Figure 1 - uploaded by Huabin Zheng
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality. Thus, to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality. Here, our experiments illustrated that nomadi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... study area -Changsha Wulong farm -was situated at 28° 16′ N, 113° 63′ E, in the northeast part of Hunan province (see Figure 1). Its arable area was 50 hm 2 , 90% of which was paddy fields. In 2010, it started to convert the mode of production from RM to RD. The soil was yellow- ish red soil with pH = 6.6 to 7.2 and organic matter = 3.0% to 3.6%, total N = 2.32 g kg −1 , total P = 1.14 g kg −1 , and total K = 11.6 g kg −1 . Its basic climate condition was characterized by annual average sunshine time of 1,700 h, annual average temperature of 17.0°C, the coldest month (January) has an average temperature of 2.3°C and the hottest month (July) an average temperature of 30.1°C, frost-free period of 280 days, accumulated temperature (≥10°C) of 5,400°C, and an average rainfall of 1,450 mm, concentrating in the period from May to ...
Similar publications
The constantly changing prices of grains such as rice and corn have triggered an increasing number of corn-to-rice projects. This paper takes the progress of the corn-to-rice project in Northeast China as a sample and analyzes the influencing factors of the corn-to-rice project based on binary selection model analysis of the probit method. This stu...
Citations
... The output data in 2018-2019 were used as average values. The carbon transformity [8,9] and energy transformity [10] and the prices of materials during the years were as listed in Table 1. Experimental research and field studies on cultivated plants, including the collection of plant material, must comply with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. ...
... Refer to the method of [8] the economic indices used in the study were gross income (GI), net income (NI), output/input ratio, cost-benefit ratio (NI/input), and labor productivity (NI/quantity of labor input). ...
Forage–food dual-purpose ratoon rice cropping (FFRR) is used to balance forage demands with ratoon rice grain yields, that is whole plant (stem and sheath, panicles) cuttings in the main season are used as forage, and rice in the regeneration season is used as food. In this study, the local ratoon rice production system as the control, we were carried out the field experiment of cultivation practices (cutting time and cutting height), and investigated the system productivity, economic benefits, carbon footprints and energy use efficiency. The energy use efficiency, energy productivity and energy profitability increased with cutting time delay, and cutting height decreased. Significant differences of these index were observed among the treatments for cutting time and cutting height (p
... The government needs to prepare a better agricultural infrastructure, re-study the government purchasing price, and stop the rice import in order to prevent a market failure. The rice policing should have paid more attention to the research results (Coulibaly et al., 2015), an increase on an import tariff up to 35% could decrease the rice import volume in order to protet the domestic industry in Voted Ivory and in Indonesia (Davidson, 2018), an increase on the bargaining power of the local rice produce would against the rice import (Demont & Rizzotto, 2012), price volatility of the rice (Fulton and Reynolds, 2015), imported rice minimum quota of 180 thousand tons will cause the price of the imported rice from Japan to be lower than its domestic price (Gao et al., 2016), an omission of the design policy on rice field, has successfully increased the rice consumption, decreased the poverty line, increased the food durability and household nutrients in Vietnam (Giesecke et al., 2013), a relocation policy of the agricultural land due to climate change has been highly influencing the rice production (Mushtaq et al., 2014); (Scott et al., 2014); (Zheng et al., 2014), in order to raise the poor farmers welfare in Nigeria, it needs to focus on changing the rice sector (Doumbia et al., 2012), a high subsidy and protection to the rice commodity in the producer countries will expand the productivity gap between poor country and rich country (Rakotoarisoa, 2011), Qatar as the rice importer country must take caution against substances such as As, Zn, and Se which highly affecting human health (Rowell et al., 2014), a unique combination of factors like social, economy, political, history, and geography are all together affecting the rice production and have been identified in China as a point of rice "quality" (Zader, 2012), a protection to the farmers is required because of the price increase at the consumer level (Short et al., 2014), the government purposely transfer the income to the producers with a minimum cost would be achieved through a policy combination in Japan (Takahashi, 2012), the imported rice demand pattern in Malaysia is an implication of the food security policy implemented ( Tey & Radam, 2011), up until today Singapore is still taking a rice import from various supplier and keep updating its new source of import as its diversification strategy (Tey & Brindal, 2013), and a study about rice production history will be useful to the agricultural planning in Indonesia (Panuju et al., 2013). ...
