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![Table 1 : The vowel phonemes of Igbo[10]](profile/Du-Ebem/publication/27353122/figure/tbl1/AS:668443103727637@1536380663766/The-vowel-phonemes-of-Igbo10_Q320.jpg)
Measurement of the quality of Igbo speech.
Similar publications
This paper presents results of quality and acceptability level tests, performed on similar groups of listeners with two years span in years 2008, 2010 and 2012. It shows shift in both quality and acceptability level and compares them. The tests were conducted according to P.800.
![Fig. 1. Graphical representation of the model proposed in [4].](profile/Yishan-Jiao/publication/314265866/figure/fig1/AS:887592790794241@1588630020677/Graphical-representation-of-the-model-proposed-in-4_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the model proposed in [4].](profile/Yishan-Jiao/publication/314265866/figure/fig2/AS:887592790802435@1588630020702/Graphical-representation-of-the-model-proposed-in-4_Q320.jpg)
Citations
The Igbo people survived a civil war that raged between 1967 and 1970 and that devastated their land and reduced their population because of more than three million deaths. They were confronted with the challenges of beginning life afresh from scratch with almost nothing. Since then, they have allegedly been marginalised on a continuous basis by the Nigerian government. This notwithstanding the people with their communal spirit, which saw them through the civil war, have continued to cement their survival resolve in the post-war era. The aim of this article was to study the Igbo communal system as the bedrock of Igbo progress, especially in the past 50 years and recommends it as the basic principle of Igbo survival in Nigeria. It considers Igbo communal spirit as a veritable panacea against the recent agitations for secession by the people as that would guarantee Igbo people an ample space to operate in Nigeria. The methodology used in this article is a qualitative phenomenological method. This was carried out by interviewing some members of Igbo society, observing and interpreting events in Igbo society and as documented in literatures. It was found that Igbo people have really done well for themselves despite the seeming marginalisation by sticking to their resilient spirit. This study concluded that instead of seeking for independence from Nigeria, the Igbo people need to be mindful of their resilient communal spirit and reinforce it in all spheres of life. This would make them more relevant in the country’s affairs than they are currently.
Scalable and diagnosable are the two most crucial needs for voice call quality assessment in mobile networks. However, while these two requirements are widely accepted by mobile carriers, they do not receive enough attention during the development. Current related research mainly focuses on audio feature analysis, which is costly, sensitive to language and tones, and infeasible to be applied to large-scale mobile networks. In this paper, we revisit this problem, and for the first time explore wireless network, the causal factor that directly impacts the mobile voice quality but yet lacks attention for decades. We design CrowdMi, a wireless analytical tool that model the mobile voice quality by crowdsourcing and mining the network indicators of cellphones. CrowdMi mines hundreds of network indicators to build a causal relationship between voice quality and network conditions, and carefully calibrates the model according to the widely accepted perceptual objective listening quality assessment (POLQA) voice assessment standard. We implement a light-load CrowdMi Client App in Android smartphones, which automatically collects data through user crowdsourcing and outputs to the CrowdMi Server in our data center that runs the mining algorithm. We conduct a pilot trial in VoLTE network in different geographical areas and network coverages. The trial shows that the CrowdMi does not require any additional hardware or human effort, and has very high model accuracy and strong diagnosability.
Voice over IP (VoIP), a modern form of telecommunications, requires real-time transmission. However, there are limitations (e.g., packet loss and delay) which result in degradation in quality of voice transmission over an IP network. ITU-T, a sector of the International Telecommunication Union, has issued recommendations for VoIP quality based on a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) derived primarily from studies on European languages. ITU-T has acknowledged that there is an issue related to dependence on language/culture/nationality and the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multimedia, including MOS. Because ITU-T standards have yet to be adopted for measurement of voice quality for tonal languages (e.g. Thai), the research in this thesis has several aims as follows. First, it is to carry out detailed assessment of subjective voice quality for the standard spoken Thai language and for native Thai speakers in a Thai environment. Second, to compare voice quality perceived by Thai users of four VoIP codecs, G.729, G.711A-law, G.722 and G.723.1 (at 5.3 kbps). It has been found that Thai users found no significant difference between three of the codecs with a slight preference for G.722 over G.711A-law over G.729 codec. However, they ranked G.723.1 as having significantly poorer voice quality than the others. Therefore G.729 is recommended as the best choice because it has MOS in the range 4.13- 4.18 but requires a lower bandwidth than G.722 or G.711A-law. Third, it is to propose acceptable voice quality standards for VoIP services for Thai language and for native speakers of Thai. It has been found that, on average, Thai users expected VoIP quality equivalent to a MOS of 3.41, i.e., fair quality. Finally, this thesis proposes two new models for Thai languages and Thai users, namely a Thai subjective-VoIP Quality Evaluation (ThaiVQE) model and an Enhanced E-model (E2-model), an objective method. The ThaiVQE model focused on two major network parameters, packet loss and packet delay, and a G.711A-law codec. The E2-model was obtained by including a subjective Thai bias factor in a standard E-model. The results showed that both models gave significant accuracy and reliability improvements compared to the standard E-model, with error reduction more than 20%. Therefore, both of the new models can support voice quality measurement in Thai environments with high accuracy, reliability and confidence.
