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Map of the Udzungwa Mountains, showing the collecting localities for Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov. (yellow dot) at the southern extremity of the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve and for P. kraepelini (Attems, 1896) (red diamond) at the eastern edge of the Mwanihana Forest Reserve. Based on fig. 1 in Marshall et al. (2010).
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Two species of the genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, are recorded from the Udzungwa Mountains: P. asperginis sp. nov. and P. kraepelini (Attems, 1896). Prionopetalum stuhlmanni Attems, 1914 is synonymized under P. kraepelini. Odontopyge fasciata Attems, 1896, is transferred from Prionopetalum to Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013, and new illustrations ar...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... total of 22 adult males of the two Udzungwa species were examined. Figure 1 shows the Udzungwa localities where Prionopetalum specimens were collected. ...
Context 2
... (1896). The only substantial apparent difference concerns the profile of the gonopod coxa. Attems (1896) provided two gonopod drawings of stuhlmanni (as pardalis), and one of kraepelini. The three drawings are all quite different regarding the gonopod coxa profiles, but this is due to the fact that two of them, the one of kraepelini (Attems' fig. 1) and one of those of stuhlmanni (Attems' fig. 8), are based on gonopods macerated in KOH, whereas his fig. 7 (of stuhlmanni) is based on unmacerated gonopods. Attems' fig. 7 is fully compatible with the present illustrations (Figs 5-6) of specimens from Mang'ula, and side-by-side comparisons of the body and gonopods of Mang'ula ...
Context 3
... comparisons of the body and gonopods of Mang'ula specimens with the holotype of stuhlmanni reveal no differences (see Fig. 2 for agreement in body size). The male syntype of kraepelini is devoid of its gonopods, and these are not retrievable elsewhere. I interpret the apparent differences between macerated gonopods of kraepelini (Attems 1896: fig. 1) and stuhlmanni (Attems 1896: fig. 8) as being artificial and possibly due to different durations of the KOH maceration, and I therefore synonymize the two ...
Context 4
... gonopods (Figs 7B-F, 8) are indistinguishable from those of Aquattuor claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015 (cf. their fig. 15). Noticeable special similarities include the profile of the apical palette (pa), the well-developed mesobasal lobe (mbl) of the coxal palette, and the partly micro-serrate margin of the telomere (Fig. 7 E, ...
Context 5
... characteristic limbus was not noted by previous authors. Attems (1896) and Brolemann (1920) did not mention the limbus at all. VandenSpiegel & Pierrard (2009: fig. 1b) illustrated the limbus, but their SEM micrograph only showed an irregularly wavy margin. The large limbus lobes were probably all broken off in the specimens examined by these authors (compare the left part of in VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). In the syntypes from ZMUH the limbus seems to be completely worn off. However, Dr. Nesrine ...
Similar publications
Three new genera of Odontopygidae are described, all based on new species from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania, and all monotypic: Casuariverpa gen. nov. (type species: C. scarpa gen. et sp. nov.), Yia gen. nov. (type species: Y. geminispina gen. et sp. nov.), and Utiliverpa gen. nov. (type species: U. decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov.). Similarities...
Citations
... This is the tenth in a series of articles on the millipede fauna of the Udzungwa Mountains. Previous articles in the series have dealt with the families Odontopygidae Attems, 1909(Enghoff 2014, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2018a, 2020Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015), Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Enghoff 2018b) and Gomphodesmidae Cook, 1896 (Olsen et al. 2020). The present contribution is about Udzungwa species of two families of the order Polydesmida Leach, 1815, suborder Polydesmidea Leach, 1815. ...
Three new species of the family Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri, 1896 from the Udzungwa Mountains are described: Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov., and Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov. Several additional, unidentifiable pyrgodesmids from the Udzungwa Mountains are recorded. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 (Cryptodesmidae Karsch, 1880), is recorded from the East Usambara (type locality), West Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru (Kanga) and Udzungwa Mountains, and its variation in size and body ring numbers is analyzed. The surface sculpture of pro- and metazonites is discussed.
