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Energy infrastructures in North-Central Nigeria are inadequate and grid electricity is unable to meet suburban housing electricity demand. The alternative power-supply options proposed by government for the region require appropriation analysis for selection. Four public housing estates in suburban Abuja are selected for electricity demand analysis...
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Context 1
... spite of all efforts, the provision of adequate and affordable alternative energy solutions in the country has been difficult to achieve [6,7,8,9]. The State Governments in NorthCentral Nigeria have interest in developing renewable energy solutions to address their energy challenges, and have taken into cognizance the high solar irradiation (Figure 3) in the region to focus on the -PV option as an appropriate alternative energy source [6,8,9]. Traditionally, off-grid electric power is generated using petroleum products like petrol and diesel [11,12,13]. ...
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The continuous growth of population in suburban areas leads to increasing demand for mid-rise housing. Recent studies found that greenhouse gas emission in Indonesia continues to escalate at an alarming rate, and housing development is considered as one of the greenhouse gas contributors. Zero-Energy Residential Building, a highly energy efficient...
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... Therefore, the following study entails On the other side, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had an impact on both the economy and the financial markets. As a result, businesses and different types of organisations are dealing with challenges often associated with a general slowdown in economic activity, as noted in (Ogundari et al., 2017). Several factors have contributed to this situation, including the instability and erosion of financial markets, concerns regarding credit and liquidity, increased government intervention, rising unemployment, widespread reductions in discretionary consumer spending, rising inventory levels, decreased production due to reduced demand, layoffs and furloughs, and other restructuring-related activities. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic quarantine has affected every sector and area, including families, communities, and economies worldwide. Global businesses have suffered income losses, higher operational expenses, and delayed credit collection. To address these challenges, the government should implement fiscal stimuli for the real estate industry through central banks and mortgage financing regulators. This will preserve investments, save low-paying jobs, and maintain housing affordability for low-income families. Lowering mortgage interest rates and expanding access to preferential home finance loans are crucial measures. This research focuses on accountants' roles in Abuja's real estate business and examines the impact of COVID-19 on the market. Understanding the effects of mortgage financing difficulties is essential for assessing market competitiveness. The pandemic has affected every aspect of the real estate sector, making it important to consider the perspectives of stakeholders. The regulatory framework implemented due to COVID-19 has reduced rental prices and operating income for real estate businesses. The pandemic's global quarantine measures have made financial instruments less attractive, leading to income losses, increased operating costs, and delayed credit collection for organizations worldwide. In Nigeria, property owners are allowed to postpone annual reports by up to three months. This research employs a cross-sectional design and investigates the impact of COVID-19 on accounting practices in Abuja's real estate market. Quantitative data is used for statistical analysis, adopting a deductive approach. The study examines accounting problems faced by real estate businesses in Abuja following the COVID-19 outbreak. It reveals significant challenges such as decreased demand, disrupted supply chains, and increased expenses. Consequently, accounting practices, especially in areas like cash management, cost control, and financial reporting, have been greatly affected. Transparent and effective communication of financial information is crucial during crises to maintain stakeholder and investor confidence.
... Existing central infrastructures have a strong connection between stakeholders, while decentralised do not. In previous work on Nigeria in this journal, Umoh & Bande [2] presented analyses for residential energy savings, Ogundari and co-authors [3] addressed off-grid systems for new housing developments, and Akinwale & Adepoju [4] looked into factors influencing the update of renewable energy technology. Ugulu addressed solar systems [5], finding barriers and motivations and Khaleel and Chakrabarti [6] looked more holistically at models and scenarios for Nigeria in an energy system transition context. ...
This 37th volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management present novel analyses on the Nigerian electricity sector with focus on stakeholders in centralised and decentralised electricity supply. Analyses of Berlin-Brandenburg in Germany shows the prospects of 100 % renewable energy systems here. Industry is an important target in the energy transition, so a model is developed to analyse energy savings potentials. Within the heating sector, much of the individual dwellings in Central and Eastern Europe are impacted by a fuel trap, trapping them between two essentially undesirable options – biomass and natural gas. Also, within the residential sector, a new analysis probes in the feasibility of installing photo voltaics in India, and lastly, an interesting article investigates the local economic and employment effects of increased biofuel production.
