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Map of the Czech Republic showing the main rivers and sites where samples of Carassius were collected. The occurrence of five species of Carassius was confirmed using molecular analysis: Ca – Carassius auratus (orange circle), Cg – C. gibelio (green circle), Clan – C. langsdorfii (blue circle), Cc – C. carassius (brownish circle), C “M” – Carassius sp. (purple circle). For details of occurrence see Table 1.
Source publication
Molecular markers have recently been used to change the taxonomical status of many species of fish.
Fishes of the genus Carassius (Nilsson, 1832) were subjected to phylogenetic analyses when it was recognized that differences in morphology could not be used for identifying species. Four species of Carassius are known to occur in waters of the Czec...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... sixty five samples of Carassius fishes originating from the Czech Republic ( Fig. 1) were included in this study. Sixty three samples came from our previous studies, one is original to this study and one was obtained from GenBank database. As an outgroup we used a sequence of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) obtained from GenBank acc. No. HM008692. Detailed information on the material sampled is listed in ...
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Citations
... On the other hand, the diversity loss of diploids may be due to the strong selection in the extreme environmental conditions of the QTP. Previous studies have observed high genetic diversity in invasive C. auratus from Croatia (Jakovlic & Gui, 2011), Czechia (Bohem, 2013) ...
Anthropogenic biological invasions represent major concerns but enable us to investigate rapid evolutionary changes and adaptation to novel environments. The goldfish Carassius auratus with sexual diploids and unisexual triploids coexisting in natural waters, is one of the most widespread invasive fishes in Tibet, providing an ideal model to study evolutionary processes during invasion in different reproductive forms from the same vertebrate. Here, using whole‐genome resequencing data of 151 C. auratus individuals from invasive and native ranges, we found different patterns of genomic responses between diploid and triploid populations during their invasion of Tibet. For diploids, although invasive individuals derived from two different genetically distinct sources and had a relative higher diversity (π) at the population level, their individual genetic diversity (genome‐wide observed heterozygosity) was significantly lower (21.4%) than that of source individuals. Population structure analysis revealed that the invasive individuals formed a specific genetic cluster distinct from the source populations. Runs of homozygosity analysis showed low inbreeding only in invasive individuals, and only the invasive population experienced a recent decline in effective population size reflecting founder events. For triploids, however, invasive populations showed no loss of individual genetic diversity and no genetic differentiation relative to source populations. Regions of putative selective sweeps between invasive and source populations of diploids mainly involved genes associated with mannosidase activity and embryo development. Our results suggest invasive diploids deriving from distinct sources still lost individual genetic diversity resulting from recent inbreeding and founder events and selective sweeps, and invasive triploids experienced no change in genetic diversity owing to their reproduction mode of gynogenesis that precludes inbreeding and founder effects and may make them more powerful invaders.
... Since most of the investigated samples from Iran, Europe and several Asian countries (along with Chinese specimens) were nested in several haplotypes but in a single haplogroup, it can be inferred that the samples in the mentioned haplogroup are the source of introduced populations (likely populations from lower reaches of Yangtze River), which have common characteristics like morphological feature (body color and shape of tales) which are the cause for domestication, trade and consequently introduction of goldfish to all over the world since 16th century(Balon, 2004;Rylková, Kalous, Šlechtová, & Bohlen, 2010;Wang et al., 2013). These underpinnings demonstrated that ornamental trade is the major cause of C. auratus introductions(Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007;Rylková & Kalous, 2013a). Goldfish has found its place in Iranian customs (used as pet in Nowruz -Iranian new year-celebrations) during past decades and unfortunately translocation of this species to different natural and artificial water systems of Iran is still continued due to inappropriate aquaculture and intentional releases by public. ...
Introduction of non-native fish species has been criticized as one of the major threats to freshwater ecosystems. During recent years, the cyprinid fish genus Carassius has been the subject of various studies in terms of introduction biology and ecology. The taxonomy and identification of described species in the genus Carassius is still ambiguous. In order to increase the knowledge of introduced species of the genus in Iran, molecular approaches were employed to identify species based on the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b (Cyt b). In total, 417 specimens across Eurasia and some other parts of the world have been analyzed. Afterwards, investigation of the possible origin and pathways of introduction was done using analysis of haplotype networks based on the Cyt b gene. The results revealed that there are three introduced species i.e. Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio and Carassius langsdorfii, in inland waters of Iran. Carassius langsdorfii was recorded from Iran and western Asia for the first time. Analysis of haplotype network showed various potential sources of introduction for each species in Iran and regions beyond their native distribution ranges.
