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The problem of understand natural processes as factors that restrict, limit or even jeopardize the interests of human society is currently of great concern. The natural transformation of flood waves is increasingly affected and disturbed by artificial interventions in river basins. The Danube River basin is an area of high economic and water manage...
Contexts in source publication
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... river originates from the Black Forest in Germany at the confluence of the Brigach and the Breg streams. It discharges into the Black Sea via the Danube delta, which lies in Romania and Ukraine (Figure 1). ...
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... discharge of around 8,000 m 3 s -1 would have arrived at Bratislava about 24 hours earlier. The simulations of the select- ed flood waves (1899, 1954, 1965 and 1975) by the NLN- Danube model are presented in Figure 10 a-c for Devín/Bratislava. ...
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... discharges were multiplied so that the culmination matched the value of 14,000 m 3 s -1 at the Kienstock water gauge station. Figure 11a presents the results of the simulated flood wave scenario for Devín/Bratislava. The simulation of the potentially catastrophic flood wave transformation from Kienstock to Štúrovo for the current Danube River regime conditions (calibration with the 2013 flood) is illustrated in Figure 11b, and the values of the simulated peak discharges are listed in Table 8. ...
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... 11a presents the results of the simulated flood wave scenario for Devín/Bratislava. The simulation of the potentially catastrophic flood wave transformation from Kienstock to Štúrovo for the current Danube River regime conditions (calibration with the 2013 flood) is illustrated in Figure 11b, and the values of the simulated peak discharges are listed in Table 8. The results of this simulated scenario showed that the travel time of the peak catastrophic flood wave could reach value of 50 hours from Kienstock to Devín/Bratislava, with a peak discharge a value of 13,475 m 3 s -1 at Devín/Bratislava (this corresponds approxi- mately to the water level a value of 1170 cm for recent river conditions on the Danube River at Bratislava). ...
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... corresponds to the water level value of 1,072 cm for the Danube River conditions in 2002 at Bratislava and the water level value of 1,080 cm for the Danube River conditions in 2013 with a travel time value of about 54 hours from Kienstock to Devín/Bratislava. The transformations of the same large flood waves on the Danube River from Kienstock to Štúrovo are illustrated in Figure 12a. The travel time of some extreme flood peaks is illustrated in Figure 12b. ...
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... transformations of the same large flood waves on the Danube River from Kienstock to Štúrovo are illustrated in Figure 12a. The travel time of some extreme flood peaks is illustrated in Figure 12b. It shows that the travel time of the June 2013 flood at the Kienstock-Štúrovo river reach was similar to the travel time of the floods in August ...
Citations
... According to Hill et al. [8], all searched 2D modeling has been completed at a scale of <100 km 2 , with a majority being focused on assessing the impact of natural flood management sites on locations directly downstream of sites rather than the whole catchment. For large scales, i.e., river or basin scales, 1D modeling is normally executed [26][27][28]. Nevertheless, 2D models have recently been applied more often, even in prognostic modeling. ...
Large-scale two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling at high resolution is still rarely performed because of its high computational cost and the lack of topographical data for some areas. Despite this, such modeling has been performed for the Odra River, the second largest river in Poland. This river has a high potential for flooding, which has been severely experienced many times in history, most recently in 1997 and 2010, when floods caused large losses. Since then, many different types of activities have been executed in order to reduce the risk of flooding. The paper presents a 2D modeling concept created during these activities. Given that the river valley is up to several kilometers wide, and consists of many complex topographical features and hydrotechnical facilities, a cascade of 25 2D models in MIKE21 software was developed. It covers a 600 km long section of the Odra River and an area of 5700 km2 in total. A regular grid resolution of 4–6 m was used in the modeling. The models were applied for numerous purposes, first for the elaboration of flood hazard and flood risk maps for larger cities, and then for the verification of historic flood data and stage–discharge relations at gauge stations, as well as the verification of design discharges via flood routing. Other important uses were the evaluation of the effectiveness of flood mitigating works, including the feasibility study for the Racibórz reservoir, and the assessment of flood hazard due to embankment failure or ice jamming. Selected applications, as well as practical aspects of the model’s preparation and use, are presented.
... Mediero et al. (2010) have also addressed the modelling of flood flows and flood wave volumes using special statistical methods. Based on our own experience in the field of frequency analysis of hydrological extremes (Mitková et al. 2004;Bačová Mitková at al. 2016;Pekárová and Miklánek eds. 2019) and the knowledge of other already mentioned studies, we decided to use a very flexible Log-Pearson type III distribution as a statistical method. ...
