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The aim of this study is to determine seasonal changes in the blood levels of some heavy metals in three Turkey-specific cattle breed: Native Land (NL), Grizzle Race (GR), and South Anatolian Red (SR). Blood samples were collected in summer and winter seasons from a total of 180 cattle aged 12–24 months. The levels of the essential (Zn, Cu, Fe, Co...
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The aim of this study is to determine seasonal changes in the blood levels of some heavy metals in three Turkey-specific cat-tle breed: Native Land (NL), Grizzle Race (GR), and South Anatolian Red (SR). Blood samples were collected in summer and winter seasons from a total of 180 cattle aged 12–24months. The levels of the essential (Zn, Cu, Fe, Co...
Citations
... The amount of PFASs detected in the liver and muscle from female roe deer was significantly higher than that detected in roe bucks (Figure 4 and Tables S4 and S5). In the literature, it is reported that usually, females tend to accumulate higher amounts of xenobiotics in their tissues [42]. These findings are mainly related to PCBs, dioxins and several pesticides, and it has been assumed by several authors that those results are related to their differences in body composition. ...
Due to their physicochemical properties, per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) persist and bioaccumulate in living organisms, causing adverse health effects. Since exposure to xenobiotics is influenced by factors related to both the living organism and the considered compounds, biomonitoring PFASs’ presence in the environment is of crucial importance. This study aimed to detect and quantify 15 PFASs in the muscle and liver of 40 roe deer from a specific area in Northern Italy by UPLC-HRMS. In the roe deer, liver PFAS concentrations were higher than those seen in muscle (p < 0.05). Although PFAS content in animals from urbanized areas was higher than those found in deer from rural areas, this difference was not statistically significant. In female roe deer, the concentration was higher than in males (p < 0.05); moreover, older animals showed higher concentrations of PFASs in the liver than younger animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the amount of PFASs was higher in tissues from roe deer belonging to urbanized areas, showing that this species might serve as a good bioindicator due to its territorial behavior. PFAS content was significantly higher in female roe deer, although the reason is not fully known. Finally, PFAS concentration was higher in the liver of older animals, probably due to compromised hepatic function.
... The deficiency of essential elements gives rise to important results, including among others, decreased production yields and the disruption of homeostasis. On the other hand, the excessive dietary intake/overload of essential heavy metals causes toxicoses (Aluc and Ekici 2019;Kucukosmanoglu and Filazi 2020). ...
... This sourcing constitutes a main risk factor for the exposure of humans to heavy metals. Therefore, through the disruption of several biochemical processes, heavy metal bioaccumulation may lead to cardiovascular, nervous system, muscle, kidney and bone diseases (Aluc and Ekici 2019;Ogbomida et al. 2018). ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure of cattle to low levels of environmental pollution on trace metal metabolism. The assessment of heavy metal concentrations in blood samples is essential to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants on cattle production and to measure the uptake of pollutants by animals. For this purpose, cattle raised in villages at varying distances to the center of the Kars province were sampled for blood, and heavy metal concentrations were measured in the extracted sera. In total 150 blood samples were collected from 4-to 5-year-old cattle from 15 regions. Sera were extracted from the blood samples from the selected foci and analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) device for essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, Se, V) and non-essential (Pb, Cd and Hg, As, Al, Sn) heavy metals. Heavy metals were detected in the serum samples in the following order: Sn > Fe > Al > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > V > Ni > Mn > Hg. A confidence interval of 95% was used to evaluate all tests. Differences between the villages were insignificant for the Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Al, Co concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas differences between the villages were significant for the Fe, As, Ni, Mn (p < 0.05), Zn, Cr (p < 0.01), V and Sn (p < 0.001) concentrations. The results of this study show that heavy metals detected in bovine sera from the sampling area do not exceed the maximum permissible limits, suggesting limited exposure to heavy metals and no associated health risk to animals in the region.