Rice consumption in Indonesia has risen as the population increasing rapidly. The structure of the young age population will influence the amount of per capita of rice consumption. The rice cultivating and production will also determine whether or not it will fulfil the needs. The present research aimed at analyzing Indonesian rice import within the last decade (2010 – 2019). The research method used was a literature review. The research result shows that within the last 10 years, the width of the rice cultivating and production area have been declining as much as 1,8% and 1.6% respectively. However, the rice productivity rate is still in positive number at 2.0%. Eventhough the household consumption declined as much as 2% annually, apparently this was not enough for Indonesia to fulfil the needs internally. In short term period, an import would be a solution to fulfil the needs for domestic rice consumption. On the other hand, for a longer term, an import can be a problem because the rice trade balance with be disrupted. A small number of rice export volume will result in a rice trade balance deficit in Indonesia.
... It was adopted latterly in Japan and Java, due to its promising economic returns co-culture system is attaining quick attention in recent decades (Bashir et al., 2019a;Xu and Ma, 2014;Halwart and Gupta, 2004). The co-culture techniques with other aquatic animals (rice-fish, rice-duck, rice-frog) has also presented as a possible solution to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide application (Berg and Tam, 2018;Hu et al., 2016;Xie et al., 2011;Zheng et al., 2014), and alleviate the problems associated to aquaculture (Yuan et al., 2019). The rice-related co-culture systems have the capability to effectively control pests attack, as well to control pollution in soil and rice grain (Teng et al., 2016b;Tsuji et al., 2011). ...
Rice-crab co-culture (RC) is an environmentally friendly, agri-aquaculture technique, however, its knowledge about soil nutrients status and their composition in rice grain has remained unexplored. The aim of current study is to explore this deficiency. Thus, a field survey and a field experiment were combinedly carried out at Panjin City, China. The field survey with 16 fields each for rice-monoculture (RM) and RC was conducted without influencing conventional cultural practices. The field experiment was conducted with four treatments: rice-monoculture (RM), 3000 crabs ha�1 without feed (RC3000), 6000 crabs ha�1 with feed (RC6000), and 12,000 crabs ha�1 with 2 � feed (RC12000). Results showed an increase in soil nutrients and improved nutrient accumulation in rice with the RC system. Soil organic carbon, macronutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg)), microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen, micronutrients (copper, zinc (Zn), and manganese) were improved. From the field survey, results indicated significant improvement in grain TN (9.4%), calcium (Ca, 22.1%), Mg (7.1%), and Zn (26.1%) in RC system compared to RM system. In field experiment, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Zn were increased as follows: i) Grain Ca in RC3000 (23.9%) and RC6000 (17.1%), ii) Mg in RC3000 (12.6%), RC6000 (16.3%), and RC12000 (11.8%), iii) Zn in RC3000 (10.8%), RC6000 (5.7%), and in RC12000 (14.8%). The RC system has also improved nutrients translocation from soil to plant biomass that was the key reason to increase nutrient composition in rice. The results implied that the improvement of rice
yield was by the increased nutrient in soil and the higher nutrient translocation capacity from soil to rice under the proper culturing crab density.
... can replace catfish or other wet rice landraces may replace deep water types depending on water availability. There are success stories coupling rice and duck, rice and loach, rice, loach and azolla (Khumairoh et al. 2018;Zheng et al. 2014). Almost all of these can stimulate synergistic growth, enable nutrient cycling, and result in a better harvest than a monoculture of rice. ...
Abstract:
Access to nutritious food to an ever-growing global population becoming a challenge and the situation might worsen in the face of climate change and environmental degradation. It is largely agreed that modern agriculture requires a major overhaul in its strategy, that should tap the technological innovations from the traditional agricultural system. The key is to develop sustainable intensification methods that optimally improve efficiency gains to produce more food without using more land, water, and other inputs. Coupled rice and fish culture have been offering a viable solution at many parts of the world.
