Figure 2 - available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Urban road transport and land use (RTLU) jointly promote economic development by concentrating labor, material, and capital. This paper presents an integrated RTLU efficiency analysis that explores the degree of coordination between these two systems to provide guidance for future adaptations necessary for sustainable urban development. Both a supe...
Citations
... U RBANIZATION has spurred a significant increase of car usage in cities [1]. In addition, with the increase of urban population, the land use of urban road construction has gradually shrunk [2]. As a result, traffic congestion becomes a serious urban disease globally, which are threatening sustainable mobility for our future. ...
... For years, the direct solution to mitigate traffic congestion has been adding new capacity to the road network, such as building new streets or expanding existing streets [3]. However, adding new capacity to the road network is restricted by limited urban spatiality and financial constraints [2], [3]. Hence, tapping the reserve capacity of road network to meet the growing urban travel demand has attracted widespread attention of scholars and traffic managers. ...
... In Equation (2), x a (µ) is equilibrium vehicular flows on link a ∈ A 0 , p a is the maximum acceptable degree of saturation for link a ∈ A 0 . Equation (2) indicates that vehicular flows on each links should not exceed a prescribed maximum acceptable value, which means that the queues and delays on these special links are accepted by travelers and traffic managers [6], [13]. If Equation (2) is violated, it indicates that each road can accommodate vehicles infinitely, so the reserve capacity of road network is also infinite, which is obviously not in line with the reality. ...
Ride-sharing is one of the effective method to reduce car ownership, thus it may have a profound impact on the reserve capacity of road network. However, it’s unclear the relationships among users’ ridesharing behaviors, the reserve capacity of road network and travel demand pattern. To this end, this paper builds a ridesharing trip-assignment model which considers users’ ridesharing choice, destination choice and path choice, and further proposes a bi-level programming for reserve capacity of road network with ride-sharing. The bi-level programming is then converted into an equivalent single-layer optimization problem by a conventional relaxation scheme. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to provide valuable insights and examine the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that subsidizing ridesharing drivers can improve almost as much reserve capacity of road network as expanding link capacity without ridesharing. However, retrofitting High-Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane has limited impact on improving reserve capacity of road network.
... In the field of public transportation, the DEA method has been used to evaluate the efficiency of urban transportation systems, particularly bus transportation and to compare the efficiency of different urban transportation systems [42,46,50,52,58,68,74,78]. ...
The proper development of transportation constitutes the basis for an effectively functioning economy at the national and global levels. On the other hand, transportation significantly impacts the environment and climate. Sustainable transportation management should therefore include both economic, social and environmental aspects. The article aims to comprehensively assess the economic–energy–environmental efficiency of the 27-road freight transport sector in EU countries in 2019. The research was conducted using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The Slacks-Based Measure–Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) model was used, taking into account unwanted (undesirable) effects. As non-energy inputs in the DEA model used the labor in the road freight transport sector, stock of registered goods vehicles, and the length of the road network. Moreover, the energy consumption by the road freight transport sector was used as energy inputs in the DEA model. Desirable outputs were taken as road freight transport sector revenues and freight work performed by the sector. GHG emissions expressed in CO2 equivalent were treated as undesirable outputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and GHG emission efficiency indicators. The eco-efficiency of the road freight transport sector in EU countries varies. Ten countries have efficient road freight transport sectors. The efficient road freight transport group included Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia and Bulgaria. They efficiently transformed the inputs into outputs. Five countries were recognized as eco-efficiency followers, including Italy, Finland, Slovakia, Sweden and Romania, and 12 countries were characterized by an inefficient road freight transport sector. Based on benchmarking principles for inefficient road freight transport sectors, the changes in input and output levels were proposed to improve efficiency. The relationship between the economic development of EU countries and the eco-efficiency of the road freight transport sector was also analyzed, indicating a positive relationship between the variables but with weak strength. The main contributions of this article are an extension of previous DEA works that assesses the efficiency of the road freight transport sector, also considering undesirable variables. Research conclusions are particularly important for policymakers in the context of management sustainable transportation development in the EU.