... For example, the presence of small variations in the concentrations of trace elements in cattle feed can cause a substantial ing the possible short, medium and long-term impacts. Some aspects of animal production, such as breed and physiological state [19,20], antagonism between elements [21], productive practices adopted in livestock [22] and air quality and environmental quality in general [23][24][25], can have significant impacts on the concentrations and accumulation of these elements in animal tissues. The precise management of these elements in animal production is not an easy task, particularly in extensive production systems, due to the existence of a wide variety of environments, diversity of management practices, complex interactions between elements and biochemical processes and the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment [7,26,27]. ...
The objective was to investigate the context, approach and research topics present in the papers that analysed trace elements in beef cattle to identify gaps and scientific perspectives for the sustainable management of trace elements in livestock. The main research groups came from the United States, Spain, Japan, Brazil, India and Slovakia, which represented 31% of the papers produced. Only 37% of studies addressed aspects that integrated animal, environmental and human health. The reviewed papers concerned 56 elements and 15 bovine tissues (Cu, Zn, Pb, liver, muscle and kidney highlighted). The main gaps were (1) lack of research in developing countries, (2) the need to understand the impact of different environmental issues and their relationship to the conditions in which animals are raised, and (3) the need to understand the role of many trace elements in animal nutrition and their relationship to environmental and human health. Finally, we highlight possible ways to expand knowledge and provide innovations for broad emerging issues, primarily through expanding collaborative research networks. In this context, we suggest the adoption of the One Health approach for planning further research on trace elements in livestock. Moreover, the One Health approach should also be considered for managers and politicians for a sustainable environmental care and food safety.
Background and Aim
At present, detailed studies are being conducted to confirm the safety of the use of metal-containing ultrafine particles (UFP) in animal feeding, preventing the possibility of negative effects on productive qualities and physiological state, as well as on the environment and final consumer, that is, humans. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study the safety of cobalt- and manganese-containing UFP (UFP Co3O4, Mn2O3 UFP) together with Origanum vulgare (PB) herb extract in a bioluminescence inhibition test, as well as the effect of this composition on ruminal digestion in vitro.
Materials and Methods
The safety of the studied samples was determined using a multifunctional microplate analyzer TECAN Infinite F200 (Tecan Austria GmbH, Austria), recording the luminescence value of the bacterial strain Escherichia coli K12 TG11 (Ecolum, JSC NVO Immunotech, Russia). Dry matter (DM) digestibility studies were performed using the in vitro method on an “artificial rumen” model using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator unit (AD II; USA). The number of protozoa in ruminal fluid was counted in a Goryaev chamber. The bacterial mass was assessed by differential centrifugation followed by drying. This method is based on differences in the sedimentation rate of particles that differ in size and density.
Results
UFP Co3O4 and Mn2O3 at concentrations above 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ and 1.9 × 10⁻³ mol/L, respectively, have a pronounced bactericidal effect, suppressing more than 50% of the luminescence of E. coli K12 TG1. The combined use of UFP metals and plant extract increases the luminescence of the test object, indicating its safety. The combined use of UFP and PB increases the digestibility of feed DM in vitro and the number of protozoa in 1 mL of ruminal fluid; however, the combination of UFP Mn2O3 + PB (13.8%) yielded the best result, which is recommended for further in vivo research.
Conclusion
Origanum vulgare extract reduces the toxicity of UFP Co3O4 and Mn2O3 in vitro, indicating that their combined use is safer.
The effects of clinoptilolite on milk copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) concentrations, proinflammatory cytokine responses, oxidative stress status, whole blood cell counts and liver and kidney functions were investigated in dairy cows exhibiting no signs of any kind of toxicity. Clinoptilolite was added to the feed at a dose of 200 mg kg ⁻¹ body weight in the clinoptilolite-treated group ( n = 14), but was not added to the feed in the control group ( n = 7). In the milk samples ( n = 21) collected before the experiment, the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe values were 0.021 ± 0.020, 0.104 ± 0.01, 3.42 ± 0.32, <0.000, 0.56 ± 0.34 ppm, respectively. At the end of the experiment (30th day), among the elements measured in milk samples collected from the clinoptilolite-treated group, only the Pb value (0.076 ± 0.01) was lower than the 0-day value of the clinoptilolite-treated group (0.104 ± 0.01) and the 30th-day value of the control group (0.105 ± 0.01) was found to be statistically lower. Changes determined at the end of clinoptilolite application in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, glucose, urea and urine creatinine/urine total protein (uCr/uTP) values, which were interpreted as the effect of lead exposure before the trial, were evaluated as the positive effect of clinoptilolite. It was concluded that the addition of clinoptilolite to the feed in dairy cows caused a significant decrease in the amount of Pb in milk, and positive changes in the parameters related to oxidative stress in serum and in parameters related to renal function.
