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Map of study area and location of sampling sites in the four West Africa countries. Burkina Faso: SA, Sarya; TI, Tiogo. Togo: OK, Oti‐Kéran; FM, Fazao‐Malfakassa; AB, Abdoulaye; AK, Plateau Akposso; TO, Togodo. Benin: KA, Koussoukpa; AD, Adakplamè; HO, Houin; BA, Bassila; PE, Pénessoulou; WA, Bénin Parc W. Niger: NI, Niger Parc W; NN, Tamou
Source publication
To study the genetic diversity and structure of the forest species Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., seventeen polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized, using next-generation sequencing. Three hundred and sixty-five (365) individuals were analyzed within fifteen (15) West African populations. The number of alleles for t...
Citations
... Cross-species transferability of SSRs in P. santalinus From the literature survey, SSRs from two Pterocarpus species i.e., P. indicus (Larekeng 2019) and P. erinaceus (Johnson et al. 2020) were obtained, in addition to that, the whole genome sequence of P. erinaceus was downloaded from NCBI SRA (ERR7619753) and assembly was constructed using MEGAHIT (Galaxy v 1.2.9) (Li et al. 2015). SSRs were identified and primers were designed using Krait V.1.3.3 (Du et al. 2018). ...
... Information on genetic diversity and structure is of great significance for formulating conservation strategies for the germplasm resources of endangered species. High polymorphic and codominant SSRs have been used to evaluate This was similar to the study done in P. erinaceus (Johnson et al. 2020) and Dalbergia odorifera (Liu et al. 2019a, b) and contrary, to Millettia pinnata (Huang et al. 2016) and M. truncatula (Wang et al. 2014), where dinucleotide repeat motifs were predominant. The (A/T)n repeat motif was the most predominant mononucleotide repeat motif similar to the results observed in other Fabaceae plant species (Wang et al. 2014;Huang et al. 2016;Hong et al. 2020). ...
... Level of genetic diversity was determined by ecological and evolutionary history (Hamrick and Godt 1996), hybridization (Arft andRanker 1998 andHegde et al. 2006), and founder effect or somatic mutation (Aboukhalid et al. 2017). Similar level of genetic diversity was reported in the Fabaceae family namely P. erinaceus (Johnson et al. 2020), Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Bessega et al. 2013) wherein the He values was 0.57, 0.57 and 0.61. The CPV population had more private alleles (Np = 5.29) and allelic richness (Na = 11.15) ...
Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. (red sanders) is an endemic, endangered and economically important tree species distributed in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. This tree is well known for its blood-red coloured timber which has a high value in the international market. Due to its high timber demand, illegally logging of red sanders has resulted in fragmentation and depletion of its natural populations. Assessing the genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the identification of distinct populations of red sanders in the natural habitat for prioritizing conservation efforts. The present study has focussed on genome sequencing, identification and validation of microsatellite markers of P. santalinus. A total of 282,918 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified using whole genome sequence from P. santalinus leaf tissue. A total of 28 SSRs were selected for polymorphism analysis across the 52 individuals belonging to three populations of P. santalinus and identified a sum of 502 alleles with polymorphic information content of 0.83; observed heteozygosity (Ho) 0.42 and expected heterozygosity (He) 0.69. Genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) of 0.19 (FST < 0.25) which is indicating moderate genetic differentiation among the populations. Six SSRs from P. indicus Willd. and P. erinaceus Poir. were successfully amplified in P. santalinus and produced 131 alleles. These newly identified SSRs are useful in detecting genetic diversity and further developing conservation strategies for P. santalinus.
... However, available studies that focused on the impact of CC on the distribution of the species (Saliou et al., 2015) did not integrate the evolutionary processes of the species' niche. Moreover, a recent study by Johnson et al. (2020) in West Africa showed that there is strong allelic variability within P. erinaceus populations, but the impact of CC on this variability has not been properly explored. Knowledge of the existence of climatic niche differentiation or conservatism within the species populations may guide future studies on intraspecific phenotypic and genetic diversity. ...
