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Map of South Dakota and adjacent areas showing the 14 river drainages, 2 sections of the Missouri River Valley, 2 geomorphic provinces, and important geographical features. The Bois de Sioux River drainage (1) is part of the Hudson Bay drainage. All other drainages belong to the Mississippi River drainage. The upper Minnesota River drainage (2) is part of the upper Mississippi River drainage. All other river drainages-Big Sioux River (3), Vermillion River (4), James River (5), lower Missouri River valley (6), Niobrara River (7), Ponca Creek (8), White River (9), Crow Creek (10), Bad River (11), Cheyenne River (12), Moreau River (13), Grand River (14), upper Missouri River valley (15), and Little Missouri River (16)-belong to the Missouri River drainage. The Central Lowlands geomorphic province extends east from the western edge of the James River drainage. The remainder of the state is within the Great Plains geomorphic province.
Source publication
We summarized historic and recent fish distributions in South Dakota and analyzed fish faunal similarity at 2 spatial scales (geomorphic province and river drainage) for both historic (native) and recent (post-1990) faunas. We quantified zoogeographic patterns between geomorphic provinces and among neighboring river drainages for historic and recen...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Dakota is a large state with a small human population (De Blij 2005). Part or all of 14 major river drainages are present therein (Fig. 1). In addition, the mainstem Missouri River, which is fed by many small streams, flows from north to south through central South Dakota and along the southeastern state boundary. We refer to the mainstem Missouri River and its small direst tributaries collec- tively as the Missouri River ...
Context 2
... used literature to determine fish species presence in 14 river drainages and 2 sections of the Missouri River valley in South Dakota (Fig. 1). We divided the Missouri River valley into 2 sections, with Fort Randall Dam as the boundary. Questionable records were verified, when possible, from voucher specimens. How- ever, there is presently no major repository for South Dakota fish specimens, so opportunities to examine vouchers were limited. We used an approach similar to one ...
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Citations
... fish, macrophytes) can decrease beta diversity by increasing the proportion of shared species among river basins, ecoregions, or continents (e.g. Castano-Sanchez et al., 2018;Hoagstrom et al., 2007;Liu et al., 2017;Marr et al., 2010). However, spatial scaling and origin of the invasive species can strongly influence the size and direction of these effects. ...
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
... The species was also previously recorded in the Mississippi mainstem from the confluence of the Missouri River to the mouth of the Ohio River (Houston, 1998;Smith, 1979), although it is rarely collected nowadays (Schramm, Hatch, Hrabik & Slack, 2016). The species was formerly common in a number of the northern states (Cunningham, Olson & Hickley, 1995;Hesse, 1994;Hoagstrom, DeWitte, Gosch & Berry, 2006;Hoagstrom, Wall, Duehr & Berry, 2006;Hoagstrom, Wall, Kral, Blackwell & Berry, 2007); however, widespread declines have been observed (Berry & Young, 2004;Eberle, 2014;Hesse, 1994;Patton, Rahel & Hubert, 1998;Smith, Fischer & Quist, 2014). Sturgeon chub has been recorded in a number of the major tributaries of the Missouri (Figure 9b; Everett, Scarnecchia & Ryckman, 2004;Reigh & Elsen, 1979). ...
Anthropogenic changes to the Great Plains rivers of North America have had a large, negative effect on a reproductive guild of pelagic-broadcast spawning (PBS) cyprinid fishes. The group is phylogenetically diverse, with multiple origins of the PBS mode. However, because of incomplete life-history information, PBS designation often relies only on habitat and egg characteristics. We identified 17 known or candidate PBS fishes and systematically synthesized the literature on their biology and ecology in relation to major threats to persistence. Research output on an individual species was unrelated to conservation status, but positively correlated with breadth of distribution. The PBS species have opportunistic life-history strategies and are typically short-lived (generally 1–3 years) fishes. Many PBS species have truncated ranges showing declines in both distribution and abundance, especially those endemic to the Rio Grande catchment. Fundamental habitat associations are unknown for many species, particularly regarding seasonal shifts and early life stages. Critical thermal tolerances have been quantified for five PBS species and are generally >35°C. Turbidity and salinity changes are linked to responses at multiple life stages, but information is lacking on interactions between water quality and quantity. Hydrologic alteration appears to be a primary threat to PBS species, through complex interactions with landscape fragmentation, and habitat change. We highlight areas where scientific and management communities are lacking information and underline areas of potential conservation gain.
