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In this study, concentrations of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS in the edible tissues of common sole (Solea solea Linnaeus, 1758), whiting (Merlangius merlangus Linnaeus, 1758), silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forssk?l, 1775) and muscle-exoskeleton of green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844), from the seas of ?skenderun Bay, E...
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Absorption of heavy metals through swampy agricultural soils may have serious consequences on human health. Present study determined the levels of Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) using X-Ray Spectrometry in 10 swampy agricultural soils. The result of this study revealed that, the heavy me...
Environmental pollution, especially of water bodies, is one of the major problems and it is increased day by day. The contamination of environment with various toxic metals is a serious threat for ecosystem and human health. Industrial effluents may contain toxic metals, harmful volatile compounds and several organic and inorganic compounds such as...
Citations
... Literature studies have revealed that the environmental transport of heavy metals is predominantly governed by their interactions with water, sediments, and aquatic organisms, as well as their interplay with other metals and various environmental conditions. These intricate reactions play a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of heavy metal transport within ecosystems [23,24]. ...
... Based on the data presented in FIG. 2, it is evident that the cadmium (Cd) levels in all the analyzed samples were found to be below the maximum permissible limits set by both the Turkish Standards (0.1 mg·kg -1 ) and the EU commission (0.05 mg·kg -1 ) for Cd concentration [24,25,26]. The water metal concentrations observed in this study were attributed to anthropogenic waste, industrial residue discharge, and the use of agricultural chemicals. ...
... μg·g -1 . TABLE I shows, that the Cd concentrations of all examined samples were below the maximum allowed Cd levels by Turkish Standards which is 0.1 mg·kg -1 [24] and EU commission' s allowed Cd concentration, which is 0.05 mg·kg -1 [26]. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and concerning contaminant that can be found in various sources and is transported through both water and air pathways. ...
The This study evaluates the potential human health risks associated with five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in Capoeta tinca fish. It assesses the heavy metal burden in the muscle, gill, and liver tissues of C. tinca, and estimates the potential health risks for consumers by employing estimated daily intake (EDI) and standard hazard ratios (THQ) related to heavy metal consumption. Fish and water samples were taken from three different Regions as Sincan Brook (Sivas–Hafik), Habeş Brook (Sivas–Zara), and Tozanlı Brook (Sivas–Hafik), Turkey. The heavy metal concentrations in the brook water were found to be higher than the established safe for safety threshold in all the sampling points. Besides that, the values were observed to be lower than the allowed limits. Considering the fish tissues, the Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were found to be higher than the safe limits predicted by WHO. The findings indicate that the liver of C. tinca fish exhibited the highest accumulation of heavy metals across all sampling areas. The highest heavy metal concentrations found in fish muscles were found to be (Cu) 2.51 ± 0.91 μg·g-1, (Cr) 0.45 ± 0.03 μg·g-1, (Cd) 0.88 ± 0.04 μg·g-1, (Pb) 2.04 ± 0.03 μg·g-1, and (Zn) 13.12 ± 1.08 μg·g-1. The descending order of heavy metal accumulation in gills was found to be Zn > Cu >Pb > Cd > Cr. Moreover, for each heavy metal, the Bio–concentration factor (BCF) index, Acceptable Daily Intake, EDI, and THQ (<1) values were found to be lower than the limits set in the international standards, indicating that no elements posing a threat to public health were encountered, thus not posing a short–term risk.
... The utilization of Glycogen and lipids for energy metabolism in fish are closely interrelated. Fish can use products of fat metabolism and lipids from carbohydrate metabolism to produce Glycogen, which may vary due to physiological processes during the pre-spawning period and environmental factors that affect the organism's functional activity [38,61,62]. These factors could influence the differences observed in fish, as noted by studies conducted by [48,51]. ...
Bardawil Lake is a unique aquatic ecosystem that provides a habitat for various fish and other marine organisms. This study aimed to analyze the quality of fish species to prove that this lake is free of pollution, not other Egyptian lakes, due to the accumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in various tissues of fish species that were caught from this lake. Thirty-five fish samples were caught during the Spring of 2018 from seven different species: Mugil cephalus, Liza auratus, Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Siganus rivulatus, Anguilla angilla, and Solae solea. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods using a spectrophotometer determined the biochemical composition. In contrast, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was employed to determine the heavy metals expressed by µg/g wet weight. Results exposed that the accumulation of essential micronutrient (Cu, Zn) content was higher than toxic elements (Cd & Pb) in muscles in order to Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Muscles < gills < liver in order of all metals except Pb with order muscles < liver < gills. The metals studied in the muscles were lower than those set by the WHO and the EU standards. The carcinogenic risk with lower allowable limits of 1 × 10–6 to 1 × 10–4 in both normal and high consumption groups; target and total target hazard quotients (THQ & HI) in muscles were < 1. The biochemical composition level was highest in the liver, except for protein, which was highest in muscle for all fish species. There is no evidence of harmful contaminants in the muscular tissue of the fish sampled from Bardawil Lake, although fishing activity. However, customers should know that health concerns may be associated with overeating fish.
