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Climate change is an emerging reality across the globe effecting the human lives directly and indirectly as well. Agriculture sector is highly exposed to the climate and would be affected to large extent in future. This study probes the impacts of climate change on net revenue of wheat growers across agroclimatic zones of Balochistan. Using multist...
Citations
... A few studies used cross-sectional data from individual countries. They applied discrete choice models, such as the Multinomial Logistic (MNL) regression model by Tasnim et al. (2023) in Bangladesh and the Ricardian model by Hamdullah et al. (2021) in Pakistan. ...
One of the major obstacles to agriculture is global climate change, which damages crop productivity through increasing temperatures and irregular precipitation patterns. Wheat, one of the most vital staple crops in the world, is particularly susceptible to these weather Therefore, understanding the fundamental relationship between wheat yield and climate is critical in developing effective adaptation and mitigation plans. The study aims to determine how unirrigated wheat yield evolves depending on the temperature, humidity, rainfall, rainfed areas, and fertilizer in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Kripfganz method was used for p-value calculation, and the DYNARDL simulation model and the autoregressive distributed lag bound testing were used to analyze data from the Development Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Pakistan Meteorological Department. Unit root analysis was used to check the stationarity of the time series. Then, DYARDL-bound Testing was used for long-run cointegration analysis among variables. The short-run influence of precipitation is substantial, but the long-run impact is not. Meanwhile, the use of chemical fertilizers does not influence yields in either the short or long run. In addition, neither short-run nor long-run yields are statistically significantly connected with the highest temperature. The DYNARDL simulation model reveals precipitation, rainfed-area, and fertilization shocks in the long and short run. The 10 % positive and negative shocks in DYNARDL simulations are supplemented with graphical interpretations of the impact on yield. The study results may have significant implications for policymakers and management professionals in the agriculture sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.These findings can inform the development of strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on wheat yields, ultimately enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability in the region.
... 02 (2) 2023. 131-145 study area in the light of pertinent literature (Hamdullah et al., 2021). In the first stage, District Pishin and Killa Abdullah were chosen purposively on basis of grapes production. ...
The main objective of this study was to estimate post-harvest losses of grapes and identify their determinants. Cross-sectional data were collected from two main grape-growing districts (Killa Abdullah and Pishin) of Balochistan province, Pakistan. A sample of 180 farmers was drawn from selected areas using multistage sampling techniques and Cochran's proportional allocation techniques. The data were analyzed using the linear multiple regression analysis technique. The study findings showed that post-harvest losses in selected areas ranged from 19% to 29%, and the Killa Abdullah district was found to face relatively more losses. The results of regression analysis showed that socioeconomic factors such as age, education, and experience had a significant negative impact on post-harvest losses, implying that increases in these factors may reduce post-harvest losses. The results further suggest that distance from farm to market increases losses. The average post-harvest losses in the district of Pishin were 227 kg/Ton or 22.72%. Within the respective district, losses ranged from 19% to 27%. The minimum losses were suffered by grapes growers in UC Sheikhalzai whereas the maximum losses occurred in UC Huramzai. In addition, growers who harvest in the morning, use shears/scissors as picking tools, color as maturity indicator, and refrigerated trucks as transport have fewer losses than other growers. However, the losses in the entire surveyed area range from 18% to 28.54%. The least losses suffering UC among all UCs was Sheikhalzai (18.84%) while the most affected UC was Pir Alizai (28.54%) based on the data analysis. It was concluded that the demographics of the operations involved in postharvest management had a large impact on postharvest damage. Based on the results suggested by the study, growers should harvest grapes in the morning using modern picking tools.
... For example, it is common to observe that the physical infrastructure of energy and logistics can be damaged because of storms and floods. Similarly, drought leads to less agricultural output (Ali et al., 2021;Khan et al., 2019) and all of them lead to a fall in the standard of living. Climate Risk Index (CRI; 2021) reported a $2.56tn (PPP) loss because of extreme weather conditions, and over 475,000 people died because of it during the period 2000-2019. ...