... In terms of the analysis results, agricultural land in Xiangxi has been occupied, with the most prevalent occupation in Jishou (the administrative center). What is more, the problem of its occupation is consistent with that in eastern China [40,41] and Hunan Province [42], but not as obvious as that in Changsha [43]. ...
Researches on agricultural land use would help the stakeholders to make better decisions about agricultural resources. However, studies on agricultural land have been lacking. In this context, Xiangxi was chosen as a typical region, and five indicators (Kernel Density, change importance, etc.) and two models (gray forecasting model and GeoSoS-FLUS) were used, to explore the spatio-temporal evolution trends and simulate the future scenarios of agricultural land use. The results were as follows: (1) Xiangxi was dominated by agricultural land, and nearly 50% of total extent was forestry land. Extent of agricultural land decreased by about 56.89 km2 or 3.74% from 2000 to 2018; (2) The density of each agricultural land in the study area had considerable spatial heterogeneity, and showed a main trend of shrinkage, especially in the south regions; (3) In 2030, the spatial pattern and composition of agricultural land in Xiangxi will maintain the existing status, while both of the area and proportion of agricultural land will decline, with a loss of 241.34 km2 or 2.85% decrease from 2000. Nevertheless, the study believed that the slight shrinkage of the agricultural land in Xiangxi is in line with the objective law. At the same time, the study suggested to strengthen the scientific management and rational utilization of agricultural land, with emphasis on arable land and fishery land in the south, especially the administrative center.
... This technique developed by Charnes and Cooper (1985) extends traditional DEA by using moving averages and treating each company in different periods as a separate unit ). Thus, DEA window analysis allows us to observe the efficiency of a company from a temporal perception and gain more understanding on dynamic effects (Yang et al. 2019). A narrow window width can provide robust efficiency results (Asmild et al. 2004;Halkos and Polemis 2009;Halkos and Tzeremes 2009). ...
The water industry plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and therefore, moving to a low-carbon urban water cycle is of great importance. However, traditional performance assessment of water companies ignores GHG emissions. To overcome this limitation and to compare productivity change estimations of water companies excluding and including GHG emissions, this study computes the Luenberger productivity indicator (LPI) and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (MLPI), respectively. Moreover, in a second stage, we investigate the impact of exogenous variables on environmentally sensitive productivity change estimations. The empirical application conducted for a sample of water and sewerage companies in England and Wales over the period 201–2019 has illustrated that when GHG emissions were considered in the assessment (i.e., MLPI estimations), average productivity decreased. By contrast, when productivity estimation ignored GHG emissions (i.e., LPI), average productivity increased. Hence, it is concluded that the inclusion of GHG emissions in productivity analysis impacted the results. This finding is very relevant from a policy perspective as it illustrates the importance of considering GHG emissions when evaluating the performance of water companies for regulatory purposes.
... Zhang et al. [32] proposed that the increase in the frequency of high-speed trains promotes the development of local road networks and promotes the centralized expansion of cities. Huang et al. [33] pointed out that, compared with Not-HSR cities, the land value of HSR cities has increased significantly. In the field of ULUE, scholars have found that the construction of highways and other transportation infrastructures has changed the spatial pattern of ULUE through factor agglomeration and spatial spillover effects [21,22]. However, there have few studies about the effect of HSR on ULUE. ...
The construction and operation of high-speed rail (HSR) has become an important policy for China to achieve efficiency and fairness and promote high-quality economic growth. HSR promotes the flow of production factors such as labor and capital and affects economic growth, and may further affect urban land use efficiency (ULUE). To explore the impact of HSR on ULUE, this paper uses panel data of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2018, and constructs Propensity Score Matching-Differences in Differences model to evaluate the effect of HSR on ULUE. The result of entire China demonstrates that the HSR could significantly improves the ULUE. Meanwhile, this paper also considers the heterogeneity of results caused by geographic location, urban levels and scales. It demonstrates that the HSR has a significantly positive effect on ULUE of Eastern, Central China, and large-sized cities. However, in Western China, in medium-sized, and small-sized cities, the impact of HSR on ULUE is not significant. This paper concludes that construction and operation of HSR should be linked to urban development planning and land use planning. Meanwhile, the cities with different geographical locations and scales should take advantage of HSR to improve ULUE and promote urban coordinated development.
