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Map of Erioderma pedicellatum locations in Denali National Park and Preserve and Denali State Park, Alaska, USA. A) Map of Alaska with Denali N.P.P. and Denali State Park. B) Map of Denali N.P.P. and Denali State Park with 5 E. pedicellatum locations. C) Close up of E. pedicellatum locations in Denali N.P.P. and Denali State Park; 1* Kahiltna forest (west), 2* Kahiltna forest (east), 3* Coffee River, 4* Byer’s Lake, 5* Ermine Hill Trailhead. NOTE: Specimens from locations in Denali State Park were not collected.
Source publication
Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg is a globally rare, foliose cyanolichen known from
Scandinavia and southeastern Canada. In August 2007, several thalli of E. pedicellatum were collected in
Denali National Park and Preserve on the south side of the Alaska Range, Alaska, USA. Subsequently,
several additional thalli were observed in nearby Denal...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... National Park and Preserve and Denali State Park are located in southcentral Alaska, USA, between the latitudes of 62°18' N and 64°04' N and longitudes of 152° 52' W and 148° 48' W. The region is bisected by the Alaska Range and encompasses nearly 2.3 million hectares (Figure 1). The collections reported here were made in the Cook Inlet basin, which is subject to strong maritime influences from the Gulf of Alaska. ...
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Citations
... The boreal felt lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg.) is a species red-listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN ;Scheidegger 2003) that occurs in three geographically isolated populations within North America (Maass 1983;Nelson et al. 2009). The population on the island of Newfoundland is listed as being of Special Concern (COSEWIC 2014). ...
... In fact it was believed to be extinct in Europe by Jørgensen (1990), but young specimens were unexpectedly found in two disjunct regions in Norway (Holien et al. 1995; Reiso & Hofton 2006), apparently indicating recolonization. More recently, E. pedicellatum was surprisingly discovered in rich populations in damp conifer forests in Alaska (Nelson et al. 2009) and Kamchatka (Stepanchikova & Himelbrant 2012), confirming its restriction to moist boreal forests, while other species of the genus have mainly evolved in South America and South- East Asia (Jørgensen 2001; Jørgensen & Arvidsson 2002; Jørgensen & Sipman 2002). During recent decades, a number of studies have investigated habitat requirements and environmental effects that threaten the existence of E. pedicellatum. ...
... ex Carr., and in Europe on Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Specimens from south-central Alaska were collected in the Denali State Park (DSP) and the Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP), located between 62°18'– 64°04' N latitude and 152°52'–148°48' W longitude (for sampling details, see Nelson et al. 2009 ). In Kamchatka , specimens were collected in August 2009 during a collecting trip in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, south of the Nikolka Volcano, close to the confluence of the Levaja Schapina and Ipuin rivers. ...
The present study investigates the photobiont diversity of the boreal felt lichen, Erioderma pedicellatum . Previously sampled genetic data from Newfoundland were reanalyzed and new sequence data (16S rDNA, rbcLX ) of the boreal felt lichen from Alaska (USA), Kamchatka (Russia), and North Trøndelag (Norway) were generated. The highest genetic diversity of the photobiont is found in Alaska and Kamchatka, indicating that these may be the primary sources of the species in the Northern Hemisphere. In Newfoundland, the photobiont of E. pedicellatum was screened on leaves of the symbiotic liverwort Frullania asagrayana and it was found to occur on trees where no other lichens were present, demonstrating that the geographical distribution, and possibly also the ecological requirement of the photobiont of E. pedicellatum , is wider than that of the lichen phenotype. Finally, a postulated association between the occurrence of the vegetatively reproducing Coccocarpia palmicola and the occurrence of the compatible photobiont of E. pedicellatum on the same tree could not be established.