Purpose
Social development is the ultimate goal of every nation, and climate change is a major stumbling block. Climate Risk Index has documented several climate change events with their devastations in terms of lives lost and economic cost. This study aims to link the climate change and renewable energy with the social progress of extreme climate affected countries.
Design/methodology/approach
This research used the top 50 most climate-affected countries of the decade and estimated the impact of climate risk on social progress with moderation effects of renewable energy and technology. Several competing panel data models such as quantile regression, bootstrap quantile regression and feasible generalized least square are used to generate robust estimates.
Findings
The results confirm that climate hazards obstruct socioeconomic progress, but renewable energy and technology can help to mitigate the repercussion. Moreover, improved institutions enhance the social progress of nations.
Research limitations/implications
Government should improve the institutional quality that enhances their performance in terms of Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption to increase social progress. In addition, society should use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels to avoid environmental degradation and health hazards. Innovation and technology also play an important role in social progress and living standards, so there should be free hand to private business research and development, encouraging research institutes and universities to come forward for innovation and research.
Practical implications
The ultimate goal of all human struggle is to have progress that facilitates human beings to uplift their living standard. One of the best measures that can tell us about a nation’s progress is Social Progress Index (SPI), and one of many factors that can abruptly change it is the climate; so this study is an attempt to link the relationship among these variables and also discuss the situation where the impact of climate can be reduced.
Social implications
Although social progress is an important concept of today’s economics discussion, relatively few studies are using the SPI to measure social well-being. Similarly, there is consensus about the impact of climate on people, government and crops but relatively less study about its overall impact on social progress, so this study attempts to fill the gap about the relationship between social progress and climate change.
Originality/value
The main contribution of this study is the solution for the impact of climate risk. Climate risk is not in human control, and we cannot eliminate it, but we can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Moderator impact of renewable energy decreases the negative impact of climate change, so there is a need to use more renewable energy to mitigate the bad consequences of climate on social progress. Another moderator is technology; using technology will also mitigate the negative consequences of the climate, so there is a need to facilitate technological advancement.
... At the first stage, three tehsils were selected randomly from seven tehsils. At the second stage, the required number of rice growers were randomly selected from the chosen tehsils using the formula from [21], as used by the authors of [17,19,[22][23][24], given as: ...
Pakistan is one of the world’s leading producers, exporters, and consumers of rice. This
study analyzes the technical efficiency of rice growing farmers in the Swat district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to interview 204 rice growers through a well-structured and pretested interview schedule. The maximum likelihood function results showed that chemicals, urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), labor, and farmyard manure (FYM-dummy) were positive and had a statistically significant effect on rice yield; this implies that a 1% increase in chemicals, urea, DAP, labor, and FYM leads to an increase in rice production by 0.22%, 0.25%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.01%, respectively. The estimated results of model 2 reported that
respondents’ age had a positive significant effect on inefficiency, showing that with a rise in farmers’ age, the farmers’ inefficiency significantly increased. The education and experience of farmers were negative and significant, implying that these variables significantly decreased the farmers’ inefficiency. Furthermore, the results showed the mean technical efficiency as 87%, with a minimum of 66% and a maximum of 99%. The study recommends that the extension department needs to arrange training programs for the rice growers in this specific area to boost rice yield, enhance agronomic skills, and
facilitate these farmers with the technical knowledge for efficient production.
Climate change is the momentous and persisting change in the world’s temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other climatic variables. This study, therefore estimated the impact of climatic variations on tomato productivity across agro ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Panel data for 28 years (1991-2018) across the six districts of the agro ecological was used due to availability of data on tomato productivity and climatic variables. Yield of tomato, area, maximum temperature and rainfall were included in the final estimated model. The results indicate that the average maximum temperature and average maximum temperature square have a significant impact on tomato yield. Average maximum temperature has positive coefficient while the average maximum temperature square has a negative coefficient. This demonstrates that, at first, the tomato yield increases as the temperature rises. It reaches the maximum at the critical temperature (34.95ºC) but shows a decline once the temperature rises from the critical value.