In the many parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh, a flash flood is a major problem causing havoc in villages, destroying crops, and jeopardizing livelihood. In order to circumvent the problem, in this pilot study, we have attempted to co-cultivate indigenous cat fish (Clarias magur) and deepwater rice landraces to examine their performance for a possible integration in flood-prone areas. The entire process was devoid of any inorganic fertilizer or chemical pesticide. In the flooded condition, out of the five landraces tested, three survived and yielded a significant amount of rice; similarly, the catfish also demonstrated promising growth and attained its maturity within the period. In 0.025 hectare of land, we obtained 53.8 kg of rice along with 43.8 kg of fish, which is promising to ascertain subsistence in the flash flood areas. At the end, we also suggest a probable extension of the proposed scheme. To our knowledge, it is the first report of integration of deepwater rice with catfish that holds potential for implementation to ensure rural livelihood, food security, and ecosystem health.
... By increasing nutrient recycling, ERA may effectively enable a reduced amount fertilizer input into the agricultural system. Many studies have described the rice-fish, rice-duck, rice-turtle and rice-frog cultivation ecosystems and have shown how these practices reduced the rate of chemical fertilizer and pesticide application [11,[14][15][16][17]. Paddy fields are important habitats of frogs [18]. ...
Eco-agricultural systems aim to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in order to improve sustainable production and maintain a healthy ecosystem. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of rice-frog farming on the bacterial community and N-cycling microbes in paddy rhizosphere soil. This experiment involved three rice cultivation patterns: Conventionally cultivated rice (CR), green rice-frog farming (GR), and organic rice-frog farming (OR). The rice yield, paddy soil enzyme activities, physicochemical variables and bacterial and N-cycling bacterial abundances were quantitatively analyzed. Rice-frog cultivations significantly increased soil protease, nitrate and reductase activity. Additionally, the nirS gene copy number and the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria also increased, however urease activity and the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria significantly decreased. The bacterial community richness and diversity of OR soil was significantly higher than that of the GR or CR soil. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of GR was highest. The N-cycling bacterial community was positively correlated with the total carbon (TC), total nitrogren (TN) and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio. The present work strengthens our current understanding of the soil bacterial community structure and its functions under rice-frog farming. The present work also provides certain theoretical support for the selection of rational rice cultivation patterns.
... The introduction of ecologically, friendly animals into paddy fields creates an integrated agro-ecological system. Many studies have described rice-fish and rice-duck coculture agro-ecosystems and show how these practices reduced the rate of chemical fertilizer and pesticides [11][12][13][14] . However, few studies have focous on the rice-frog coculture system, although this system can effectively pests population of and reduce pollutions in soil and rice grain [15][16][17][18][19] . ...
Introducing frogs into paddy fields can control pests and diseases, and organic farming can improve soil fertility and rice growth. The aim of this 2-year field study was compare the yield and elemental composition of rice between an organic farming system including frogs (ORF) and a conventional rice culture system (CR). The grain yields were almost the same in the ORF system and the CR system. The ORF significantly increased the contents of phosphorus (P), ion (Fe), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) in rice grain at one or both years. However, the ORF system decreased the calcium (Ca) content in grice grains, and increased the concentration of cadmium, which is potentially toxic. A principal components analysis showed the main impacts of ORF agro-ecosystem on the rice grain ionome was to increase the concentration of P and trace metal(loid)s. The results showed that the ORF system is an ecologically, friendly strategy to avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides without decreasing yields, and to improve the nutritional status of rice by increasing the micronutrient contents. The potential risks of increasing Cd contents in rice grain should be addressed if this cultivation pattern is used in the long term.
Abstract Producing more food with less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is a grand challenge for the 21st century. Strategies to successfully promote win‐win outcomes for both food security and environmental health are not easy to identify. Here we comprehensively assess an ecological rice‐animal co‐culture system (RAC) (e.g., rice‐fish, rice‐duck, and rice‐crayfish) through a global meta‐analysis and identify the potential benefits of global promotion. Compared to traditional monoculture of rice or animal production, the RAC can not only reduce the demand for agricultural land areas, but also increase rice yields (+4%) as well as nitrogen use efficiency of rice (+6%). At the same time, RAC reduces nitrogen losses (−16% runoff and −13% leaching) and methane emissions (−11%), except for rice‐fish coculture systems, which are likely to increase methane emissions (+29%). Furthermore, RAC increases the net income of farmers through reducing cost of fertilizer and pesticide input and achieving higher outputs with more marketable products. According to the development stage of different countries, promotion of RAC will thus realize multiple benefits and aid sustainable intensification.