... The species was also previously recorded in the Mississippi mainstem from the confluence of the Missouri River to the mouth of the Ohio River (Houston, 1998;Smith, 1979), although it is rarely collected nowadays (Schramm, Hatch, Hrabik & Slack, 2016). The species was formerly common in a number of the northern states (Cunningham, Olson & Hickley, 1995;Hesse, 1994;Hoagstrom, DeWitte, Gosch & Berry, 2006;Hoagstrom, Wall, Duehr & Berry, 2006;Hoagstrom, Wall, Kral, Blackwell & Berry, 2007); however, widespread declines have been observed (Berry & Young, 2004;Eberle, 2014;Hesse, 1994;Patton, Rahel & Hubert, 1998;Smith, Fischer & Quist, 2014). Sturgeon chub has been recorded in a number of the major tributaries of the Missouri (Figure 9b; Everett, Scarnecchia & Ryckman, 2004;Reigh & Elsen, 1979). ...
2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Anthropogenic changes to the Great Plains rivers of North America have had a large, negative effect on a reproductive guild of pelagic-broadcast spawning (PBS) cyprinid fishes. The group is phylogenetically diverse, with multiple origins of the PBS mode. However, because of incomplete life-history information, PBS designation often relies only on habitat and egg characteristics. We identified 17 known or candidate PBS fishes and systematically synthesized the literature on their biology and ecology in relation to major threats to persistence. Research output on an individual species was unrelated to conservation status, but positively correlated with breadth of distribution. The PBS species have opportunistic life-history strategies and are typically short-lived (generally 1-3 years) fishes. Many PBS species have truncated ranges showing declines in both distribution and abundance, especially those endemic to the Rio Grande catchment. Fundamental habitat associations are unknown for many species, particularly regarding seasonal shifts and early life stages. Critical thermal tolerances have been quantified for five PBS species and are generally > 35°C. Turbidity and salinity changes are linked to responses at multiple life stages, but information is lacking on interactions between water quality and quantity. Hydrologic alteration appears to be a primary threat to PBS species, through complex interactions with landscape fragmentation, and habitat change. We highlight areas where scientific and management communities are lacking information and underline areas of potential conservation gain.
... Three prairie tributaries in South Dakota converge with an unchannelized section ) of the Missouri River just downstream of Gavins Point Dam: the James, Vermillion and Big Sioux rivers. These warmwater rivers drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The James River (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) extends 760 Rkm from southeastern North Dakota through eastern South Dakota to its confluence with the Missouri River ; Figure 1). ...
... The James, Vermillion, and Big Sioux rivers in South Dakota are three prairie tributaries which converge with an unchannelized section ) of the Missouri River just downstream of Gavins Point Dam (Figure 1). These warm-water rivers drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota ) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The upper portion of the James River has a gradient of about 0.02 m/km, and the lower portion has a gradient of about 0.05 m/km , making this river one of the lowest gradient rivers in the United States ). ...
... Three major tributaries in South Dakota enter the Missouri River within this reach: James, Vermillion and Big Sioux rivers (Fig. 1). The Big Sioux (watershed area = 23,325 km 2 ), James (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) and Vermillion (watershed area = 5,800 km 2 ) rivers are warmwater streams characterized by low relief with abundant lakes, wetlands, and low-gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). Upper sites tended to have higher turbidities, conductivity and TDS than lower sites within each of the three watersheds. ...
South Dakota State University Dissertation
... The most dramatic change was subdivision of the Northern Plains Province into Northwest and Southeast Missouri River sub-provinces. This division has long been recognized, but the boundary has been demarcated alternatively between the Niobrara and White river basins (Cross et al., 1986;Abell et al., 2008;Griffiths, 2010) or further north between the White and Bad river basins (Hoagstrom & Berry, 2006;Hoagstrom et al., 2007). This study supports the Niobrara-White boundary and differs from previous studies in assessing faunal similarity at a relatively fine geographic scale. ...
