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The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between lithium mining and the environmental-social aspects of mining in the countries of the lithium triangle by analysing scientific research works and available statistical data, and applying economic theory to green extractivism. We investigate whether the countries of the lithium triangl...
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Context 1
... three countries (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile) with the largest lithium resources in South America form the so-called lithium triangle (Fig. 2). According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), identified lithium resources worldwide are distributed as follows: Bolivia, 21 million tons; Argentina, 20 million tons; United States, 12 million tons; Chile, 11 million tons; Australia, 7.9 million tons; China, 6.8 million tons; Germany, 3.2 million tons; Congo (Kinshasa), 3 million ...
Context 2
... to Article 8 of Act 16.319 on the establishment of CCHEN, lithium is classified as a mineral of national interest and only the Commission may grant a permit for lithium mining, the so-called CEOL (special lithium operation contract). To date, the Commission has granted nine CEOLs: Codelco Pedernales y Maricunga (Codelco for short) in , Minera Salar Blanco, Cominor, Simbalik, SQM (1996) and Albemarle (1980and 2016 (CCHEN, 2023). ...
Context 3
... most common reasons are water problems (shortage, unresolved water rights, threats to freshwater flows), lack of information about planned projects of mining companies, the violation of indigenous rights, lack of benefits and royalties from mining for local communities (Opinión, 2023;Reuters, 2023);Ahmad, 2020;Desaulty, 2023, Díaz Paz, 2022Dorn et al., 2022;Jerez et al., 2021). The table 1 summarizes other aspects as (Statista, 2023g, h, i). ...