... It has been reported that cyt b genes differ in population level. Consequently, this region was preferred for a lot of studies (Gilles et al., 1998;Aboim et al., 2005;Sevilla et al., 2007;Rylková et al., 2013;Kartavtsev et al., 2017;Kumar et al., 2017). ...
Bu çalışma Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki farklı
alanlarda örneklenen Barbus tauricus
populasyonları arasındaki türiçi varyasyonları ortaya çıkarmak için
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki farklı içsulardan (Akçay
(Samsun), Engiz Çayı (Samsun), Terme Çayı
(Samsun) Karadere (Trabzon) and Değirmenağzı Deresi (Düzce)) toplamda 250 örnek
yakalanmıştır. Tür içi varyasyonlar mtDNA
cyt b sekansı kullanılarak
saptanmıştır. Popülasyonların genetik yapıları moleküler varyans analizi
(AMOVA) ile belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada GENBANK veri tabanından alınan Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (DQ868874.1)(dış
grup) ve diğer Barbus türleri
karşılaştırmalı analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Cyt b gen bölgesinin 1141 baz çiftlik toplam sekansı ve 11 haplotip
elde edilmiştir. AMOVA analizinden elde edilen moleküler veriler B.tauricus türiçi
varyasyonun varlığını ve varyasyonun % 26.1 oranında gruplar arasında olduğunu
ortaya çıkarmıştır. Tüm populasyonlardan elde edilen FST değeri
populasyonlardaki genetik heterojeniteyi doğrulamaktadır (FST=
0.59310). Genetik analizler, B. tauricus populasyonlarının coğrafik
olarak farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.
... The Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) is an alien species in the European ichthyofauna, commonly thought to have been introduced from eastern Asia for breeding purposes (Tóth, Várkonyi, Hidas, Edviné Meleg, & Váradi, 2005;Sakai, Iguchi, Yamazaki, Sideleva, & Goto, 2009). C. gibelio is the most abundant and widespread species of Carassius auratus complex in Europe (Kalous, Bohlen, Rylková, & Petrtýl, 2012;Rylková, & Kalous, 2013). C. auratus complex includes diploids and polyploids exhibiting asexual and sexual reproduction modes (Gui & Zhou, 2010;Bai, Liu, Li, & Yue, 2011;Jiang et al., 2013;Šimková, Hyršl, Halačka, & Vetešník, 2015). ...
... A wide spectrum of ecological tolerance and extraordinary resistance to adverse environmental conditions enabled C. gibelio to successively and progressively spread to various water bodies (Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007;Grabowska, Kotusz, & Witkowski, 2010;Boroń et al., 2011). Moreover, this species frequently hybridizes with other cyprinids, especially with the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), which is native in Europe as well as with C. auratus and common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sayer et al., 2011Mezhzerin, Kokodii, Kulish, Verlatii, & Fedorenko, 2012;Wouters, Janson, Lusková, & Olsén, 2012;Rylková & Kalous, 2013). These hybrids show high morphological similarity and reveal better adaptations to unfavourable conditions than their parental species. ...
... Apart from arising of C. gibelio hybrids, the simultaneous occurrence of diploid (2n=100) males and females and triploid (3n=150-160) females in its many populations Rylková & Kalous, 2013;Kang et al., 2014) makes the identification of this species more unclear, especially as some C. gibelio populations remain unisexual, composed of triploid females (Jiang et al., 2013). In higher eukaryotes, the sequence of 5S rDNA is organized in repetitive units, which consist of coding a conservative sequence with 120 base pairs and non-coding flanking sequence NTS. ...
