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Reliability and validity of groundwater analysis strongly depend on the availability of large volumes of high-quality data. Putting all data into a coherent and logical structure supported by a computing environment helps ensure validity and availability and provides a powerful tool for hydrogeological studies. A hydrogeological geographic informat...
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Development of representative conceptual groundwater flow model is an important step before translating it into a numerical model. In this paper, a methodology for development of conceptual groundwater flow model has been presented in which spatially distributed values for groundwater recharge has been utilized instead of lump sum average values of...
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... Accordingly, analyzing river basin attributes elucidates the relationship between drainage pattern features and allows for comparing distinct basins formed under different geological and environmental conditions (Jha, 1996;Sreedevi et al., 2013;Swain et al., 2022a,b). The circulation of spatiotemporal ground and surface waters is heavily influenced by a basin's hydrological activities (Gogu et al., 2001). Hence, morphometric analysis of a drainage basin is instrumental for geotechnical investigations, groundwater mapping, watershed delineation, runoff analysis, and watershed modeling (Thomas et al., 2012;Sahoo et al., 2021). ...
The Dabus River Basin (DRB) holds significant value within the Upper Blue Nile region yet has seen minimal exploration regarding its morphometric features. This investigation employed geospatial techniques to characterize the linear, areal, and relief morphometric properties of the DRB in the Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. Data sources such as the SRTM DEM, hydrological, and geological maps were utilized to comprehensively analyze the basin's morphometric aspects. In the ArcGIS environment, 26 morphometric parameters were assessed through standard statistical methodologies. The basin possesses 210,776 streams with a dendritic pattern, ranging from 1st to 9th order, reflecting lithological uniformity and structural oversight. The total stream length is 57,233 km, scattered across a basin area of 14,833.7 km2. With an average bifurcation ratio of 3, the basin displays a low degree of lithological influence and structural disturbances influencing the drainage patterns. The form factor (0.2), elongation ratio (0.5) and circulatory ratio (0.2) values suggests an elongated basin shape, resulting in poor runoff and increased erosion frequency. A high correlation can also be observed among stream frequency (14.2), drainage density (3.9), and texture ratio (54.5), which implies high basin impermeability and a heightened risk of erosion. Key relief attributes of the basin include a low to moderate relief (2641 m), an 8.8 relief ratio (erosion potential), a 10.2 ruggedness number (rugged and flood-prone terrain), and a 5.6 m/km channel gradient (steep slopes, increased runoff, erosion potential). This study aims to serve as a foundation for comprehending the DRB and facilitating the development of precise and successful land and water management strategies.
... The availability of significant amounts of high-quality data is crucial for the validity and reliability of groundwater analysis. A powerful tool for hydrogeological research can be created by organizing all the data into a logical structure that is supported by a computational environment [1]. The Drastic method can detect areas with a high potential for groundwater exploration. ...
Preventive management and protection of groundwater were to create a groundwater vulnerability map. This map provided information distribution on the level of vulnerability to groundwater contamination in an area. The impact made considered in making regional decisions to create a sustainable development framework. The DRASTIC method is an instrument for evaluating the vulnerability of groundwater pollution. The DRASTIC methods can use evaluate vulnerabilities of groundwater contamination which seven parameters: the depth of the groundwater table (D), rainPL (R), aquifer media (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), the influence of unsaturated zones (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The additional parameter is the use of land resulting from vulnerability. The parameter data will be poured into a map using ArcGIS and analyzed using the DRASTIC rating index. Eight attributes are included in the modified DRASTIC model, including hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, topography, impact of the vadose zone, depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, and aquifer media. In a GIS system, these layers were combined using the Raster Calculator tool. The modelx was further validated using fifteen groundwater composite samples that were also gathered. Based on the results of the analysis, groundwater vulnerability in Terjun’s landfill from the five parameters, the value of the DRASCTIC index is 137 which indicates the vulnerability of groundwater is at medium/moderate. Aquifers next to floodplain areas are very sensitive, whereas those next to terrace areas are less vulnerable, according to the results. The model's findings confirm that the topography, soil media, and aquifer depth indicated the strongest correlations with vulnerability. A positive association between the vulnerability classes and the three groundwater quality measures electrical conductivity was also found during the validation of the final DRASTIC map. Although the levels of contamination at this time are below acceptable bounds, the possibility of additional contamination cannot be completely eliminated and is really rather plausible.