... TMs are mainly conservative pollutants as they are nonbiodegradable and not destroyed by bacterium and other natural agents. When TMs reach water bodies, they become available to aquatic ecology and accumulate in fish and in other aquatic organisms like seaweed [4], shrimp [5], crab [6,7], bivalve mollusk [8], and dolphin [9]. The possible routes for TM bioaccumulation are the respiratory system (i.e., gills), adsorption (i.e., skin), and ingestion (i.e., food). ...
Fish as seafood is a bioindicator for chemical substances like trace metals in the water systems that accumulate in fish bodies. Fe and Zn as essential and Pb, Ni, and Cd as heavy metals were quantitatively analyzed in fish muscle samples by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Model AAnalyst-700). Fe and Zn’s results agreed with the food quality guidelines. Fe was the highest in the range of 2.6–9.4 in mg kg⁻¹. The Zn content indicates the contribution of anthropogenic agents through the food chain. Ni > Pb > Cd was found in marine fish species and Pb > Ni > Cd in freshwater fish. The results have been explored for source appraisal of bioaccumulated trace metals and categorized selected marine and freshwater species based on characteristics (like life cycle and habitats) by applying multivariate principal component analysis to risk assessment parameters. The Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to the risk assessment parameters for interdependencies of metals. Interestingly, synchronized outcomes were obtained with trace metal data. The study results were interpreted in the context of the fish type, habitat, surroundings, feed, life cycle, etc. The living habitats strongly affect trace metal accumulation, target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TR) attributes. The fishermen’s community was at higher risk for carcinogenic effects than other seafood consumers. Overall, determinations for fish species were under safe limits as described by international regulatory bodies (FAO, WHO, ANHMRC, WAA).
... The average Hg and As concentrations of whiting from Edremit Bay were found to be higher than those in Saros Bay, as expected (Tables 2 and 3). Unlike our study, Güngör and Kara (2018) determined higher As levels (Kaya and Turkoglu 2017). In contrast to our study, whiting obtained from commercial fishing in Türkiye had higher Cd (0.55 mg/kg) and Pb (0.93 mg/kg) concentrations (Uluozlu et al. 2007). ...
Bays are vulnerable ecosystems generally located near densely populated areas where toxic metals tend to accumulate and stay longer, affecting marine life. This study aimed to investigate the age-based health risks arising from Hg, Cd, Pb, and As in demersal fish captured from two major bays in the Aegean Sea. For this purpose, red mullet, whiting, piper gurnard, and tub gurnard, frequently consumed species, were caught from Saros and Edremit Bays. Toxic metal concentrations were determined from the muscle tissue of fish. Health risk assessments were conducted by the estimation of weekly intake (EWI), provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total THQ (TTHQ), and target carcinogenic risk (TR). Red mullet from Edremit Bay was the species with the highest toxic metal levels, which were 1.597 mg/kg, 0.041 mg/kg, 0.070 mg/kg, and 19.351 mg/kg for Hg, Cd, Pb, and As, respectively. Whiting from Edremit Bay had higher mean concentrations of Hg and As than those from Saros Bay. The levels of Hg, Pb, and As (0.328, 0.043, and 0.574 mg/kg) in the tub gurnard were higher in comparison with the piper gurnard (0.252, 0.020, and 0.382 mg/kg) caught in the same station in Saros. TTHQs of red mullet and whiting from the same bay were found to be > 1, indicating potential health risks for all nine age categories studied. On the other hand, TTHQs of all species from Saros Bay were determined to be > 1 for the first four age categories, which might trigger health risks for children and adolescents. According to the TR index for Pb, no risk was determined for the fish from both bays. However, TR calculations for inorganic As indicated high cancer risk in most of the age categories for red mullet and whiting from Edremit Bay. To sum up, the results revealed that the fish captured from Edremit Bay posed serious health risks in terms of Hg and As concentrations for all nine age categories. Surveillance and monitoring of toxic metal levels in demersal fish and population-based health risk evaluation are vital in heavily populated bays.