Although the conterminous USA has a long history of ichthyological exploration, the description of biogeographical provinces has been ad hoc. In this study we quantitatively determined fish faunal provinces and interpreted them in the context of the geological history of North America. We also evaluated influences of major river basin occupancy and contemporary environmental factors on provincial patterns. Our data set comprised 794 native fishes, which we used to generate a presence and absence matrix for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) four-digit hydrologic units. Three nested data sets were analysed separately: primary freshwater families, continental freshwater families (including primary and secondary families) and all freshwater families (including primary, secondary and peripheral families). We used clustering analysis to delimit faunal breaks and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to determine significance among clusters (i.e. provinces). We used an indicator-species analysis to identify species that contributed most to province delineations and a similarity-percentage (SIMPER) analysis to describe the relative influence of representatives from each category (i.e. primary, secondary, peripheral) on provincial boundaries. Lastly, we used a parsimony redundancy analysis to determine the roles of historical (i.e. major river basin) and contemporary environmental factors in shaping provinces. Analysis of the nested data sets revealed lessening provincial structure with inclusion of more families. There were 10 primary freshwater provinces, 9 continental freshwater provinces and 7 all freshwater provinces. Major basin occupancy, but not contemporary environmental factors, explained substantial variance in faunal similarities among provinces. However, provincial boundaries did not conform strictly to modern river basins, but reflected river-drainage connections of the Quaternary. Provinces represent broad-scale patterns of endemism and provide a starting point for future studies. Relative malleability of province boundaries in the continental interior highlights this region as biogeographically diverse and dynamic. Interior-core provinces of this region (Central Gulf Coastal Plains, Northern Interior) have not been recognized previously and warrant further study.
© 2015 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
... No carp have been found upstream of this barrier. The three warmwater tributaries drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota (Galat et al. 2005b) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The James River (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) extends 760 Rkm from southeastern North Dakota through eastern South Dakota to its confluence with the Missouri River (Berry et al. 1993; Figure 1). ...
Based on its native distribution and temperature constraints, the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) was not expected to colonize southern portions of the U.S., but it has now spread from the Laurentian Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Temperature is critical in zebra mussel reproduction, yet no studies have compared gametogenesis in the cooler north vs. the warmer south. We studied zebra mussel seasonal gametogenesis in Marion Reservoir, Kansas, histologically, examining monthly gonad development and categorizing mussels into one of five stages: resting, early development, late development, mature, or reabsorbing. We also histologically examined multiple size classes to determine size at maturity, and measured juveniles on artificial substrates in the reservoir to determine time to maturity. Adults were mature March–August (at 7.8–34.6°C), compared to mid-June–September (at 18–24°C) in the Great Lakes. Sixty percent of zebra mussels were mature at 5 mm; 100% were mature at 7 mm, compared to 7.5–10 mm in the northern U.S. and 5–12 mm in Europe. Zebra mussels reached maturity within 4 weeks compared to 5 weeks in the Great Lakes and Europe. We conclude that zebra mussels in Kansas matured faster, at a smaller size, and that there could be multiple generations within one year, possibly contributing to greater spread across the region.
... No carp have been found upstream of this barrier. The three warmwater tributaries drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota (Galat et al. 2005b) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The James River (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) extends 760 Rkm from southeastern North Dakota through eastern South Dakota to its confluence with the Missouri River (Berry et al. 1993; Figure 1). ...
In Europe and North America, human-made canals and reservoirs have contributed to the spread of non-native species. The mysid shrimp Hemimysis anomala G.O. Sars, 1907, which is native to the Ponto-Caspian region of Eurasia, expanded its range through intentional stocking in reservoirs and movement through shipping canals within Europe. The species later invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes, most likely through ballast transport in the early 2000s. Our survey of the New York State canal system (USA) found the species at 10 sites, spanning over 80 km of canal, which confirms the species continues to colonize human-made canal systems and that canals may catalyze its spread. We report two primary geographic areas where Hemimysis is present in the New York State canal system—in the Erie Canal east of Oneida Lake and in the Cayuga-Seneca Canal in the Finger Lakes region. Body length was significantly smaller in the western assemblage (CayugaSeneca Canal) compared to the assemblage east of Oneida Lake, but within each geographic area there were no significant differences in the proportion of juveniles relative to adults by longitude or the maximum density by longitude. Future studies should examine the role of surface-water flow and recreational boating traffic in the spread of Hemimysis as well as to what extent canal ecosystems are impacted by the establishment of this omnivorous crustacean.