... Epiphytic species commonly found here, but rarely in the drier climates north of the Alaska Range include Usnea longissima and Lobaria pulmonaria. Noteworthy taxa from low elevation south-side forests in DNPP include the globally red-listed Erioderma pedicellatum (see Nelson et al. 2009, Stehn et al. 2013b) and Parmelina yalungana (Nelson et al. 2012). The macrolichen flora of non-forested sites in DNPP was greatly influenced by factors associated with coarse-scale environmental gradients such as elevation, slope, and aspect, but also by finer-scale gradients such as time since fire or disturbance (see Nelson et al. 2015) and substrate and moisture availability. ...
... This foliose cyanolichen is considered one of the most endangered lichens in the northern hemisphere (Scheidegger 2003). Its original discovery in DNPP was a major global range extension, as it was previously known from Scandinavia and eastern Canada (Nelson et al. 2009). An occupancy model of the species within Denali estimated the population to be greater than 100,000 thalli, tenfold larger than the rest of the worldwide population (Stehn et al. 2013b)Jørgensen and Zhurbenko 2002) and thus far remains known solely from Alaska and the high arctic of Siberia. ...
... Erioderma pedicellatum is a foliose epiphytic cyanolichen known from Scandinavia, Atlantic Canada, and Beringia (Scheidegger 2003;Nelson et al. 2009;Stehn et al. 2013). The European population has decreased dramatically despite conservation efforts (Holien et al. 1995) and is now small enough to be threatened even by stochastic events affecting single host trees. ...
Cyanolichens are obligate symbioses between fungi and cyanobacteria. In these associations the cyanobacterial symbiont can either be the sole photosynthetic partner or a secondary symbiont in addition to a primary green algal photobiont. Lichen-symbiotic cyanobacteria can provide both photosynthate and fixed nitrogen to their symbiotic partners and the relative importance of these functions varies in different types of cyanolichens. Cyanolichens occur in many types of terrestrial environments ranging from arctic tundra and semi-deserts to tropical montane rainforests. As symbiotic cyanobacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, cyanolichens contribute significant amounts of nitrogen to some ecosystems. Many of them have been adversely affected by habitat loss and other human induced environmental changes and some species are used as biological indicators of air quality and/or habitat continuity.
... In press.), fungi (Zhurbenko and Laursen 2003) and lichens (Nelson et al. 2009, Nelson et al. 2011, but also to the understanding of the biogeography of South-Central Alaska as a whole (Carlson et al. In press). ...
We present a substantially revised and updated bryophyte flora for the 2.4 million ha Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP) based on wide-ranging field investigations conducted over the period 2001–2011. We visited 39 inventory sites and 45 vegetation monitoring study areas within DNPP, increasing the number of bryophyte taxa previously known by 147. 499 taxa are reported in this updated flora (380 moss taxa in 134 genera and 119 liverwort taxa in 43 genera). We provide geographic and ecological summaries through annotations and distribution maps for 24 of the most noteworthy finds, as well as comments on patterns of bryophyte community composition and dominance in this large and previously poorly-studied region.
... The boreal felt lichen Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg. is a conspicuous foliose lichen known from Scandinavia ( Ahlner 1948, Holien et al. 1995, Tønsberg et al. 1996, Jørgensen 1990), Atlantic Canada, from Newfoundland to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (Ahti & Jørgensen 1971, Maass 1980, 1983, as well as Alaska ( Nelson et al. 2009). Over the last 70 yr, the European population has decreased dramatically (Holien et al. 1995, Tønsberg et al. 1996, Scheidegger 1998) despite efforts to preserve the remaining populations. ...