The Prussian carp may occur as diploid (2n=100) and/or triploid (3n=150) individuals, co-existing in many natural populations. The simultaneous occurrence of individuals with different ploidy makes the taxonomy of this species unclear. Additionally, the taxonomic status of C. gibelio has become even more enigmatic due to its hybridizing with other non-indigenous cyprinids. Since the variation within 5S rDNA can serve as a suitable marker for molecular identification of the fish ploidy, the main aim of present study was to compare this rDNA sequence between Prussian carp individuals with different ploidy levels: diploids (2n =100) and triploids (3n=150-160). PCR amplification of 5S rDNA generated two bands of approximately 340 and 470 bp in length (in both diploids and triploids) and band 200 bp visible in some individuals. These results indicate the presence of at least two different classes of 5S rRNA gene. Analysis of their nucleotide composition revealed no differences within the class of 340 bp and several nucleotide differences within the class of 470 bp between diploid and triploid individuals. The 5S rDNA variability detected in this study indicates the potential usefulness of this sequence for the identification of diploid and triploid individuals of the Prussian carp.
Background
Invasive gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) has become well-established in the Hungarian waters and now are spreading in the European waters. On major concern now is the potential hybridization between gibel carp and the other invasive species in the Carassius auratus complex (CAC), which may further accelerate the spread of the whole invasive species complex. The identification of gibel carp and their hybrids is difficult because of its morphological similarity to the other species in CAC. Here we carry out a genomic assessment to understand the history of gibel carp invasion and its phylogenetic relationship with the other species in CAC. Three loci of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, CoI, Cytb) were used to determine the phylogenetic origin of individuals and relarionship among six gibel carp populations and the other species in the CAC.
Methodolgy
A total of 132 gibel carp samples from six locations in Southern Transdanubia (Hungary) were collected after phenotypic identification to measure the genetic diversity within and among gibel carp populations of Southern Transdanubia (Hungary). The genetic background was examined by the sequences of the mitochondrial genome: D-loop, Cytochrome c oxidase I (CoI) and Cytochrome b (Cytb). Mitochondrial genetic markers are excellent tools for phylogenetic studies because they are maternally inherited. Successfully identified haplotypes were aligned and with reference sequences in nucleotide databases ( i.e., NCBI-BLAST: National Centre for Biotechnology Information and BOLD: Barcode of Life Data System). The phylogenetic relationships among gibel carp populations were then analyzed together with the reference sequences to understand the relationship and the level of hybridization with the species in CAC.
Results
Among the 132 aligned D-loop sequences 22 haplotypes were identified. Further examination of representative individuals of the 22 haplotypes, six Cytb and four CoI sequences were detected. The largest number of haplotypes of all three loci were found in Lake Balaton, the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Based on the NCBI-BLAST alignment of the D-loop, haplotypes of Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius a. buergeri in CAC were identified in the C. gibelio samples. Further analysis of haplotypes with the other two mitochondrial markers confirmed the occurrence of intragenus hybridization of C. gibelio in the Hungarian waters.
Conclusion
By using three mitochondrial markers (D-loop, Cytb, CoI), we genomically characterized a gibel carp-complex in Hungarian waters and assessed the C. gibelio phylogenetic status between them. Hybrid origin of locally invasive Carassius taxon was detected in Hungary. It points out that invasive species are not only present in Hungary but reproduce with each other in the waters, further accelerating their spread.
The present study was carried out to demonstrate the baseline values for some serum biochemical parameters for 64 adult freshwater fish including seven species belong to family Cyprinidae, have been collected in Dukan Lake, Kurdistan region-Iraq. Fishes were weighed, measured, and collect blood for blood chemistry. Serum biochemical analyses were determined using (Cobas C 311) full automatic chemical analyzer. The result of comparative study of serum biochemical parameters of all Cyprinidae species showed that serum glucose was (459.10±106.99 mg/dl) and direct bilirubin was (0.056±0.021mg/dl) in Barbus grypus, serum total protein (3.511± 0.0484gm/dl) and HDL (133.11±0.4231mg/dl) in Cyprinus carpio, serum cholesterol (338.33±43.923 mg/dl) and LDL (86.11±11.871mg/dl) in Carassius carassius, serum triglyceride (420.0±28.8mg/dl) and ALK (113.93±20.65U/L) in Chondrostoma regium, serum AST and serum ALT in Capoeta trutta, were significantly higher when compared to other species. In a conclusion there is variation in biochemical values among species of same family.