... The mean concentrations of essential heavy metals (Fe, Zn and Cu) are detected to be higher in the muscle of S. sihama collected from Shif Island, Bushehr Province, Iran (Mirmohammadvali and Solgi, 2018;Solgi and Mirmohammadvali, 2021). However, the lower levels of non-essential metals are recorded in the fish collected from the Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (Kaya and Turkoglu, 2017). Like these reports, the present work detected higher accumulation of essential heavy metals (Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu) but lower accumulation of non-essential metals (Cd, Pb and Hg). ...
... The levels of Cd in all four fish species were within the permissible seafood intake level of 0.05 μg/g set by the European Commission [10]. Cadmium concentrations obtained in this study for all four fish species were also lower than those obtained in other pelagic and demersal fish species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Regions [40,54], Sarkar et al. [48] from Bangladesh, Kaya and Turkoglu [31] from Turkey and Olmedo et al. [44] from Spain. Contrary to the other metals, Hg, ranged in concentration from 0.021 μg/g to 0.137 μg/g and followed the order S. maderensis < P. notialis < S. sphyreana < D. angolensis, as opposed to P. notialis, which recorded the highest levels of all the other metals. ...
Heavy metal pollution of the marine environment has toxic implications for both the aquatic biota and human health. We examined the levels of Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) in muscles of Sardinella maderensis, Dentex angolensis, Sphyraena sphyraena and Penaeus notialis caught from the coastal waters of Ghana using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. Penaeus notialis recorded the highest concentrations of all the metals (Cu:12.08 ± 1.46 µg/g, Zn: 19.20 ± 2.27 µg/g, As: 8.46 ± 2.42 µg/g, and Cd: 0.03 ± 0.01 µg/g) except Hg. Mercury was relatively very high in D. angolensis (0.14 ± 0.03 µg/g). Apart from As, all metals were within globally permissible daily limits for consumption by human per meal. The estimated Target Hazard Quotient due to the intake of Hg through D. angolensis consumption exceeded the threshold value across all age categories. Carcinogenic risks due to As intake through P. notialis consumption far exceeded the 10⁻⁶ threshold for all age groups in Ghana. It is recommended that the consumption of these fish species particularly, the shrimp P. notialis be done cautiously to avoid possible future health challenges.
... Iskenderun Bay, located in the Northeast Mediterranean, is an important ecological and economic region due to its aquatic biodiversity and aquaculture potential (Aytekin et al., 2019;. In addition, there are studies on the levels of metals reaching the Gulf of Iskenderun in aquaculture as a result of increased agricultural, urban, and industrial activity, as well as the potential health risks associated with human consumption of these products (Aytekin et al., 2019;Duysak and Ersoy, 2014;Kaya and Turkoglu, 2017;Kaymacı and Altun, 2016). Therefore, in similar studies, monitoring the metal levels of seafood products periodically and carrying out risk assessments based on their consumption is recommended (Asare et al., 2018;Rakib et al., 2021;Sobihah et al., 2018;. ...
Contamination of the aquatic environment and living things with pollutants is increasing daily. Among these pollutants, heavy metals come to the forefront regarding toxicological and public health due to their widespread use, toxicity, and resistance to degradation, as well as accumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. The study aimed to determine the essential (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and non-essential (As, Al, Cd, Pb) metal concentrations by ICP-OES of Metapenaeus monoceros, Penaeus japonicus, Penaeus semisulcatus (n=30) caught from the Northeastern Mediterranean, Iskenderun Bay. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were under LOD. The concentration (ppm) ranges were Al: 0.73-38.89, As: 2.18-9.68, Cu: 28.96-69.01, Fe: 7.85-241.36, Mn: 0.44-1.28, and Zn: 51.71-108.51 for all species. Except for the As concentrations, the differences between mean concentrations of metals in shrimp species were not statistically significant. When the results of the study are compared with the findings of other studies on shrimps caught from the Iskenderun Bay, it shows that Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb contamination levels decreased, while Cu, Fe, and Zn contamination levels increased.
... Therefore, the findings of the present study are confirmed. On the contrary, another research on the edible tissues of aquatic animals, the average concentrations of all metals, except for arsenic and chromium, were lower than the permissible values, while the amount of arsenic in shrimp was higher than the permissible limit that consumption may be a risk to public health [35]. ...