A preliminary population model was developed for the boreal felt lichen Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg. in Newfoundland using life stage data collected in eastern and south-central Newfoundland, Canada. This Critically Endangered epiphytic lichen displayed a life history strategy with high adult survival and low recruitment. Deterministic models in 6 mo to 1 yr intervals were generated, yielding similar results to the overall mean values for the 4 yr of study in eastern Newfoundland. The populations of E. pedicellatum in Newfoundland are predicted by our models to be unsustainable because of adult mortality, and we attribute this problem to a decline in the forests of balsam fir Abies balsamea (Mill) that predominantly support this lichen. In eastern Newfoundland, thalli are located almost entirely on mature to over-mature balsam fir, and there is little regeneration because of heavy browsing by the introduced moose Alces alces population. The current and projected predictors indicate that habitat effects may be important in predicting future population size. An assessment of the stable stage distribution indicated that the current population has more juveniles and fewer apothecia-bearing thalli than projected, meaning the current population likely generated from a different set of survival and recruitment rates. The projected annual population growth rates calculated for 4 yr indicated that populations are declining (λ < 1.0, mean decline ± SD = -0.175 ± 0.079). The elasticity values support the fact that the population growth rates are most sensitive to changes in the survival of necrotic (apothecia-bearing) cohorts. We suggest that conservation is best focused on the inventory and protection of old-growth forests important to this species, the reduction of the introduced moose population and the use of herbivore exclosures in specific core population areas.
Industrial forestry can negatively affect biodiversity, and rare or endangered species are particularly vulnerable. Boreal felt lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M.Jørg.) is a globally critically endangered species, and its population in Nova Scotia has been reduced through harvesting of its host tree balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). We hypothesized that forest harvesting adjacent to and within the landscape of boreal felt lichen could increase the risk of mortality by negatively affecting microclimate of its habitat. Autologistic regression models were used to measure probability of mortality (death or disappearance) with harvesting history at the stand and landscape scales. Erioderma pedicellatum mortality and 17-year tree harvesting history derived from satellite data were used in the model. Modeling at the stand scale suggested that the probability of E. pedicellatum mortality increased as the area of tree harvesting increased. At the landscape scale, the model suggested that probability of E. pedicellatum mortality increased as the area of harvest within 500 m increased. Adjacent tree harvesting may increase solar radiation, wind, and temperature, which could have a negative effect on E. pedicellatum survival. We recommend maintaining uncut buffer zones around E. pedicellatum and limiting the size of harvest blocks and amount of harvesting in the landscape over a given time period to help conserve this endangered species.
The boreal felt lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg.) is globally critically endangered, being threatened by forestry operations, habitat disturbance, and air pollution. To determine if loss of habitat due to forestry activities has occurred in Nova Scotia, a predictive habitat model was built using historical data from 1988. Satellite data were used for the period between 1987 and 2005 to determine the amount of suitable habitat harvested during this period. Available habitat was modeled through time from 1988 to 2005 in which area harvested was subtracted and regeneration was added in 3- to 5-year time steps. The predicted suitable boreal felt lichen habitat area was then modeled from 2005 to 2055 using the same harvesting assumptions and modeling process, but using 10-year time steps. The results of the model indicated that there has been a loss of 2311 ha (11.5%) in the amount of predicted suitable boreal felt lichen habitat between 1988 and 2005. A forward-projected drop is predicted between 2005 and 2055 that will amount to 4499 ha (25.4%), assuming no change in forest harvesting. Protection of unoccupied habitat surrounding existing boreal felt is recommended.
We investigated habitat attributes related to the occupancy of the globally rare and endangered epiphytic lichen, Erioderma pedicellatum, in a newly discovered (2009) population center in Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP), Alaska. We measured forest, tree and epiphytic lichen community characteristics on eighty-five systematically selected plots in four study areas. We aggregated these data at three spatial scales (tree, plot and study area) at which to compare E. pedicellatum occupancy (probability of occurrence) and abundance to environmental covariates. We observed 2,035 E. pedicellatum thalli on 278 individual Picea glauca stems. The species occurred in 61% of the plots measured. Occupancy of E. pedicellatum at the individual tree-scale was influenced by stem diameter, study area, live crown length, plot P. glauca basal area, plot canopy cover and distance to open water. Our models for E. pedicellatum occupancy at the plot-scale identified study area, P. glauca density, deciduous basal area (Betula neoalaskana and Populus trichocarpa), and tall shrub cover (>= 200 cm in height) as significant covariates. Our estimates of the DNPP population size increase the world population by at least tenfold to approximately 100,000 thalli. We suggest important topics for further research on E. pedicellatum.