... The acute shortfall in energy supply in both cities leaves their inhabitants with just 1 to 5 h of electricity daily [50]. The outcome is that many households, companies, and industries have resorted to purchasing and using standby diesel generators as part of the attempts to bridge this gap in supply by using alternative sources such as diesel generators [51]. Given this, Ogunmakinde et al. [52], noted that the adoption of WtE could have the potential to generate sufficient electricity to power over 11,000 and 94,000 homes in Abuja and Lagos, respectively, as well as facilitate improved waste management. ...
... DBGs Scenario: This scenario considers the environmental impacts of using electricity from DBGs as alternatives to grid electricity. This is because the grid in Nigeria is insufficient to serve the needs of the country and the massive population and economy of Nigeria [51]. ...
Diverse opportunities and environmental impacts could occur from a potential move towards waste-to-energy (WtE) systems for electricity generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Lagos and Abuja, Nigeria. Given this, the purpose of this study is to use life cycle assessment (LCA) as a primary analytical approach in order to undertake a comparative analysis from an environmental impact perspective of different WtE scenarios, along with diesel backup generators (DBGs) and grid electricity. A functional unit of 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity produced was used in assessing the following environmental impact categories: abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP 100a), human toxicity potential (HTP), photochemical oxidation potential (POCP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP). The overall result indicated that anaerobic digestion (AD) had the highest energy generated per one tonne of MSW processed for both Lagos (683 kWh/t) and Abuja (667 kWh/t), while landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) had the lowest for both (Lagos 171 kWh/t, Abuja 135 kWh/t). AD also had the lowest environmental impacts amongst the four WtE systems for both cities based on all the impact categories except for POCP. In contrast, LFGTE had the highest impact in all the categories except ADP and HTP. Extending the analysis to include diesel-based generators (DBG) and grid electricity saw the DBGs having the highest impact overall in ADP (14.1 MJ), HTP (0.0732 Kg, 1.4 DB eq), AP (0.0129 Kg SO2 eq), and EP (0.00313 Kg PO4 eq) and grid electricity having the lowest impact in GWP (0.497 Kg CO2 eq), AP (0.000296 Kg SO2 eq), and EP (0.000061 Kg PO4 eq). It was concluded that additional electricity supply from AD to the grid, with its potential to reduce the reliance on DBGs (worst scenario overall), would be a positive action in environmental impact terms.
... Abuja is reported to require about 400 to 500 MW per day but is supplied with between 200 and 300 MW of electricity per day [41]. Like Lagos, households and companies attempt to bridge this gap in supply by using alternative sources such as diesel generators [42]. Abuja, the administrative and political capital of Nigeria, is located in the geographical center of the country, within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). ...
... Abuja is reported to require about 400 to 500 MW per day but is supplied with between 200 and 300 MW of electricity per day [41]. Like Lagos, households and companies attempt to bridge this gap in supply by using alternative sources such as diesel generators [42]. ...
This research assesses the social impacts that could arise from the potential waste-to-energy (WtE) generation of electricity from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the cities of Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria. Social life cycle assessment (sLCA) was the main analytical approach used coupled with a participatory approach to identify relevant social issues to serve as the potential sLCA impact ‘subcategories’. Focus group research in both cities led to the identification of 11 social issues that were transformed into social impact subcategories with appropriate indicators for the sLCA. These were populated with data from a questionnaire-based survey with approximately 140 stakeholders. The results indicated that the impact subcategories “Improved Electricity Supply” and “Income” were ranked respectively as having the most and the least significant social impacts associated with the potential adoption of WtE in these two cities in Nigeria. Overall, the research showed that the expected social impact was higher for WtE electricity generation in Lagos than in Abuja. This difference may be related to the higher population and greater amounts of waste in Lagos and its position as a hub for many of the country’s commercial and industrial activities which have long been affected by inadequate electricity supply. This study also provides an example of the use of participatory processes as an important approach in sLCA for the elucidation of social issues that are directly pertinent to key local perspectives when considering such technology implementations.
... It is estimated that only 45% of Nigeria"s population of 200 million people has access to electricity (USAID, 2018). In spite of this low electricity access, the residential sector electricity consumption is estimated to be 60% of the total national electricity consumption (Ogundari et al., 2017). Due to the lack of reliable electricity supply, many people and companies supplement the grid electricity supply with self-power generation. ...
... It appears to most stakeholders that the challenges besetting the sector appear to have compounded more than they were when the government controlled the levers. Even though Nigeria has about 202 trillion Standard Cubic Feet (SCF) of gas reserves, harnessing the potential to power generation plants has remained a mirage, especially because of low investment, inadequate funding of projects, and huge indebtedness to gas suppliers (NNPC, 2015). The hindrances mentioned above have not helped in providing enough natural gas to power thermal plant in Nigeria. ...