... The present work in a way is a continuation of the series "A mountain of millipedes" which has dealt with millipedes, mainly odontopygids from the Udzungwa Mts -the largest of the Eastern Arc Mountain blocks in Tanzania (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2016b(Enghoff , 2016c(Enghoff , 2018(Enghoff , 2020Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015). For this reason, the odontopygids of the Udzungwa Mts are only marginally touched upon in the present article. ...
... All odontopygid species recorded from the Eastern Arc Mountains are treated below, except most of those that are known only from the Udzungwa Mts. See Tabel 1 and Enghoff (2014Enghoff ( , 2016aEnghoff ( , 2016bEnghoff ( , 2016cEnghoff ( , 2018Enghoff ( , 2020 and Enghoff & Frederiksen (2015). ...
... Twenty-two, West, Central and East Africa (Enghoff 2016b). Enghoff, 2016 New material examined ...
The fauna of the millipede family Odontopygidae in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania is reviewed. Species from the North Pare, South Pare, West Usambara, East Usambara, Nguru, Rubeho, Uluguru and Rungwe Mts are treated. The odontopygids of the Udzungwa Mts have been subject of a series of previous papers and are only treated marginally. Six new genera and 25 new species are described: Antipustia gen. nov., Aptyctosmilax gen. nov., Multipronopea gen. nov., Notogallanus gen. nov., Praludivera gen. nov., Uncodrama gen. nov., Antipustia hoteldolichoiuli gen. et sp. nov., Aptyctosmilax helenae gen. et sp. nov., Calyptomastix ingemanni sp. nov., Calyptomastix vuasu sp. nov., Calyptomastix xystopygoides sp. nov., Calyptomastix zoltani sp. nov., Chaleponcus jolantae sp. nov., Chaleponcus nesrineae sp. nov., Chaleponcus schioetzae sp. nov., Chaleponcus sergeii sp. nov., Chaleponcus soerensenae sp. nov., Geotypodon cristinae sp. nov., Lamelloramus frederiksenae sp. nov., Multipronopea agneteae gen. et sp. nov., Notogallanus mastacembalus gen. et sp. nov., Praludivera paralellamella gen. et sp. nov., Raduliverpa donatellae sp. nov., Spinotarsus axeli sp. nov., Syndesmogenus estelleae sp. nov., Uncodrama coronata gen. et sp. nov., Xystopyge bentemarieae sp. nov., Xystopyge doggartae sp. nov., Xystopyge hippocampus sp. nov., Xystopyge minnae sp. nov., and Xystopyge voluntariorum sp. nov. The discussion focuses on diversity and distribution patterns, the justification for monotypic (monospecific) genera, and the following morphological character types: the ozopore series, the limbus, the number of setae on the anal valves, the first pair of male legs, the gonopod sternum, and the sternum of the rudimentary 9th leg-pair.
... (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2018. However, the genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, is well-characterized and has been the subject of two recent taxonomic treatments (VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009, Enghoff 2016b. Nevertheless, there are still new species that remain to be described. ...
... In the key to species of Prionopetalum by Enghoff (2016b), the new species runs to P. clarum (Chamberlin, 1927), with which it shares most gonopodal characters: the shape (straight, pointed) and direction (laterobasad) of the coxal spine (lcs); the simple distal telomeral process (tdp); the shape of the proximal telomere process (tpp) (Fig. 5C). The two species differ in body diameter: P. clarum = 5.5 mm (only one male described, though), P. nessiae = 6.3-7.7 mm, and in the gonopod coxa profile (Fig. 5A, B). ...
... nov. at this place has a larger subrectangular expansion with an irregularly sinuate mesal margin. The gonopod coxa profile of the new species is very similar to that of P. aculeatum Attems, 1914(Enghoff 2016b fig. 9E), in which, however, the proximal telomere process is strongly expanded and asymmetrical (Enghoff 2016b: 20, fig. ...
A new large species of the millipede genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, P. nessiae sp. nov. from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, is described, with SEM imaging and illustrations of relevant taxonomic characters, and mapped. Comments on the significance of sternum 9 in descriptions of Odontopygidae, and on the intrageneric differences in Prionopetalum, are included.
