), the advance LCA scenario, and the more aggressive GO scenario. Furthermore, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out to ascertain the cost of implementing some policies and strategies in Nigeria, including energy efficiency and fuel/technology switching. The results showed that it would cost Nigeria USD1.69 billion to implement policies in the LCM scenario, USD23.8 billion in the LCA scenario, and USD41.4 billion in the GO scenario.
With regard to the least-cost electricity generation options for power plants in the different scenarios in this study, it was shown that on-shore wind power and small hydropower are the least-cost electricity generation options overall. For fossil fuel power plants, CCGT was identified as the least-cost electricity generation option as well as the lowest-GHG-emitting power plant besides biomass, which was considered a low-carbon technology. From the results in general, it was observed that low-carbon and renewable technologies will have an important role to play in the realization of low-carbon
development in Nigeria.
To achieve this feat, this thesis further explored some strategies that can ensure low carbon development in Nigeria, with a view of attaining green growth. These strategies include adopting the green growth ideology and coming up with energy policy reforms, long-term energy plans and targets, energy regulations and standards, environmental tax reforms, urban plans, efficient building designs, and measures to improve the efficiency of the country’s energy and transport system. This thesis is significant in that it applied a bottom-up approach for the Nigerian energy model, performed a cost-benefit analysis, presented leastcost electricity generation options, and suggested strategic energy policies.
The findings from this thesis can be used as a guide in the development of
energy policies and sustainable strategies for the attainment of low-carbon
development in the long term in Nigeria.
The chapter presents the status quo of Nigeria’s energy sector and is divided into five sections. The first extensively reviews the various conventional and renewable energy resources in Nigeria. The second and third sections presents the primary energy supply and consumption, respectively. The forth section presents an insight into the various government ministries, parastatals, and agencies that are relevant in the Nigerian energy sector. The last section in this chapter explores the Nigerian energy policies and strategies.