This study was conducted to investigate heavy metal concentrations and oxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in Angora cats at different age and gender. Sixteen young (less than 1 year old) and 14 adult (1-6 years old) cats were also grouped according to gender as male (n=17) and female (n=13). The separated plasma samples from cat’s blood were analyzed for selected heavy metals and total oxidant and antioxidant capacities (TOC and TAC) and calculated for oxidative stress index (OSI). The erythrocyte hemolysates were also evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Results of the study showed that most of measured metals were not varied statistically according to age or gender. However, adult cats had significantly (P<0.01) higher Cu and lower Fe levels compare to young cats. Plasma levels of TOC, TAC and OSI, and erythrocyte MDA concentrations in young cats were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of adults. While the SOD activity was decreased by the age, GPX activity was increased (P<0.05). However, the activity of CAT was changed by only gender which was higher in males (P<0.01). In conclusion, it is well known that metals especially trace elements, are required for many kinds of physiological process and the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, it can be suggested the periodic measurement of metals and the addition of common antioxidant supplements to diet of adult Angora cats will support weakening antioxidant mechanisms by the age
The aim of this work was to determine the content of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), strontium (Sr) and thallio (Tl) in blood, milk and urine from cows fed forage irrigated with sewage water and cultivated in the vicinity of the Popocatépetl volcano and determine the rate of transfer of these elements from blood to milk and urine. Digestion was performed in a microwave oven (CEM-MarsX). The determination was made using an ICP -OES. The Cd in the blood was significantly higher than in milk and urine. The Cr in the blood was higher than in the urine. In milk the content of Pb and Cu was significantly higher than in blood. Sr and Tl concentration in the urine was higher than that detected in milk and blood and Pb in blood. Milk transfer Index revealed a significant difference in relation to the TI values found in the urine and only in the case of Cu in milk was TI > 1. In urine, the values found of Sr and Tl were higher than milk TI. It is concluded that when metals are ingested by cows in fodder, they are easily transferred to milk and urine through the blood. Presence of heavy metals in the different matrices determines the degree of environmental and trofic chain contamination with which we can consider the cow a biomarker.
This study aimed to evaluate current lead concentration (Pb) in topsoil, grass, blood and milk, ALAD
activity, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) i cows (Simmental breed), rearing in three villages situated in different
distances from the smelter “Trepça”: Kalemend 2km, Boletin 3km and Zazhë 5km and Koliq 40km. The Pb
concentration in samples is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry ( AAS), blood ALAD activity is measured
according the CEC standardized method. Pb concentration in topsoil and grass in the three villages from smelter is
higher (P<0.001) than Pb concentration in reference. Blood lead level (BLL) in cows from smelter area is higher
(P<0.001) than in control. Milk lead level (MLL) in cows from smelter area is higher compared with control. Blood
ALAD activity in cows from smelter area is significantly (P<0.001) inhibited compared with control. There is adverse
correlation (r=-0.812, P<0.001) between BLL and ALAD activity in cows from Kelmend, A positive correlation
((r=0.987, P<0.001) is established between BLL and MLL in cows from Boletin. There is no significant difference of
Hb and Hct values among each group of cows. There was progressive decrease of Pb concentration in topsoil, grass,
blood and milk with increasing distance from the smelter. ALAD activity is proved as sensitive and useful biomarker
at very low BLLs in cows. The vicinity of smelter still poses threat for livestock welfare and human health.