... Among mammals, like the Udzungwa red colobus (Cercocebus galeritus), Kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) which is among the world's 25 most endangered mammals, the Abbot's duiker (Cephalopuis spadix); among birds the Udzungwa forest partridge (Xenoperdix udzungwensis) and last but not least the highly endangered Udzungwa Scarp tree frog (Nectophrynoides wendyae) which occurs only in one valley of the investigated area (Wikipedia 2019). Of course, the invertebrate fauna contains even higher ratio of endemics, probably thousands of still undescribed species (Enghoff 2016). Regrettably, the forest areas in the Eastern Arc mountains continuously shrivel, partly due to human activities, partly due to the global warming or the combination of the two. ...
... Enghoff & Frederiksen (2015) reviewed the genus and added five new species from the Udzungwa Mts and one new species from Mt Kilimanjaro. Still another species, A. fasciatus (Attems, 1896), was re-allocated into Aquattuor by Enghoff (2016b). The genus thus currently includes eight species. ...
... The present contribution is the eighth in a series of papers devoted to the millipede fauna of the Udzungwa Mts Numbers 1-6 in the series (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2016b(Enghoff , 2016c(Enghoff , 2018aEnghoff & Frederiksen 2015) deal with Odontopygidae Attems, 1909, like the present one, while number 7 (Enghoff 2018b) is devoted to a genus of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889. ...
A large, newly collected material of the genus Aquattuor from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, has been studied. Two new species are described, viz., A. mollilobus sp. nov. from the Udzungwa Mts and A. nguruensis sp. nov. from the Nguru Mts, Tanzania. Aquattuor claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015, is recorded as new for the Udzungwa fauna. Characters from the first pair of male legs are illustrated for all Aquattuor species and are shown to be useful for species discrimination. A new gonopodal difference between A. submajor Enghoff, 2015 and A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015 is described and illustrated. Intrageneric relationships and distribution patterns are discussed. A distribution map and a key to all Aquattuor species are presented.
... The previous six articles in the series (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2016b(Enghoff , 2016c(Enghoff , 2018Enghoff & Frederiksen 2015) all deal with the family Odontopygidae, but the present contribution concerns the genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, of the very large family Paradoxosomatidae, which is distributed over all zoogeographical regions, except the Nearctic . ...
Twenty-two new species of the genus Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910, from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, are described: E. acaciae sp. nov., E. aequilobatum sp. nov., E. akkariae sp. nov., E. angulatum sp. nov., E. articulatum sp. nov., E. biquintum sp. nov., E. breviscutum sp. nov., E. cetafi sp. nov., E. chitense sp. nov., E. commelina sp. nov., E. coxale sp. nov., E. ejti sp. nov., E. grumslingslak sp. nov., E. kalimbasiense sp. nov., E. navuncus sp. nov., E. nessiteras sp. nov., E. ottokrausi sp. nov., E. paradisiacum sp. nov., E. sternale sp. nov. and E. zebra sp. nov. from the Udzungwa Mts, E. culter sp. nov. from the Rubeho Mts and E. kangense sp. nov. from the Kanga Mts. Eviulisoma kwabuniense Kraus, 1958, and E. dabagaense Kraus, 1958, both from the Udzungwa Mts, are redesribed based on new material. Notes are provided on E. iuloideum (Verhoeff, 1941) based on type material. Eoseviulisoma Brolemann, 1920, is synonymized under Eviulisoma, based on newly collected material of E. julinum (Attems, 1909), type species of Eoseviulisoma. New material of Suohelisoma ulugurense Hoffman, 1964, type species of Suohelisoma Hoffman, 1964, has revealed that the gonopod structure is more similar to that of Eviulisoma than originally thought, but Suohelisoma is retained as a valid genus. Four species groups are recognized among Eviulisoma species from the Udzungwa Mts, but the need for a revision of the entire genus is emphasized. Two types of epizootic fungi are recorded from Eviulisoma spp., and an enigmatic amorphous mass, which may be a kind of plugging substance, is recorded from the gonopod tips and excavated sixth sternum of several species.
... The very rich fauna of odontopygid millipedes from the Udzungwa Mts has been the subject of five recent papers (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2016b(Enghoff , 2016cEnghoff & Frederiksen 2015). The present contribution deals with the remaining Udzungwa odontopygids in the very large collections of Tanzanian millipedes in the Natural History Museum of Denmark and the Virginia Museum of Natural History (but see note on the genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013). ...
