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Map indicating location of grids containing coral transplants in the field and in the land-based tanks.
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Citations
... To assess coral survival, the researchers used ImageJ software from the National Institutes of Health to calculate the coral cover area in the photographs. The survival of corals was categorized into four tissue living grade intervals: <5% tissue coverage (Yap et al. 2011;Afiq-Rosli et al. 2017), 6-24%, 25-49% (Kotb 2003), and ≥50% (Tamir et al. 2020). However, for analysis, the researchers combined the data into two grade groups, namely >5% tissue coverage and ≥50% tissue coverage grades. ...
Coral reef ecosystems worldwide are facing significant damage due to climate change and human disturbances. Consequently, restoration actions have been implemented to repair degraded reef areas. However, many restoration efforts have been hindered by severe environmental conditions, which can hamper restoration success and create challenges in developing cost‐effective coral reef restoration methods. To address this, we conducted a study to test a low‐cost reef restoration tool known as “framed reef modules” (FRMs), specifically aiming to mitigate the impacts of typhoons. We measured the growth rates (after 300 days) and survivorship (after 400 days) of Acropora hyacinthus and A. microphthalma fragments located at different distances from substrates (H0, H10, H30, and H45). The FRMs were exposed to multiple typhoons, and despite the harsh conditions, they remained undamaged. For comparison, we also examined basalt grid plates buried in gravel. After 400 days, the H45 FRMs showed the highest survival rates ( A. hyacinthus 86% and A. microphthalma 90%) compared to H30 FRMs ( A. hyacinthus 80% and A. microphthalma 84%), H10 FRMs ( A. hyacinthus 4% and A. microphthalma 24%), and H0 FRMs ( A. hyacinthus 3% and A. microphthalma 22%). It was found that transplanted corals with a height of at least 30 cm from the substrate demonstrated resilience against impacts caused by macroalgae, turf algae, and sedimentation rates. This study showed the effectiveness of an ecological engineering approach using FRMs to enhance the three‐dimensional complexity of restored reefs and rehabilitate coral reefs damaged by typhoons. Furthermore, this method offered reduced costs and improved reef resilience.
... Other studies have also found that algal populations tend to be resilient, thereby inhibiting the growth of mature corals(Birrell et al 2005;Kuffner et al 2006). High or excessive algal growth is one of the main problems and inhibiting factors for the success of coral restoration efforts, as it leads to low growth or high mortality rates(Yap & Molina 2003;Dizon & Yap 2006;Palomar et al 2009;Shaish et al 2010b;Yap et al 2011) ...
... It is also well documented that initial colonizing microbial algal and invertebrate assemblages may affect settlement of coral larvae; moreover the chemical glycosaminoglycan isolated from a coralline alga (Hydrolithon boergesenii) that signals Agaricia agaricites humilis larvae to settle, the synthesized material, called "coral flypa per", proved effective for attracting larvae (Rinkevich 2005). Yap et al. (2011) found that coral transplantation experiments can provide a useful platform by which to examine the overgrowth of coral by algae under different environmental conditions. Macroalgae are well known competitors of corals for space and light (Lirman 2001, Diaz-Pulido 2009. ...
Ammar MSA,El-Gammal F, Nassar M, Belal A, Farag W, El-Mesiry G, El-Haddad K, Orabi A, Abdelreheem A, Shaaban A. 2013. Review: Current trends in coral transplantation - an approach to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversitas 14: 43-53. The increasing rates of coral mortality associated with the rise in stress factors and the lack of adequate recovery worldwide have urged recent calls for actions by the scientific, conservation, and reef management communities. This work reviews the current trends in coral transplantation. Transplantation of coral colonies or fragments, whether from aqua-, mariculture or harvesting from a healthy colony, has been the most frequently recommended action for increasing coral abundance on damaged or degraded reefs and for conserving listed or "at-risk" species. Phytoplanktons are important for providing transplanted corals with complex organic compounds through photosynthesis. Artificial surfaces like concrete blocks, wrecks or other purpose-designed structures can be introduced for larval settlement. New surfaces can also be created through electrolysis. Molecular biological tools can be used to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Surface chemistry and possible inputs of toxic leachate from artificial substrates are considered as important factors affecting natural recruitment. Transplants should be carefully maintained , revisited and reattached at least weekly in the first month and at least fortnightly in the next three months. Studies on survivorship and the reproductive ability of transplanted coral fragments are important for coral reef restoration. A coral nursery may be considered as a pool for local species that supplies reef-managers with unlimited coral colonies for sustainable management. Transplanting corals for making artificial reefs can be useful for increasing biodiversity, providing tourist diving, fishing and surfing; creating new artisanal and commercial fishing opportunities, colonizing structures by fishes and invertebrates), saving large corals during the construction of a Liquified Natural Gas Plant.
... It is also well documented that initial colonizing microbial algal and invertebrate assemblages may affect settlement of coral larvae; moreover the chemical glycosaminoglycan isolated from a coralline alga (Hydrolithon boergesenii) that signals Agaricia agaricites humilis larvae to settle, the synthesized material, called "coral flypa per", proved effective for attracting larvae (Rinkevich 2005). Yap et al. (2011) found that coral transplantation experiments can provide a useful platform by which to examine the overgrowth of coral by algae under different environmental conditions. Macroalgae are well known competitors of corals for space and light (Lirman 2001, Diaz-Pulido 2009. ...
Current trends in coral transplantation – an approach to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversitas 14: 43-53. The increasing rates of
coral mortality associated with the rise in stress factors and the lack of adequate recovery worldwide have urged recent calls for actions
by the scientific, conservation, and reef management communities. This work reviews the current trends in coral transplantation.
Transplantation of coral colonies or fragments, whether from aqua-, mariculture or harvesting from a healthy colony, has been the most
frequently recommended action for increasing coral abundance on damaged or degraded reefs and for conserving listed or “at-risk”
species. Phytoplanktons are important for providing transplanted corals with complex organic compounds through photosynthesis.
Artificial surfaces like concrete blocks, wrecks or other purpose-designed structures can be introduced for larval settlement. New
surfaces can also be created through electrolysis. Molecular biological tools can be used to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual
recruits. Surface chemistry and possible inputs of toxic leachate from artificial substrates are considered as important factors affecting
natural recruitment. Transplants should be carefully maintained , revisited and reattached at least weekly in the first month and at least
fortnightly in the next three months. Studies on survivorship and the reproductive ability of transplanted coral fragments are important
for coral reef restoration. A coral nursery may be considered as a pool for local species that supplies reef-managers with unlimited coral
colonies for sustainable management. Transplanting corals for making artificial reefs can be useful for increasing biodiversity, providing
tourist diving, fishing and surfing; creating new artisanal and commercial fishing opportunities, colonizing structures by fishes and
invertebrates), saving large corals during the construction of a Liquified Natural Gas Plant.