Climate change is predicted to affect species distribution worldwide. Most of the methods used to evaluate such impact so far assume that species respond to the environmental gradients in a uniform way along their distribution range. Because populations occupying different niches may differ in their response to climate change due to local adaptation, accounting for intraspecific variation in species distribution models (SDMs) may yield more reliable predictions for widely distributed species. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir is a highly valued but endangered tree species, which occurs in the Sudanian (SZ), Sudano-Guinean (SGZ) and Guinean (GZ) ecological zones of Benin. Here, we used two (whole-species and intraspecific-level) SDM approaches to evaluate how local adaptation, quantified through niche differentiation, influences the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of P. erinaceus in Benin. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm was employed to simulate the current and future distributions of the species under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) climate scenarios. The results showed three distinct populations of the species according to the ecological zones of Benin. The intraspecific populations displayed no niche overlap and thus were considered as locally adapted. Mean diurnal range was the main variable that determined the current distribution of the SZ population (percent contribution of 45.9%) while the distribution of the SGZ and GZ populations were determined by isothermality (percent contribution of 58.7% and 76.2%, respectively). While the whole-species SDMs showed that climate change would lead to significant reductions in the species suitable habitats in SZ under SSP2–4.5, SSP1–2.6, and SSP5–8.5, the SDMs based on intraspecific populations indicated a high decrease in habitat suitability in the GZ and an upward shift of the SGZ towards the SZ under the future climate scenarios. Our results suggest that incorporating intraspecific variation into SDMs improves predictions of the impact of climate change and helps to identify appropriate population-based conservation strategies.
... It has been reported that preservation period has a strong influence on DNA recovery rate from dry wood, as genomic DNA would be degraded throughout the year [9]. In previous studies, DNA extracted from heartwood tissues often had problems such as amplification failure, allelic dropout or inconsistent genotyping, which largely limited applicability of heartwood for authenticity profiling [13]. A major reason for low amplification success rate of DNA from dried, aged wood samples is the co-existence of high content of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds which are difficult to remove. ...
... Many forest species have shown inter-provenance variation in seed length and width, including Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. (Fredrick et al., 2015), Pinus roxbrughii (Ghildiyal et al., 2009), Celtis australis (Singh et al., 2006), Argania spinosa (Belcadi Haloui et al., 2017), and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Johnson et al., 2020), suggesting that seed length and width are strongly influenced by geographical origins (Harel et al., 2011;Singh and Thapliyal, 2012;Madjelia and Kadidiatou, 2015;Belcadi Haloui et al., 2017;Louati et al., 2019). Geographical origin is under the influence of climatic and soil factors, which are responsible for the overall variation in plant traits (Joswig et al., 2022). ...
Knowledge of oilseeds plants’ traits and features is fundamental to understanding the natural selection process and improving conservation programs through species selection. As a forest oilseed, Ricinodendron heudelotii is the object of growing interest among value chain actors, who are increasingly interested in its intrinsic characteristics. To date, there is a lack of information on plant morphological traits for the selection of the best genotype, especially as far as seed and kernel traits are concerned. The aim of this study was to make a typology and establish the relationship between seed and kernel traits of Ricinodendron heudelotii, depending on provenances represented by wild populations of trees in southern Benin. We sampled the provenances constituted equally and per tree, ten random samples each of fruits, seeds, kernels, and shells were collected for measurement. Hierarchical classification, common component analysis, Pearson’s, and Chi-square association tests were performed for statistical analysis. Substantial variation between seed and kernel traits was observed between and within provenances. High coefficients of variation for the quantitative descriptors (length, width, and mass) of seeds and kernels appear to be the essential traits that discriminate the plant into two morphotypes. Furthermore, seed and kernel characteristics show a significant positive correlation with these discrimination criteria. The upper morphotype contains accessions from three provenances with huge seeds and kernels but few seeds per fruit, while the lower morphotype includes the other provenances with tiny seeds and kernels. The results of the study provided essential information that could be an avenue for improvement with further biochemical and molecular characterization studies.
... Mean Shannon's diversity index ranged from 0.13 to 1.55 and the mean genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.35 (Goba 2020). Using next-generation sequencing to study the genetic diversity and structure of Pterocarpus erinaceus, Johnson et al. 2020c isolated and characterized seventeen polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. Three hundred and sixty-five (365) individuals were analysed within fifteen (15) West African populations. ...
Owing to decades of inordinate exploitation of African rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus) and threats to its sustainability, multiple efforts by researchers to ensure its restoration and conservation have led to a proliferation of research and knowledge. The multiplicity of research and knowledge has left a gap in developing a coherent conservation and sustainable management strategy for the species because, the body of knowledge is not well-organized, it is patchy and sometimes conflicting. This study addresses this gap by consolidating the existing body of knowledge on the species through a scoping review of 225 publications on rosewood (1974–2020) in West and Central Africa. The results present current knowledge, gaps, and future research needs for the restoration, sustainable utilisation and conservation of rosewood in nine thematic areas namely; genetics, ecology, silviculture and forest management, wood technology, regeneration, propagation and growth, pharmacology, socioeconomic use, trade and governance, microorganic symbiosis, and climate change vulnerability.
... Practically, this strategy will consist of conserving plots containing P. erinaceus, cultivated within the ecological niche of the species so that the young populations establish a bridge in terms of gene flow among various sub-populations. Thus, the research work carried out by Johnson et al. (2020), Ouinsavi et al. (2019), and Rabiou et al. (2017b) on the isolation of microsatellites and vegetative propagation of P. erinaceus, respectively, could serve as a basis to ensure the species preservation. ...