Heavy metal accumulation changes the immune system and leads to oxidative damage in aquatic animals. The present study evaluated the correlation between heavy metal accumulation, with immunological and oxidative stress parameters, in various species in the aquatic environment of Western Iran. Fresh samples included fish (trout and carp) and shrimp obtained from Sanandaj aquaculture. After blood sampling and serum isolation for immunological study, meat sections of these animals were used to measure heavy metal concentrations to determine the oxidative stress and immunological parameters. The highest concentrations of Pb (0.82 ± 0.10), As (0.53 ± 0.18), Hg (0.47 ± 0.08), and Zn (28.77 ± 1.88) (µg/g) were found in trout, while the lowest accumulation of heavy metals except for Cd (0.24 ± 0.11) and Se (1.57 ± 0.42) (µg/g) were observed in shrimp. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (1.89 ± 0.13) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (1.96 ± 0.62) U/mg showed the highest concentrations in shrimp and lowest in the trout. Significant negative correlations were found between these enzymes with As and Pb in trout and carp. A significant positive correlation was determined between Se and Zn with GPx and a negative correlation with malondialdehyde (MDA) in shrimp. Immunological biomarkers indicated the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-Ƴ were higher in fish than in shrimp, and the lowest IgM level was obtained in Shrimp. Increased Pb and Cd showed a significant relationship with increased IL-6 and TNF-α in trout compared to shrimp and carp. An increase in As and Se concentration beyound maximum permissible limits (MPL) were recorded in fish and shrimp, while a Zn level less than MPL was recorded. The target hazard quotients (THQ) and target cancer risk (TR) values of non-essential heavy metals were obtained under acceptable ranges. We suggest reducing the As and Pb content under aquaculture farms and increase in the amount of Zn through diets to keep healthy immunological and physiological conditions for aquatic species in the west of Iran.
... The organs were then separated, carefully weighed, and digested by conc. HNO 3 in Teflon tubes according to the procedure outlined by UNEP/IOC/IAEA/FAO (1990) (Staniskiene et al., 2006;Kaya and Turkoglu, 2017). When the first yellowish vapor stopped, digestion was complete. ...
Background
Heavy metal contamination has become a serious issue in this century especially detected in fish organs. Due to the presence of radioactive compounds in agricultural and sewage effluent, which destroys aquatic ecosystems, threatening human livelihoods. Health hazards associated with low and high consumption consumers assessed in five commercial fish species collected from Hurghada City, Egypt, during winter and summer, 2020. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique used for determination heavy meals in different organs and expressed as μg/g wet weight.
Results
Heavy metal concentrations in muscle ranged between:(0.054-0.109), (0.260-1.043), (0.264-0.897), (5.895-11.898), (0.381-0.970), (13.582-29.133) and (0.332-0.589) µg/g for Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ni respectively, which were lower than those of gills and liver. These concentrations were within WHO, FAO/WHO, and EU standards. Consumption of edible species was lower than the (TDIs) established by the (JECFA) and Egyptian Standards. Even though THQ and TTHQ values were <1 while, in children with highly consumer were>1.
Conclusion
This study concluded that intake of Red Sea fish is safe for human health. It is critical for consumers to be aware of the consequences of excessive fish consumption, particularly children with highly consumer, which represent possible health risks.
... However, the THQ values for Cr, As, and Cd are greater than 1 indicating that they may pose a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health after consumption. Our results are in line with the results of Liu et al. (2015) and Kaya and Turkoglu (2017) who reported that all the THQ values of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Ni, Mn, Co in the muscles of fish species from Hainan and Iskenduran Bay respectively were far below the maximum recommended level. However, some fish species had Cr and As levels in excess of the permitted maximum level. ...
Fish contamination with heavy metal (loid)s could be a serious threat to human health. In this study, the concentrations of twelve heavy metal (loid)s in the liver, kidney, gills, muscles, skin and bones were determined in five different fishes, collected from the Hainan Island, China. Results indicated that the average concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Se, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Co in the fish tissues were 75.56, 6.935, 4.76, 4.05, 3.298, 0.981, 0.732, 0.643, 0.585, 0.263, 0.232, and 0.08 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, the hierarchical order of the metal concentrations in fishes observed was Fe > Cu > Zn > Cr > Mn > Se > Ni > As > Hg > Cd > Pb > Co. Findings of our study revealed that the average maximum concentrations of biologically essential heavy metals were found higher than those of biologically non-essential heavy metals. An average maximum Fe content was present in the kidneys of all fish, followed by liver, then gills. However, skin, muscles and bones which are not metabolically active sites for bioaccumulation contained low concentration. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among the metal pairs. The THQ values for Cr, Cd, and As above 1 indicated a non-carcinogenic risk to human health. Integration of 12 heavy metal concentrations followed the order: metals in benthic fish > metals in demersal fish > metals in pelagic fish. Regular monitoring of the water and fish for heavy metals (loid)s should be done regularly to protect aquatic ecosystem and human health through targeted response measures.