... Within the research aims of this paper, the most interesting concept is technical efficiency, which involves the efficiency of technology and its applied scale. The authors believe that the above-mentioned concept refers not only to strictly technical problems [60]-such as rates of vehicle quality, the technical condition of the vehicle fleet, operation issues, service life, vehicle technical inspections, vehicle inspection management, and compatibility with innovative transport technologies (e.g., bimodal transport) [61,62], including the effect of the scale of the applied technologies-but also to technology that supports the first component of operational efficiency, namely the managerial efficiency of RTEs. IT technologies that have been implemented (telematics systems of road transport) and the scale of their application (the integration level of the fields covered by the operational activities of RTEs), which determine the increase in the efficiency of decisions made in a particular company, directly refer to the notion of the technical efficiency of RTEs, although they are applied as technical support provided to the processes of managerial decision-making (in the field of managerial efficiency) [2,63,64]. ...
Implemented in road transport enterprises (RTEs) on a large scale, telematics systems are dedicated both to the particular aspects of their operation and to the integrated fields of the total operational functioning of such entities. Hence, a research problem can be defined as the identification of their efficiency levels in the context of operational activities undertaken by RTEs (including more holistic effects, e.g., lowering fuel/energy consumption and negative environmental impacts). Current research studies refer to the efficiency of some particular modules, but there have not been any publications focused on describing the efficiency of telematics systems in a more integrated (holistic) way, due to the lack of a universal tool that could be applied to provide this type of measurement. In this paper, an attempt at filling the identified cognitive gap is presented through empirical research analysing the original matrix developed by the authors that refers to the efficiency rates of organisational activities undertaken by RTEs. The purpose of this paper is to present a tool that has been designed to provide a holistic evaluation of efficiency of telematics systems in RTE operational management. The results are presented in a form of an individual (ontogenetic) matrix of the analysed companies, for which a determinant was calculated with the use of Sarrus’ rule. Obtained in such a way, the set of values identified for the determinants of the subsequent ontogenetic matrices came as an arithmetic progression that characterised the scope and the level of the influence exerted by the implemented IT (information technology) systems on the organisational efficiency of operational activities undertaken by the analysed RTEs. We present a hypothesis stating that the originally developed matrix can be viewed as a reliable tool used for comparative analysis in the field of efficiency of telematics systems in RTEs, and this hypothesis was positively verified during the research. The obtained results prove the significant potential for the wide application of the discussed matrix, which can be used as a universal tool for the analysis and comparison of efficiency indicated by the integrated IT systems in the operational activities undertaken by RTEs.
... Kumar [12] used traditional DEA and a super-efficiency model to measure road transport efficiency, and Tobit analysis was used to explain the factors affecting that efficiency. Yang et al. [13] evaluated urban road transport with a hybrid DEA model. From the research of these scholars, it can be found that their DEA models only consider good output, ignore bad output, and do not conform to the actual production process. ...
Although road transport plays a vital role in promoting the development of China’s national economy, it also produces much harmful output in the process of road transport. Various types of harmful output generate high social costs. In order to improve efficiency and protect the environment at the same time, a variety of undesirable outputs need to be considered when evaluating the environmental efficiency of road transport. In this paper, the performance of the road transport systems in 30 regions of China is evaluated considering multiple harmful outputs (noise, carbon emission, direct property losses), by employing the directional distance function. Further, a convergence analysis of the environmental efficiency of road transport is carried out. The empirical results show that the environmental efficiency of overall road transport in China increased from 0.8851 to 0.9633 from 2010 to 2017. Moreover, the environmental efficiency gaps between the eastern, central and western areas have narrowed over time, but still exist. Additionally, the results of σ convergence analysis show that convergence of environmental efficiency exists in the whole country and the western area, while only weak convergence exists in the eastern and central areas. Both absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence exist in the eastern, central and western areas. While the environmental efficiency improved over the study period, the environmental efficiencies of road transport in some provinces remain inefficient, which deserves more attention from those seeking to improve environmental efficiency. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving the environmental efficiency of road transport.
