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Map of waste grain sampling locations within the Klamath Basin, California and Oregon. Cropland is depicted using U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer 2008. Map created using ArcMap 9.3 (ESRI 2008).
Source publication
Post-harvest waste seed from cereal grains is a major dietary component of waterfowl in the Klamath Basin in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon, a region that plays host to over a million waterfowl annually. Understanding food abundance is critical to local waterfowl management, therefore we conducted a study in 2008 to investigate was...
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... upper Klamath Basin (Klamath Basin) is a hydrologic unit in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon (Fleskes 2012; Figure 1) and a critical area for migratory and resident Pacific Flyway waterfowl, hosting over 1 million birds annually ( Gilmer et al. 2004). Once estimated at 142,000 ha, the wetlands in this area have decreased to 21,000 ha since the early 1900s because of agricultural development (Akins 1970;Bottorff 1989). ...
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... study was conducted within the Klamath Basin, a 21,000-km 2 area of northeastern California and southeastern Oregon (41.78N, 121.40W; Figure 1). The Klamath Basin lies between 800 and 1,500 m above sea level, and the climate is arid with warm summers and cold winters (Fleskes 2012) and receives little annual precipitation; thus, reservoir storage and snowpack on adjacent mountains are critical for regional crop irrigation. ...
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... 2008, when we conducted our study, water storage in Upper Klamath Lake on 1 April was 445,000 acre feet (4.8%) below normal (California Department of Water Resources California Data Exchange Center 2021) but adequate to meet irrigation requirements in the Klamath Basin (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 2008). At the southern terminus of the Klamath Basin lies the Klamath Basin NWR Complex, which we delineated into two regions: the Lower Klamath region and Tule Lake region, both of which consist of an NWR and adjacent private croplands (Figure 1). These areas are topographically and hydrologically separated by a large ridge, making regional delineation straightforward. ...
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... took burned samples from four barley fields and six oat fields between 1 October and 23 October. All our burn treatment samples were collected on Lower Klamath NWR (Figure 1) because we were able to coordinate sampling with NWR fire crews. Many days elapsed between postharvest sampling and field burning, so we took preburn samples before treatment to assess whether seed loss had occurred. ...
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... account for the loss of smaller seeds during sorting, we collected a subsample of seeds from the bottom of the sorter to add to the sample we collected from the top of the sorter, which was the main collection area. We created a regression equation to predict the ''adjusted ground density'' (AGD) using the relationship between top sample and the top and bottom samples added together ( Figure S1, Supplemental Material). We developed correction factors to apply to oats and wheat, but because we did not detect this issue until we processed all barley samples, we applied the wheat formula to barley because their seed structures are similar (Photo S6, Supplemental Material). ...
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... residue management treatment survey data, Klamath Basin, California and Oregon, 2008. Available: https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-20-091.S9 (27 KB XLSX) Figure S1. Regression equations to correct ground density for oat (A; n ¼ 8) and wheat (B; n ¼ 20) samples collected in the Klamath Basin, California and Oregon, 2008. ...