... The volume of transported suspended load and bed load has gradually decreased in the middle reach of the Danube due to the construction of the reservoirs on the German and Austrian reach. The new Danube dam near Čuňovo increased the Danube water level at Bratislava after November 1992, and the cessation of gravel excavation below Bratislava in 1980 caused an increase in water levels corresponding to the same flood flow observed in the past(Figure 10b)[52]. ...
The flow regime conditions of the Danube River are continually changing. These changes are the result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. The territory of the Danube River Basin is one of the most flood-endangered regions in Europe and assessing the design discharges along the Danube channel is complicated by the different estimation methods that are applied in particular countries. For this reason, it is necessary to harmonize flood design value assessment methods. The long-term maximum annual discharge series of the Danube River and other rivers in the Danube basin were analyzed and used to estimate the flood design values. We used the Log-Pearson type III distribution, which is one of the most widely used theoretical probability distributions to estimate extremes. This distribution can be flexibly applied to extreme values depending on the skew coefficient. We also analyzed the effect of the inclusion and exclusion of the historical extremes in the processed dataset. The results show that the inclusion of historical floods and the regionalization of the Log-Pearson type III distribution skew parameter can change the design discharges.
... Water resources are considered as one of the most valuables resources on the Earth, so the protection of water resources is currently one of the priority roles declared by human society [1]. Water and its accessibility currently represent one of the basic limits of society development [2] [3]. ...
Modern water quality monitoring system enables detailed observation of water quality parameters. Measured data of the pollution concentration time course can be consequently used for determination of the pollution source position. Paper deals with the solution of inverse problem, where the pollution source and its position is determined from the pollution concentration time courses obtained in the monitored watercourse profile located downstream. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the simple method for solution of pollution spreading inverse task and to analyse the accuracy of this method application. For this aim, a software tool was developed. Two different analytical solutions equation for this tool were used. For the method verification, data from a field tracer experiment were used. The experiment was performed on a lowland channel with extensive vegetation coverage. The test results show, that the proposed procedure is feasible, the numeric solution is reliable, stable and fast. Results of tests have also indicated the impact of used analytical solution equation and also the software tool ability to fit the specific conditions in the real streams.
... Such disaster has made dozens of fatalities and missing persons, as well as high destruction of infrastructure and equipment [24,[31][32][33]. According to several authors, [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], that have previously studied this type of phenomena throughout time -worldwide and in different contexts -the exposed prevention and management measures are still in a grey zone and presents considerable differences from region to region. ...
The understanding of flood phenomena regarding torrential rain, occurring in natural channels within urban areas represents a crucial aspect to increase safety and life´s standards of the populations, issues that are deeply related to a well-developed sustainable urban and spatial planning. In this regard, flows inside urban areas have great heterogeneity, therefore their characterization requires a formulation which explicitly incorporates this spatial variability. The present study intends to establish a parallel between the selected models, numerical and reduced, enabling to examine their contributions regarding the flow characterization and water height in natural channels within urban settlements located near the river mouth and inserted in hydrographic basins with accentuated orography, as is the case of Funchal urban area at Madeira Island. Based on the available resources, the geometric simplicity of the study case and the results, the most appropriate method is the programmed spreadsheet, providing prompt and reliable information for the design of better adapted hydraulic structures that can face this extreme phenomenon, checking the adaptability of existing structures, as well as in the decision-making process concerning urban planning, safeguarding the populations in similar conditions.
... In relation to the phenomenon and possible flood impact, an early analysis is needed in the form of flood routing [11] to optimize flood disaster management activities at an advanced stage. Basically, disaster management includes three main issues: mitigation includes monitoring, prevention, and preparedness, evacuation includes rescue and emergency relief and rehabilitation services including reconstruction and restoration of the situation to normal on physical and nonphysical facilities [12][13]. ...
Flood disaster in Palu River has repeatedly occurred with varying discharge magnitudes, especially in the downstream segment near and around the estuary. The most recent flood occurred in July 2018 has inundated some areas of Palu City and resulted in a considerable impact on the socio-economic life of the community in the city of Palu. Actually, flood prevention efforts have been undertaken by the Palu City Government and River Basin Board of Sulawesi III, one of which is by constructing levee combined with revetment along more than 5 km measured from the estuary to the upstream reach. The levee is made of soil material, while the revetment is a structure to protect the levee made of concrete. These structures were built on both sides of the river banks. However, the flood disaster always happens almost every year in this area. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of the flood control structure using Geographic Information System and HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model. The use of these tools provides the ease and efficiency of flood simulation along the river being modeled. The analysis results show that the bank capacity of Palu River is currently only effective for flood discharge below 550 m³/s, where the river bank capacity at the beginning of the levee and revetment design is approximately 550 m³/s, equivalent to the 25 years return period of discharge. The river bank capacity decreases due to sediment deposition on the river bed which were originated from the upstream watershed. This decline in cross-section capacity is estimated to be the cause of the flood disaster in parts of Palu City.