... The GMS is a very effective pre-and post-processor and it offers various groundwater operations [7]. It works in three steps like conceptual model design, data and construction and calibration of model. ...
... The usage of Remote Sensing (RS) has enabled the development of spatial, spectral, and temporal datasets within a limited time and reduced financial capabilities (Arkoprovo et al., 2012;Moghaddam et al., 2015;Nampak et al., 2014;Panahi et al., 2017;Pradhan, 2009;Prasad et al., 2008;). Geographical Information System (GIS) are useful tools to handle large spatial datasets and assist in decision making in various fields like hydrology and environmental sciences (Gogu et al., 2001;Jha & Chowdary, 2007;Gaur et al., 2011;Magesh et al., 2012;Chowdhury et al., 2009). RS and GIS have also been widely utilized for accessing, preserving, and monitoring groundwater reservoirs (Abdalla, 2012;Fashae et al., 2014;Ghorbani Nejad et al., 2017;Rajasekhar et al., 2018). ...
Karachi is the largest industrial metropolitan of Pakistan facing an acute water shortage which is leading to an overdraft of groundwater resources in the city. Groundwater is an important freshwater resource for the city as millions of people depend for sustenance. However, over-exploitation of groundwater has led to decreased groundwater levels within the city leading to environmental issues of depleting aquifers, deteriorating groundwater quality, land subsidence, and harm to groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The objective of the study was to assess the potential groundwater accumulation zones by integrating hydrogeological aspects of the city through nine thematic layers using the Geographic Information System (GIS) based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. The potential groundwater accumulation map reveals that 20% of the area has a low potential, 70% has moderate potential, and around 10% of the area in the city is composed of a high potential accumulation zone. The upstream regions of the city have the highest recharge potential because of sandy soil and barren land use, which promote high infiltration rates. The urbanized downstream areas have the lowest recharge potential due to impervious fabric. The findings reveal that the MCDA technique can be used with confidence in data-scarce regions for groundwater resource assessment and management. The recharge potential map can help better manage groundwater resources in the city by helping explore groundwater extraction opportunities and could hint at areas suitable for artificial recharge wells/ponds.
... Deep degradation of the ecosystem and the deterioration of surface and groundwater resources are widespread in Kazakhstan. The human health risks induced by using polluted groundwater, especially with heavy metals in Kazakhstan, are becoming a big issue similar to many developing countries [14]. A non-threshold model to estimate the carcinogenic risk of nitrate-nitrite in drinking water was applied in the neighboring countries, in Iran, on a regional scale [15]. ...
Securing water resources is a complicated issue in Kazakhstan. Only 36% of Kazakhstan’s rural population has access to a centralized water supply and 57.3% use groundwater accessed by wells and boreholes. The groundwater quality must be monitored to minimize health risks. The aim of this project is to investigate the groundwater quality in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Groundwater depletion, pollution, waterlogging, and salinization are all widespread in Kazakhstan. Previously, 500 self-flowing and, within this project, 204 wells were investigated in southern Kazakhstan, the Zhambyl region. The field works and data processing was carried out in three phases: first, a fieldwork survey of existing water wells; the second phase, field work with more detailed hydrogeological investigations, including measurements of flow rates, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity of water samples; the third phase, processing, and analysis of field data samples in chemical laboratories. Kazakhstan’s requirements for drinking water are much lower than the requirements in the EU. Less than 30% of Kazakhstan’s population has access to safe water and about 50% of the population consumes drinking water that does not meet international standards of salinity, hardness, or bacteriological levels.
... The use of hydrological modeling for a groundwater resources management is usually constrained by insufficient data, making the process labor-intensive and sluggish. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a state-of-the-art technology that plays a substantial role in addressing those problems (Gogu et al., 2001;Elbeih, 2015). In recent times, research centered on GIS has gained considerable popularity in groundwater resource management due to the spatial characteristic of the groundwater information (De Filippis et al., 2020). ...