... Nigeria is a country with an estimated population of 200 million people with less than 40% of the population having access to the national grid (National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP, 2015). In spite of electricity being an essential component of modern society, citizens in most parts of Nigeria receive only 6 hours supply of electricity daily on the average (Ogundari et al., 2017). Majority of the rural areas in the country are yet to even have access to any electrical power grid, and their reliance on some other sources of electricity, especially those sources that are detrimental to the environment, has led to Nigeria being one of the world"s largest producers of carbon emissions, closely associated with global warming (Sadiks, 2015). ...
Innovativenes is critical to the success of any business venture. The current study examined the
innovative practices adopted by some informal businesses across three sectors in the Nigerian
economy: manufacturing, agriculture and services. Primary data were obtained from business owners
and managers in the informal business sector in Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used
to select 778 respondents in three (3) out of six (6) geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data collection were
done with the aid of Google form. The overall aim of the survey was to provide information on the
innovation activities of enterprises in the informal business sector. The retrieved data were analyzed
using frequency counts and percentage distribution. Findings revealed that majority (76.5%) of the
respondents attested that their customers were satisfied with current products, and were willing to pay
for and interested in new products. This was closely followed by respondents (66.5%) who introduced
environment-friendly products or services. About 60.8% of the respondents changed/upgraded
technology (tools & equipment), looked for and used new sources for supply of raw materials and tools
that were cheaper and/or better than old sources of supply. The study indicated that frequent changes
in policies and government as well as civil unrest and crises are some of the factors hindering
innovation activities in informal businesses. Cost of acquiring modern technologies and funding was
ranked highest among economic factors that hindered innovation.
... In [10], authors assess possible ways to efficient energy utilization and conservation measures for sustainable energy development in economic sectors in Nigeria and in [11] energy use pattern in residential buildings is assessed for some cities in northern Nigeria. In [12], the authors carried out demand analysis under conventional and energy-efficient lighting scenarios in north-central Nigeria considering off-grid PV and dieselpowered generators. The study found the energy-efficient scenario to be more appropriate relative to the conventional lighting system. ...
... Suburban and peri-urban areas adjoining the major towns in the zone have seen significant (planned and unplanned) housing and other infrastructural developments to ameliorate the huge housing/infrastructural deficiencies (Ndubueze 2009); several of these projects have been under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) approach (Ibem and Aduwo 2012). Unfortunately, public electricity supply to these housing developments has been grossly inadequate, 1 and suburbanites use environmentally-damaging, fossil-fuel consuming generators to meet their electric power demands (Babatunde and Shuaibu 2008;Oladokun and Adeshiyan 2012;Ogundari et al. 2014;Ogundari et al. 2017). ...
... Electricity generation and distribution are very poor, less than 40% of the populace has grid-electricity and there are economic, environmental, health and developmental consequences to this inaction (Momodu et al. 2011;Ogundari et al. 2017). Several national and regional electricity reform and technology policy efforts have been carried out since 2005 to bolster adequate regional/ national electricity provision. ...
... Specifically, the State governments and the DAWN Commission have a regional development strategy to establish government-approved suburban housing estates using PV systems for alternative power supply in each state. State funds for the needed housing and power infrastructure are severely limited and PPP initiatives in these sectors are being actively promoted; regrettably, state capabilities to plan and monitor PV-based alternative electricity system for housing developments are non-existent at worst and ineffectual at best (Ohunakin et al. 2014;Ogundari et al. 2017). ...
Alternative photovoltaic (PV) electric power systems are designed for suburban residential complexes in Nigeria’s Southwestern region as succour to erratic grid power supply. The initial project in suburban Ibadan, Oyo State was analyzed as model for other stakeholders in the region. A project planning framework was used for analysis. The project scope, cost and time specifications were determined: a 7 MW PV system designed over 35 acres, estimated power generation costs of US$2.56 per watt, estimated total project cost of $17.9 million, estimated cost at completion of $21.6 million, and estimated completion time of 12 months 19 days. Techno-economic benefits include 15.83 GWh of electricity and revenue of US$1.74 million per annum per state. Environmental benefits include annual elimination of 1.58 million litres of diesel fuel use and 4241.8 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. The schemes were determined to be non-viable at the extant electricity utility rates of US$0.07 per kWh but viable at electricity utility rate of $0.11 per kWh with payback period of 16 years. The study concluded that in spite of the expected project time delay and budget overshoot, the project was viable and a suitable template for Southwestern Nigeria.