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir, a spontaneous species from Guinean savannahs of West Africa, functions as socioeconomic and cultural livelihood in rural areas of Benin. This study improved the knowledge of people about the uses of P. erinaceus organs connected to the sociolinguistic diversity in Benin, intending to enhance the pathways of conservation and sustainable management of the species. A total of 506 respondents from nine big sociolinguistic groups were interviewed using a survey questionnaire. To show the diversity of the organs/parts used as well as the categories of uses, principal component analyzes were performed to matrices including the relative frequencies of citation grouping the socio-demographic factors and the categories of uses, together under the packages FactoMineR and factoextra. The results revealed the use of all P. erinaceus organs in various forms of use for various purposes and make it an important species of livelihood for the local people. Sixty-four diseases, symptoms, or pathologies are cured by using P. erinaceus organs. These various uses of P. erinaceus varied among the sociolinguistic groups. The results of the study suggest the need to define conservation strategies for the natural stands of P. erinaceus to ensure sustainable management of the species.
Deforestation is a serious threat to the environment and biodiversity worldwide and particularly in Côte d'Ivoire. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies for environmental preservation and sustainable biodiversity management. This study aims to optimise the cultivation of three heavily exploited native forest species in Côte d'Ivoire, namely Khaya senegalensis, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Parkia biglobosa. First, 1080 seeds and 360 seedlings per species were used for a germination and growth study of seedlings in two distinct environments (dry and humid). Then, an architectural and retrospective analysis of axes in the crown of 360 young, adult and old individuals per species was carried out in two habitats (open environment and undergrowth) in six localities following a South-North bioclimatic gradient in Côte d'Ivoire. Finally, developmental parameters were calculated using the Montecarlo process, while secondary growth and source-sink relationships were calibrated with Pressler's law using the generalized least squares method through the GreenLab structure-function model, on a sample of 180 plants aged 6, 12 and 24 months per species. The results showed that large seeds of Khaya senegalensis (0.25-0.37 g), Pterocarpus erinaceus (0.08-0.15 g) and Parkia biglobosa (0.2-0.32 g) are quality seeds that can produce efficient seedlings for optimising reforestation success. The retrospective analysis made it possible to identify development difficulties and favourable areas (Katiola, Bouaké and Toumodi) for the cultivation of the target species. The architectural analysis established the unity and architectural characteristics of the target species. Khaya senegalensis follows Rauh's architectural model with 4 axis categories, while Pterocarpus erinaceus and Parkia biglobosa follow Troll's model with 3 axis categories. The meristematic activity laws coupled with organ sinks (D: Demand), photosynthesis (Q: Offer) and organic series (Q/D: Trophic pressure and organ expansion of Beta laws), have allowed to simulate the architecture of the species in 3D synthetic imaging. These new results lead to a computational plant model adapted to the needs of forestry from a new angle. They make it possible to envisage new agronomic and forestry applications in Côte d'Ivoire. These results represent important support tools that can contribute to the sustainable management of target species and serve as a basis for restructuring forest regeneration policy in Côte d'Ivoire.
Key words: Architecture, modelling, Khaya senegalensis, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Parkia biglobosa, Côte d'Ivoire.
Background
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a spontaneous species from the three ecological zones of Benin. It is multipurpose species integrated to the socio-economic and cultural livelihood of populations, especially in rural areas. This study examined the different uses made of the organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus in Benin in relation to sociolinguistic diversity with a view to highlighting the knowledge of local populations on Pterocarpus erinaceus and the threats to the species.
Methods
A total of 355 respondents, spread over 18 townships in Benin, were interviewed using a questionnaire. About 57 uses shared into 7 categories of use have been identified from the different sociolinguistic and socio-professional groups. Relative citation frequencies (FRC) of each habitat were then calculated for the description of habitat variation according to Ecological zones (EZ). In order to describe the diversification of the categories of uses and the organs / part of the tree, Principal component analyzes are carried out on the matrices comprising relative citation frequencies (FRC) grouping together the socio-demographic factors and the categories of use under the packages FactoMineR and factoextra
Results
This study revelated that the wood of Pterocarpus erinaceus is used (25.43%) in crafts, as charcoal, and service wood, while the leaves are mainly used (23.14%) as fodder and by traditional medecine. Concerning the roots and bark, they are used (27.14%) not only for evil spirits and bewitchment but also in animal medecine in cattle. About 60 diseases and symptoms are cured by the various organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus. These different uses of Pterocarpus erinaceus varied from one sociolinguistic group to another.
Conclusion
The study showed that all organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus are used in various forms of use for various purposes and make it an important species for rural communities. This result suggests the need to define conservation strategies for natural stands of Pterocarpus erinaceus for the sustainable management of the species.