... It is a tool employed for capturing, storing, exploring, managing, and eventually displaying all forms of geographical information (Foote and Lynch, 2009;Khatami and Khazaei, 2014). In GIS, the reality is portrayed using digital information, which describes positions in space and attributes information that made up of letters and numbers lists containing temporal information that describes when the other information is valid in time (Gogu et al., 2001). Because of its tremendous capacity to identify and manipulate spatial data, GIS has diverse applications and is therefore of considerable significance in different scientific disciplines (Chen et al., 2004). ...
... Integration also helps in reducing information isolation and improves data integrity (Bhatt et al., 2014;Alcaraz, 2016). According to Singh and Fiorentino (1996) and Gogu et al. (2001), the integration encompasses three major parts: (a) spatial data creation, (b) spatial coupling of the model's layers, and (c) the interface between GIS and hydrologic model. GIS aids in the design, calibration, and modification of hydrological models, and can interpret the hydrological modeling results into a groundwater resources program (Richards et al., 1993). ...
Groundwater is among the most crucial and indispensable resources on Earth. It is used by approximately two billion people for drinking and agricultural operations. Industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities have contributed to groundwater overuse, putting immense stresses on global groundwater resources supply. As such, appropriate groundwater resource monitoring and management strategies are required. The coupling of GIS and hydrological models has proven to be extremely effective and efficient in the collection, handling, analysis, visualization, and management of groundwater resource data. This chapter discusses the use of GIS-based hydrological models for groundwater resources management. The chapter explores a brief history of hydrological modeling, classifications of hydrological models, and methods of their calibrations and validations. Moreover, the chapter describes the methods of integration of GIS with hydrological models. Finally, the chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and future directions of using GIS-based hydrological models.
... Numerous groundwater studies have generated large volumes of data that are difficult to access and reuse. The development of monitoring technology and information systems has made it necessary for all scientific disciplines to initiate data collection in central or interconnected databases, following strict rules that enable information sharing [1,8,9,17,19,21,36]. At the European level, the Water Framework Directive (WFD; [11]) established a structure for community action in the water policy field. ...
Groundwater is an integral part of the water cycle and an essential human resource. Humans must protect this ever-changing heritage and preserve it in a sustainable way by understanding the physical and chemical properties of aquifers and monitoring their quantity and quality. Numerous studies have collected immense volumes of data that are difficult to access and not always comparable or of adequate quality. A pioneering national-scale database, ADES, was created in 1999 to store and make available quality data on French groundwater. This tool is freely accessible for/to water managers, scientists and the public. The data management system used in the database satisfies two important objectives: it is interoperable and based on a recognised groundwater reference system and provides high quality data to a large public. Data from different producers require normalisation and standardisation of system requirements to allow data integration and exchange. The database designers set up shared data models, and based the system on communal repositories of water points and hydrogeological entities. Nearly 102 million groundwater quality records and over 17 million water-level records are currently available, describing almost 61,800 stations. ADES makes it possible to visualise in “real-time" water level data for approximately 1500 stations equipped with GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology. ADES also provides, on a public website and via web services, public quantitative and qualitative data. ADES is an essential tool for developing groundwater services based on the FAIR guiding principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable data (Wilkinson et al. in SD 3:160018, 2016)
Article highlights
A unique database for storing and disseminating reliable, comprehensive, and up-to-date groundwater data to a large public.
An interoperable system based on a common reference system to ensure data reliability.
An interoperable system based on a common reference system to ensure data reliability.
... Hydrogeological studies such delineation of groundwater potential zones and groundwater modelling involve large volumes of multidisciplinary data (Gogu et al. 2001). Thus, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become a common tool used in such studies due to its suitability for handling complex geo-referenced data and applications in several disciplines including engineering and environmental studies (Stafford 1991;Goodchild 1993). ...
This study has employed cokriging and weighted overlay techniques in a GIS environment to delineate groundwater potential zones from hydrogeological parameters in the Assin Municipalities, Ghana, where groundwater is the main source of potable water but access to it is less predictable since the aquifers are structurally controlled. Data from drilling logs, borehole development and construction, and pumping test on 67 boreholes in the area were utilized to estimate the hydrogeological parameters such as borehole yield, transmissivity, specific capacity, aquifer thickness and water strike elevation. Then, using the cokriging and weighted overlay techniques in ArcGIS, spatial thematic maps were created for all the parameters and integrated to produce the groundwater potential map, which categorized the study area into very low, low, moderate, and high groundwater potential zones. The results revealed that the cokriging technique was better in delineating the groundwater potential zones of the study area with a prediction accuracy of 67%, while the weighted overlay approach had an accuracy of 44%. However, the delineated moderate and high groundwater potential zones in the area for both approaches were largely the same and underlined by granitic rocks. Also, the generated groundwater potential map categorized approximately 0.1% (2.78 km²), 35.2% (850.45 km²), 43.6% (1054.62 km²) and 21.1% (509.15 km²) of the study area as very low, low, moderate and high groundwater potential zones, respectively. Thus, the study provides very useful information on groundwater potential zones delineation, which would aid in effective exploration and development of groundwater resources.
