Map and phylogenetic analysis of 32 B. bubo mitogenomes. (A) Map indicating the collection sites for 32 B. bubo samples. (1) B. b. ussuriensis, NEC lineage, Heilongjiang (n = 3, green), Beijing (n = 14, blue); (2) B. b. kiautschensis, SC lineage, Hunan (n = 6, yellow), Hubei (n = 2, red); (3) B. b. tibetanus, QYC lineage, Qinghai (n = 4, brown), Yunnan (n = 3, pink). (B) Median-joining network obtained from 32 B. bubo mitogenomes. Sizes of circles are proportional to the frequencies of haplotypes. Colors define the geographical origins of the samples based on subspecies distribution. (C) Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayes based on three B. bubo subspecies complete mitogenomes. Posterior probabilities are presented above branches.

Map and phylogenetic analysis of 32 B. bubo mitogenomes. (A) Map indicating the collection sites for 32 B. bubo samples. (1) B. b. ussuriensis, NEC lineage, Heilongjiang (n = 3, green), Beijing (n = 14, blue); (2) B. b. kiautschensis, SC lineage, Hunan (n = 6, yellow), Hubei (n = 2, red); (3) B. b. tibetanus, QYC lineage, Qinghai (n = 4, brown), Yunnan (n = 3, pink). (B) Median-joining network obtained from 32 B. bubo mitogenomes. Sizes of circles are proportional to the frequencies of haplotypes. Colors define the geographical origins of the samples based on subspecies distribution. (C) Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayes based on three B. bubo subspecies complete mitogenomes. Posterior probabilities are presented above branches.

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The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is distributed throughout Asia and Europe and contains approximately twelve subspecies. Three subspecies, B. b. kiautschensis, B. b. ussuriensis, and B. b. tibetanus, are separately distributed in the refugia and plateau habitats of China. However, the genetics of these subspecies and populations have not been stu...

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