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Map showing both EB IV and MB I sites in the inland regions of the southern Levant. Map by W. Wie ˛ ckowski.
Source publication
The transition between the Early Bronze Age IV and the Middle Bronze Age in the southern Levant remains poorly understood, stemming in part from traditional approaches to the problem that frame it in terms of exogenous cultural origins and disjuncture versus indigenous growth and continuity of development. However, the growing range of diversity of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... pattern composed predominately of smaller, rural sites. When this more up-to-date spatial distribution of MB I settlement is juxtaposed against current knowledge of EB IV settlement, and settlement from both eras is Cohen The Early Bronze IV -Middle Bronze I transition in the southern Levant: analysis and assessment Levant 2022 viewed together (Fig. 4), the regional continuity between EB IV and MB I in the central and northern Jordan Valley stands out clearly. Further, it has long been noted that social and economic organization in these areas in EB IV and MB I is largely indistinguishable (Cohen 2009;2015;D'Andrea 2014b;2021;Falconer and Fall 2006;Greenberg 2002: 105;2019: 189;Maeir ...
Context 2
... some of the ceramics from those same regions that show occupational continuation, such as the northern and central Jordan Valley (see Figs 3 and 4), do exhibit different patterns. Ceramics transitional in both shape and form, as well as in decorative elements, are attested from EB IV sites such as Tell Umm Hammad (Kennedy 2015: passim and fig. 4) and Khirbet Iskander (Richard 2010), as well as MBA sites like the the Gesher cemetery (Cohen 2009: 5;Cohen and Bonfil 2007) and the earliest Cohen The Early Bronze IV -Middle Bronze I transition in the southern Levant: analysis and assessment Levant 2022 occupational phases (Phase 5) at Tell el-Hayyat (Falconer and Fall 2006: fig. ...
Context 3
... passim and fig. 4) and Khirbet Iskander (Richard 2010), as well as MBA sites like the the Gesher cemetery (Cohen 2009: 5;Cohen and Bonfil 2007) and the earliest Cohen The Early Bronze IV -Middle Bronze I transition in the southern Levant: analysis and assessment Levant 2022 occupational phases (Phase 5) at Tell el-Hayyat (Falconer and Fall 2006: fig. 4.2), all of which suggests continuity in ceramic material culture between EB IV and the MBA. At the same time, both EB IV and MB I ceramics also exhibit external, northern influences (e.g., Cohen and Bonfil 2007: 97-99;Kennedy 2020;. Increasingly, ongoing analysis points to broader regional and pan-Levantine connections between eras ...
Citations
We present the results of a study of dental pathology (specifically dental wear, caries, dental calculus, and enamel hypoplasia) carried out on 1108 teeth and empty alveoli of Bronze Age human populations that inhabited the rural settlement of Nahal Refaim, on the outskirts of the city of Jerusalem. The remains derive from a tomb complex that spans three phases of the period; Intermediate Bronze Age and the Middle Bronze Age I and Middle Bronze Age II villages that replaced them (ca. 2500–1550 BC).
Dental pathology can reflect diet and therefore offers a unique insight into the lifeways of past populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the dental health of this rural population was influenced by the far‐reaching socioeconomic changes associated with the regional shift to urbanism by the Middle Bronze Age II. Although constrained by small sample sizes, we found that the pattern of dental pathology varied in a nonlinear fashion over time and have discussed the factors that may have attributed to this variation.