... Such disaster has made dozens of fatalities and missing persons, as well as high destruction of infrastructure and equipment (Oliveira, et al., 2011). According to several authors, Hammond, et al. (2013), Rossel, et al. (2014), Mejía, et al. (2015, Mitková, et al. (2016) or Röthlisberger, et al. (2017), that have previously studied this type of phenomena throughout time -worldwide and in different contexts -the exposed prevention and management measures are still in a grey zone and presents considerable differences from region to region. ...
The understanding of flood phenomena regarding torrential rain, occurring in artificial channels within urban areas represents a crucial aspect to increase safety and life´s standards of the populations, issues that are deeply related to a well-developed sustainable urban and spatial planning. In this regard, flows inside urban areas have great heterogeneity, therefore their characterization requires a formulation which explicitly incorporates this spatial variability. The present study intends to establish a parallel between the selected models, numerical and reduced, enabling to examine their contributions regarding the flow characterization and water height in artificial channels within urban settlements located near the river mouth and inserted in hydrographic basins with accentuated orography, as is the case of Funchal urban area at Madeira Island. Based on the available resources, the geometric simplicity of the study case and the results, the most appropriate method is the programmed spreadsheet, providing prompt and reliable information for the design of better adapted hydraulic structures that can face this extreme phenomenon, checking the adaptability of existing structures, as well as in the decision-making process concerning urban planning, safeguarding the populations in similar conditions.
... Another aim of the calculations was to determine the maximum water storage levels in the reservoir and the reduced water runoffs. A method that uses the continuity equation [31,32] in a differential form (22) was selected from many methods for reservoir flood wave routing: ...
This paper presents a methodology of calculating the water transfer capacity of a dyke pumping station in flood wave conditions in order to improve its functioning, especially with regards to the safety of the areas being drained. The exemplary analysis was carried out for a pumping station situated on a small right-bank tributary of the Odra River in the southwest part of Poland, which, due to the inadequate capacity of its pumps, extensively flooded the surrounding areas in May and June 2010. Hydrological analyses were conducted in order to determine the rate of the designed and control flows using a spatial regression equation, and as a comparison, the rainfall-runoff method was also used. The corresponding flood-wave hydrographs were also determined, which included total precipitation using the German Association For Water Resources and Land Improvement (DVWK) method, effective precipitation using the Natural Resource Conservation Service curve number (NRCS-CN) method, as well as hypothetical waves using the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) method. Flood-wave routing was carried out and alternative solutions for both the output of the required pumps and the retarding reservoir capacity were highlighted on this basis. The paper presents the possibility of a correct pump capacity selection, and in turn, the size of the pumping station retarding reservoir that results from this selection. This will enable pumping station exploitation costs or maintenance costs of the retarding reservoir to be considerably reduced.
The development of computer technology, especially the hydrodynamic modeling package, provides convenience in many things including flood modeling in the river. One of these modeling packages is HEC-RAS Hydrodynamic Model which can be used to simulate both steady flow and unsteady flow. On the other side, the development of Geographic Information System (GIS), is now rapidly evolving for a variety of purposes with a wider range of fields and scope, including the preparation of river geometry data based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) format as the input of the model. The aim of this study is to perform flood routing for determining the river capacity and for estimating the factors that cause floods by integrating TIN data into HEC-RAS Hydrodynamic Model, using Lantikadigo River in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia as a model. In this river, almost every year flooding occurs with fluctuating intensity of inundation. Integrating data is the process of synthesizing geometry data that is processed in the GIS environment as input for the HEC-RAS Model. Data integration provides the effectiveness of the use of simulation time due to input geometry data is done using import data facility when compared manually input geometry data. The results of the study show that the maximum water level of the 1-year return period has exceeded the river bank elevation both on the left and on the right side of the entire segment. The peak discharge of hydrograph for 1-year return period is 55.3 m3/s at the outlet of Lantikadigo Watershed. This means that the average channel capacity is far below the peak discharge. Based on simulation results it can be predicted that the cause of flooding in Lantikadigo River is due to morphological change of river geometry.