Lodging has a negative effect on rice production and leads to a great loss in yield and quality. It is necessary to clarify the effects of straw return measures coupled with rice-duck co-culture on lodging and to explore a measure that can improve lodging resistance. A randomized block experiment with six treatments (rice monoculture (RNN), rice-duck co-culture (RND), direct straw return and rice monoculture (RSN), direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RSD), straw carbon and rice monoculture (RBN), and straw carbon coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RBD)) was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the change in lodging resistance. RNN’s rice yield was 6258.02 kg ha−1. The yield of RND, RSN, RSD, and RBN increased by 15.51, 3.06, 10.23, and 1.59%, respectively, while RBD decreased by 5.01% relative to RNN. Direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture has both negative and positive effects on lodging resistance because of its properties. The stem’s mechanical properties were mainly decided by weight, length, plumpness, and culm anatomy. The increased bending moment at breaking, lodging strength, and bending strength with the RND, RSN, RSD, RBN, and RBD treatments increased, indicated an increase in lodging resistance. Our results clearly demonstrate that direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance. In total, rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance with a higher yield. Compared to straw biochar application, straw return can stabilize the yield and improve the lodging resistance of rice. Thus, direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture should be explored for improving lodging resistance under the condition of ensuring yield.
Rice-fish system is the first globally important agricultural heritage system (GIAHS) and could be a potential option to improve modern rice production. This paper investigates energy flows and economic profits of two rice production agroecosystems in China. Results suggest that total energy input in rice-turtle-fish co-culture (RTF) was 18,889.63 MJ ha⁻¹, less than that of rice monoculture (RM) (20,289.44 MJ ha⁻¹). Total energy output in RTF was 82,836.57 MJ ha⁻¹, higher than that of RM (77,221.21 MJ ha⁻¹). The product safety index (PSI) in RTF and RM were −0.23 and −0.77, respectively, which indicated the products safety potential in RTF was higher than that of RM. The energy sustainable development index (ESI) in RTF and RM were 9.03 and 0.66, respectively, which illustrated RTF has abundant developmental potential, while RM is more of a consuming-type ecosystem. The output/input, gross profits, and net profits in RTF were 5.17, 99,531.30 CNY, and 98,729.96 CNY, respectively, all higher than that of RM (4.58, 11,335.67 CNY and 11,034.33 CNY, respectively). Consequently, RTF has greater potential to reduce agro-chemicals, improve energy use efficiency, and increase economic profits compared to RM.
Most of the presently available practical frost heave prediction methods were derived from and for one-dimensional (1D) situations. However, the real desire of engineers is a multi-dimensional frost heave analysis. It is convenient to simply accumulate numerous experimental data on original 1D practical methods and then expand them for multi-dimensional applications. However, when such equations are applied to multi-dimensional situations, the first issue encountered is how to deal with the distribution of frost heave. To solve this issue, the authors propose one simple, but effective, method for allocating the frost heave ratio in multi-dimensional spaces. Takashi׳s equation is taken as an example to demonstrate this proposed distribution method. The equation was originally derived from 1D indoor frost heave experiments. It can predict the frost heave ratio in the freezing direction based on the freezing rate and the constraining stress. To obtain these two factors, thermal and mechanical analyses are combined together. With respect to the heat transfer process, the latent heat produced by the phase change of water is carefully evaluated by the equivalent heat capacity method. Concerning the distribution of the frost heave ratio, anisotropic parameter β is proposed to assign the frost heave ratio in the freezing direction and its transverse direction. By adjusting the value of β, the simulation results can very closely reflect the situation in reality. In addition, the authors discuss the relationship between frost heave and anisotropic parameter β in detail. Based on this assumption, the results of indoor frost heave tests and a large-scale field experiment are illustrated to verify this method, which simultaneously provides valuable examples for a multi-dimensional frost heave evaluation.