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the three telecommunications companies in Saudi Arabia: Saudi Telecom Company (STC), Mobily and Zain over the period of 2010–2019. This evaluation is a step toward improving the performance of the Saudi telecommunications sector.
Design/methodology/approach
Three multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were used to calculate technical efficiency. These techniques include the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA), window DEA and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The three inputs used were total assets, operating expenses and capital expenditures, whereas the two outputs were sales revenue and total stockholders’ equity.
Findings
STC was ranked first using the three techniques, followed by Zain, and then Mobily. According to the DEA window analysis, these three companies were all efficient only in 2012. The efficiency was high in the initial years, 2010–2013, when it was above 0.90, and it dropped below 0.90 in the subsequent years, 2014–2019. In addition, the efficiency of STC remained high, with an average of 0.990. However, the average efficiencies of Zain and Mobily during this period were 0.807 and 0.804, respectively.
Originality/value
This is the first study to use the three MCDM techniques to evaluate the performance of telecommunications providers. The results show that window DEA is better than the other two techniques at evaluating performance over time, as it has a higher discrimination power than either the traditional DEA or AHP.
With the development of urbanization, the problem of the disintegrated between industry and city became more prominent, exploring the reasons. The efficiency of new-type industry has been the crucial factor in city-industry integration. This paper constructs the measurement index system of new-type urbanization via DEA-BCC methodology, starting from the quality of urbanization to analyze the efficiency of urbanization. This paper chooses the total energy consumption, general public budget expenditure, and the proportion of employment personnel in the tertiary industry in all urban units as input variables. The total retail sales of consumer goods, urbanization rate, average annual concentration of pm2.5 (popW), and built-up area as output variables. This paper uses DEA method to measure the comprehensive efficiency value, technical efficiency value, and scale efficiency value of new urbanization in Shanghai, and analyzes the influencing factors of urbanization efficiency. The results show the following: (1) The overall level of comprehensive efficiency value, technical efficiency value, and scale efficiency of Shanghai’s new-type urbanization are relatively high, especially the technical efficiency basically stays at a high level. The overall trend of scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency is consistent, and the comprehensive efficiency is greatly influenced by scale efficiency. (2) The technical efficiency of urbanization in Shanghai is close to the optimal, and there is little space for further increasing technological input to improve the comprehensive efficiency of new-type urbanization. The scale efficiency is slightly lower than the technical efficiency, and there is still some space for optimization. (3) In terms of urbanization input indicators, Shanghai’s total energy consumption and general public budget input were too much in the early years, which led to the reduction of urbanization efficiency, and the situation has been improved in recent years. In terms of the output index of urbanization, increasing the total retail sales of social consumer goods and the output of built-up area can make the urbanization efficiency of Shanghai reach the optimal efficiency.
This article aims to review, analyze, and classify the published research applications of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis technique. The number of filtered articles included in the study is 109, retrieved from 79 journals in the web of science (WoS) database during the period 1996–2019. The papers are classified into 15 application areas: energy and environment, transportation, banking, tourism, manufacturing, healthcare, power, agriculture, education, finance, petroleum, sport, communication, water, and miscellaneous. Moreover, we present descriptive statistics related to the growth of publications over time, the journals publishing the articles, keyword terms used, length of articles, and authorship analysis (including institutional and country affiliations). To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first survey reviewing the literature of the DEA window analysis applications in the 15 areas mentioned in the paper.