... The access to affordable and high-quality electricity service is considered as one of the barriers to overcome in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development in rural areas [1]. The installation of standalone microgrids (SAMGs), when the extension of the utility grid is not feasible, is the most common alternative for rural electrification [2]- [6]. SAMG projects are generally considered as a good solution to provide electric energy services to isolated communities [7]. ...
Demand Side Management Strategies (DSMSs) can play a significant role in reducing installation and operational costs, Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and enhance renewable energy utilization in Stand-Alone Microgrids (SAMGs). Despite this, there is a paucity in literature exploring how DSMS affects the planning of SAMGs. This paper presents a methodology to design an incentive-based DSMS and evaluate its impact on the planning phase of a SAMG. The DSMS offers two kinds of incentives, a discount in the flat tariff to increase the electrical energy consumption of the users, and an extra payment added to the fare to penalize it. The design of the methodology integrates the optimal energy dispatch of the energy sources, the tariff design, and its sizing. In this regard, the main contribution of this paper is the design of an incentive-based DSMS using a Disciplined Convex approach, and the evaluation of its potential impacts over the planning of SAMG. The methodology also computes how the profits of the investors are modified when the economic incentives vary. A study case shows that the designed DSMS effectively reduces the size of the energy sources, the LCOE, and the payments of the customers for the purchased energy.
... This shortage accounts for more than 40% of the Nigerian population not having access to electricity supply, and with 72% of the population residing in urban areas and 28% in rural areas. The huge shortfalls in electricity production/distribution and inability to meet the demand for electricity in the residential and commercial sector by the government in short term is driving the individual and private corporates bodies to off grid power generation [19]. Figure 4 shows the percentage of the off-grid power generation in the total energy demand in Nigeria. ...
Electricity outage is the main challenge facing the residential, commercial and industrial sectors in Nigeria. The country's electricity production is primarily from hydro and thermal sources, yet the available electricity output is far less than the demand. The shortfalls in electricity production and distribution in the residential and commercial sectors are the drive behind the off-grid power generation by individuals and corporate bodies in Nigeria. The off-grid power generation is mainly produced using gasoline/diesel generators which are not environmental friendlies and constitute an increase in the carbon footprint of the country. The use of off-grid power generators, also known as “backup generators” continues to grow, from slightly over 60% in 2002 to more than 80% in 2014, exposing the non-functional power sector in Nigeria. An average of 84% urban household depends on gasoline or diesel-powered generator for electricity supply while the rest live without electricity.
... The electricity sector in Nigeria has been powered mainly by large hydro and thermal plants which have not sufficiently provided the required electricity in the urban centres not to talk of the rural areas ( Makwe et al., 2012). Nigeria is said to be blessed with abundant renewable energies but most of them are yet to be fully tapped in generating electricity ( Ogundari et al., 2017). Majority of the rural areas, where renewable energy technologies can be deployed, are not connected to the grid system and the few others that are connected do not have regular supply of electricity ( Akinwale et al., 2015). ...
The time path to depletion of petroleum resources reduces as more oil and gas are exploited. However, the windfalls obtained from these exhaustible natural resources have not been properly managed in Nigeria. There is no doubt that government has not fully committed to Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA) since its establishment as the huge amount of fund in Excess Crude oil Account (ECA) has not been transferred to the NSIA for proper management. Also, Nigerian government has not fully harnessed new technologies in developing renewable energies available within the country. Hence, this paper examined the global best practices of managing sovereign wealth fund as well as the proper utilisation of the renewable energy technologies in solving energy challenges facing Nigeria. Exploratory and comparative analysis was conducted on selected sovereign wealth fund and the paper recommends sovereign wealth fund plus (SWF-P) to support the distribution of certain percentage of the oil proceeds to all adults of the country in addition to the stabilisation, savings and infrastructural functions which the existing sovereign wealth fund performs. On the other hand, the paper also suggests that the government should finance renewable energy projects as well as develop capabilities in renewable energy technologies. Enabling environment and incentives should be provided to private firms and universities/research institutes respectively so that rural dwellers that are not connected to the national grid can also enjoy electricity supply through renewable energy sources such as solar and small hydro plants among others situated in various local communities. These strategies will enable all Nigerians to equally enjoy the natural resources own by the country.