... No carp have been found upstream of this barrier. The three warmwater tributaries drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota (Galat et al. 2005b) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The James River (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) extends 760 Rkm from southeastern North Dakota through eastern South Dakota to its confluence with the Missouri River (Berry et al. 1993; Figure 1). ...
Invasions of the tropical house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnes, 1818) in the tropical Americas are well documented. While this gecko has been reported as well established and expanding its range in Florida, here we document the first record in the United States outside of this state. We detected a small reproducing population in Cameron County, Brownsville, Texas. We expect a rapid colonization of buildings by this species in southern Texas. We consider that this potential invasion poses novel obstacles to the continued presence of the earlier invasive Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) across Texas.
Key words: reptilian, invasive, colonozation, Rio Grande Valley, Hemidactylus turcicus, displacement
... The James, Vermillion and Big Sioux rivers in South Dakota are three prairie tributaries which converge with an unchannelized section (Galat et al. 2005a) of the Missouri River just downstream of Gavins Point Dam ( Figure 1). These warm-water rivers drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota (Galat et al. 2005b) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The upper portion of the James River has a gradient of about 0.02 m/km, and the lower portion has a gradient of about 0.05 m/km (Owen et al. 1981), making this river one of the lowest gradient rivers in the United States (Benson 1983). ...
Invasive species are considered the second largest threat to native biodiversity, and ecosystem function and services. One pair of global invaders, bighead, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and silver carp, H. molitrix, (collectively referred to as Asian carps) have been introduced throughout the world, and are invading three prairie stream tributaries to the Missouri River in the United States. There is a paucity of knowledge and understanding about Asian carp population characteristics and biology in North America. As such, we documented spatial and temporal trends in population dynamics (i.e., density, size structure, age, growth and condition) of Asian carps in three tributaries to the Missouri River in South Dakota: Big Sioux, James and Vermillion from 2009 to 2012. Finally, native planktivore (i.e., gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, and emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides) characteristics were examined using condition (Fulton's K). Overall, 469 silver carp and eight bighead carp were collected using boat electrofishing and mean catch-per-unit-effort of silver carp increased annually. The three rivers' populations were similar in length frequencies. Silver carp growth was faster initially than later ages and overall was slower than Middle Mississippi River populations. Recruitment of silver carp was erratic with the 2010 year class dominating 91% of catches. Silver carp condition was also similar across rivers, seasons, and years. South Dakota silver carp populations were predicted from a length-weight regression to be lighter than the Gavins Point reach population of the Missouri River, and heavier than both the middle Mississippi and the Illinois River populations. Additionally, mean catch-per-unit-effort for bigmouth buffalo and emerald shiner decreased over the study period. Continued monitoring and research on this newly invading population of Asian carps will provide additional invaluable insight into complex invasive species, assist with understanding Asian carps population dynamics during and after an invasion, and expose the potential negative impacts Asian carps may be having on prairie stream ecosystems.
... No carp have been found upstream of this barrier. The three warmwater tributaries drain the Central Lowlands physiographic province in South Dakota (Galat et al. 2005b) and are characterized by low gradient streams of glacial origin (Hoagstrom et al. 2007). The James River (watershed area = 57,000 km 2 ) extends 760 Rkm from southeastern North Dakota through eastern South Dakota to its confluence with the Missouri River (Berry et al. 1993; Figure 1). ...
Asian carps (bighead and silver carp) were collected with boat electrofishing over four years in three South Dakota tributaries to the Missouri River at the beginning of their invasion into this region. This paper documents their annual movement upstream into these tributaries and identifies differences in distribution by age-0, juvenile, and adults. By the end of this study in 2012, Asian carps dispersion was slowed or halted in these tributaries due to artificial and natural barriers. These records represent the northern most records of Asian carps in North America (46.931042, -98.708975).
