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Context 1
... the northern Levant, sites continually occupied between LbA and EIA are very few. They are not homogeneously distributed in space and most of our information comes from the coast, while we know much less about the inner region (Fig. ...
Context 2
... a large room, onto which the main entrance opens, and two smaller back rooms of a similar size. In the Southern Complex of Ibn Hani, a second large room is added to this "basic" architectural model, to the north-eastern side (Fig. 3). The Emar house-type has been the subject of many typological studies on domestic architecture (Margueron 1980, fig. 1 ; braemer 1982, fig. 15 fig. 17), in which the issue of the origin of this architectural model has also been treated. In fact, some scholars argue in favor of a derivation from the Hittite architectural tradition (Mar- gueron 1980), while others point to a local Syrian origin (McClellan ...
Context 3
... the main entrance opens, and two smaller back rooms of a similar size. In the Southern Complex of Ibn Hani, a second large room is added to this "basic" architectural model, to the north-eastern side (Fig. 3). The Emar house-type has been the subject of many typological studies on domestic architecture (Margueron 1980, fig. 1 ; braemer 1982, fig. 15 fig. 17), in which the issue of the origin of this architectural model has also been treated. In fact, some scholars argue in favor of a derivation from the Hittite architectural tradition (Mar- gueron 1980), while others point to a local Syrian origin (McClellan ...
Context 4
... main entrance opens, and two smaller back rooms of a similar size. In the Southern Complex of Ibn Hani, a second large room is added to this "basic" architectural model, to the north-eastern side (Fig. 3). The Emar house-type has been the subject of many typological studies on domestic architecture (Margueron 1980, fig. 1 ; braemer 1982, fig. 15 fig. 17), in which the issue of the origin of this architectural model has also been treated. In fact, some scholars argue in favor of a derivation from the Hittite architectural tradition (Mar- gueron 1980), while others point to a local Syrian origin (McClellan ...
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Citations
... The transition from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550 BCE) to the late thirteenth-eleventh centuries is marked by instability and the collapse of major political entities, accompanied by climatic changes (Killebrew, 2013;Chiti, 2015;Knapp and Manning, 2016;Karakaya and Riehl, 2019). Nevertheless, the aridity and climate changes recorded at the end of the Late Bronze Age (LBA) may have not been sufficiently abrupt to cause social collapse and the end of the palatial era and kingdoms (Knapp and Manning, 2016). ...
... The IA occupation corresponds to a rural settlement with scattered structures and constructions, including a small shrine in the IA IB. Settlement expansion in the IA II levels confirms new urban growth (Badre and Gubel, 1999;Chiti, 2015). A large number of animal bones were recovered from the LBA residential area and temple and the IA settlement levels (rooms and dwellings) of Tell Kazel. ...
The economy of Levantine societies in the first millennium BCE was based on animal husbandry and the use of animal life products. New data from Iron Age sites in Lebanon and Syria are analysed in this paper. The investigation of livestock management through the study of archaeological animal bones and their measurements reveals specialised zootechnies. Size variability is observed, especially among sheep and cattle. This heterogeneity suggests that management techniques were directed towards ensuring the necessary supply of animal types to provide the required secondary products in coastal and hinterland, small or large centres. This response to market demands was possible by using different husbandry (zootechnies) strategies and by large-scale trade activities in the region.