... Additionally, a fall in groundwater level was detected in some areas because of over-pumping (Bear et al., 1999). Excessive pumping may lead to groundwater depletion (Gogu et al., 2001). Consequently, SLR and other human-induced stressors, including the growing population in the Nile delta, the subsequent operation of the GERD (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam), and the various forms of desertification processes currently observed (Aboel Ghar et al., 2004). ...
Land subsidence (LS) due to the Sea Level Rise (SLR) and over-pumping was observed in many groundwater aquifers worldwide. The geotechnical properties and numerical simulation are considered a new integrative approach to investigate the LS hazard. This study investigates the environmental hazards related to LS in the quaternary sediments using laboratory and numerical modeling in the coastal aquifer of Nile delta, Egypt, due to SLR and over-pumping. Therefore, the geotechnical tests are conducted for the aquifer cap and classify the surficial soil as silty clay with moderately complex dispersive characteristics. In addition, hydraulic conductivity and one-dimensional consolidation of silty clay samples were analyzed to estimate the long-term settlement.
Consequently, the groundwater head and drawdown were simulated for the current situation. Three proposed future scenarios are SLR and increased abstraction using the SEAWAT code. The results show that groundwater heads increased to 5.65, 14.50, and 26.70 cm for 2020, 2040, and 2060, respectively. Moreover, the estimated LS under the over-pumping scenario reached 7.60, 32.40, and 52.70 cm, with a maximum drawdown of 2.10, 9.70, and 15.10 m. SLR and over-pumping induce more inundation in the northern part due to SLR. The shoreline moves inland with a drawdown to 2, 9.50, and 14.80 m. Integration of measured and groundwater simulation settlements would provide appropriate information about the potential environmental hazards. Moreover, the future LS scenarios help stakeholders to make the right decision in developing effective measures in coastal aquifers to minimize the adverse impacts of LS on infrastructure waterways and human life.
... A conceptual model (Figure 4) was constructed using Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) version 10.3.6 (GMS 10.3.6, 2018), by AQUAVEO, as a graphical user interface (Gogu et al. 2001) for MODLFOW (Harbaugh et al. 2000) using the finite difference method. In order to simulate the different components of the conceptual model; i.e. the river, the wells, and the recharge, supporting packages such as RIV1 (McDonald & Harbaugh 1988;Harbaugh et al. 2000), WEL1 (Harbaugh et al. 2000), and RCH1 (Harbaugh et al. 2000) were used to simulate river, wells, and recharge, respectively. ...
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is an affordable technique to provide drinking water with adequate quality. The ultimate objective of this study is to facilitate the transferability and application of this sustainable technique in Egypt. In this work, a numerical model was constructed using Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) to study the effect of four design parameters on the RBF performance parameters (i.e., river filtrate portion and travel time) with the aid of MODPATH and ZONEBUDGET. The design parameters were: (1) the pumping rates of the RBF wells, (2) number of operating wells, (3) distance between wells and the river, and (4) the spacing between wells. This study was focused on the hydraulic aspects of the technique. The results demonstrated that: (1) the river filtrate portion exceeds 75% regardless of the design conditions, and (2) the hydraulic performance of the RBF technique is highly controlled by the production capacity of the wells and their positions relative to the surface water systems; the spacing between wells has a minimum effect. Two equations were developed to estimate the river filtrate portion and minimum travel time as functions of pumping rate and distance between the pumping well and the river. HIGHLIGHTS
Hydraulic aspects of riverbank filtration.;
Impact of design parameters on river filtrate portion and travel time.;
The relation between over-pumping and river filtrate portion.;
Multi-regression analysis for RBF performance.;