... Thirty-nine species of Odontopygidae (Table 3) are now known from the Udzungwa Mts as a result of the series of studies entitled "A mountain of millipedes" (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016a(Enghoff , 2016b(Enghoff , 2016cEnghoff & Frederiksen 2015;this paper). Previously, just one species (Chaleponcus dabagaensis Kraus, 1958) was known. ...
... Prionopetalum asperginis Enghoff, 2016 endemic 550-750 36. P. kraepelini (Attems, 1896) Tanzania, widespread (Enghoff 2016b) Out of the 39 odontopygid species, no less than 35 are known only from the Udzungwa Mts and should be regarded as Udzungwa endemics. No phylogenetic analyses are available for any Udzungwan odontopygid, but nevertheless some preliminary geographical patterns may be inferred (Fig. 10): ...
Damacornu gen. nov. (type species: D. transversum gen. et sp. nov.), Geotypodon papei sp. nov. and Spinotarsus fortehamatus sp. nov. are described, and Helicochetus dimidiatus (Peters, 1855), H. mutaba Kraus, 1960 and Hoffmanides dissutus (Hoffman, 1963) are recorded from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania. A complete overview of the 39 odontopygid species now known from the Udzungwa Mts is given, including notes on endemism, biogeographical relationships and altitudinal distribution patterns. © 2018, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. All rights reserved.
... illustrate, but do not discuss, intercalary microscutes in the pleurotergal cuticle of the dorypetalid callipodidan Lusitanipus alternans (Verhoeff). Microscutes have also been detected in two spirostreptidan families (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016Enghoff & Fredriksen 2015). Anamorphosis of D. mirabilis. ...
Dobrodesmus mirabilis n. gen., n. sp. is described from a limestone cave in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is unique among millipedes of the order Polydesmida in having 39+t rings in adult males, two rather than four spinnerets, and in its highly plesiomorphic gonopods, which resemble those of basal members of the orders Callipodida and Stemmiulida. The presence of 39 rings is notable because members of the Polydesmida, the most species rich order of millipedes (>5000 spp.) normally stop development at 19+t rings. Because of these characters, D. mirabilis is the basis for the proposal of a new family (Dobrodesmidae) and a new suborder (Dobrodesmidea) of polydesmidans.
... illustrate, but do not discuss, intercalary microscutes in the pleurotergal cuticle of the dorypetalid callipodidan Lusitanipus alternans (Verhoeff). Microscutes have also been detected in two spirostreptidan families (Enghoff 2014(Enghoff , 2016Enghoff & Fredriksen 2015). Anamorphosis of D. mirabilis. ...
Dobrodesmus mirabilis n. gen., n. sp. is described from a limestone cave in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is unique among millipedes of the order Polydesmida in having 39+t rings in adult males, two rather than four spinnerets, and in its highly plesiomorphic gonopods, which resemble those of basal members of the orders Callipodida and Stemmi-ulida. The presence of 39 rings is notable because members of the Polydesmida, the most species rich order of millipedes (>5000 spp.) normally stop development at 19+t rings. Because of these characters, D. mirabilis is the basis for the proposal of a new family (Dobrodesmidae) and a new suborder (Dobrodesmidea) of polydesmidans.
... For general information on the Odontopygidae and the Udzungwa Mountains see the first article in the series (Enghoff 2014). See also and Enghoff (2016aEnghoff ( , 2016b. ...
... nov., but differs strongly in several other characters including the structure of the telomere. A very long, very slender distal telomeral process is found in some other odontopygids, e.g., all species of Allantogonus Attems, 1912(Kraus 1960 and Prionopetalum Attems, 1909(VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009Enghoff 2016b), but these genera differ from Yia gen. nov. in other characters, and no other species has the row of long Y-or I-shaped spikes characteristic of this genus. ...
Three new genera of Odontopygidae are described, all based on new species from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania, and all monotypic: Casuariverpa gen. nov. (type species: C. scarpa gen. et sp. nov.), Yia gen. nov. (type species: Y. geminispina gen. et sp. nov.), and Utiliverpa gen. nov. (type species: U. decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov.). Similarities and differences between the new genera and other genera are discussed.
