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Map: Chronological, geographical, and typological distribution of wheel finds (Hans J.J.G. Holm 2019, The earliest wheel finds, their archaeology and Indo-European terminology in time and space, and early migrations around the Caucasus).
Source publication
The role that the cartwheel played in the life of the Indo-Europeans has primarily been studied from the perspective of specialists, often without sufficient consideration of the other fields involved. Therefore, we research an archaeological list of the oldest wheel finds (before ca. 2000 BCE) with regard to the most accurate dating, location, and...
Citations
... The bicycle was invented approximately 200 years ago (Scally, 2017). The wheel was invented approximately 6000 years ago (Holm, 2019). But the boat was invented more than a million years ago (Johnstone, 2013), long before the invention of clothing approximately 100,000 years ago. ...
... The bicycle was invented approximately 200 years ago (Scally, 2017). The wheel was invented approximately 6000 years ago (Holm, 2019). But the boat was invented more than a million years ago (Johnstone, 2013), long before the invention of clothing approximately 100,000 years ago. ...
The volume Crossing the Border of Humanity: Cyborgs in Ethics, Law, and Art features contributions that explore various aspects of cyborgs in philosophical, bioethical, and legal discourses as well as in artistic projects. The goal of this volume is to offer a place for a passionate interdisciplinary debate on the dimensions of the cyborg and the process of cyborgization that we are witnessing in the 21st century. By presenting this volume to readers, we aim to blur the borders between human (mind and flesh) and machine, as well as to cross the boundaries of various disciplines (professions) and passions (e.g., hobbies) of art, science, technology, law, and humanities. By pointing out its multidimensional character, we wish to provide a forum for mutual inspirations.
... We proffer that if the canonical form of cyborg is a human riding a bicycle, that a human riding a boat is also a cyborg. The bicycle was invented June 12th, 1817 [9], a little more than 200 years ago, and the wheel was invented approximately 6000 years ago [10], but the invention of the boat dates back much further, to prehistoric times, more than a million years ago [11]. In this sense cyborgs have been around for more than a million years, long before homo sapiens emerged in Africa around 300,000 years ago [12]. ...
Water-Human-Computer Interface (WaterHCI), or, more generally, Fluidic-User-Interface (i.e. including other fluids) is a relatively new concept and field of inquiry that originated in Canada, in the 1960s and 1970s, and was further developed at University of Toronto, 1998 to present. We provide a taxonomy of the various kinds of water-human interaction, which we call the “Interface Taxonomy”, as it is based on the crossing of interfaces (boundaries). We identify important past, present,and future contributions and trends in WaterHCI from around the world, and identify grand challenges of this new discipline.
Jelen tanulmányomban egy magántulajdonban lévő kocsimodell töredékét mutatom be. Ez egy, a Halomsíros kultúra kezdetére keltezhető (BB1), de erőteljes Věteřov kerámiaművességi hagyományokat mutató, a központi nyilvántartásban nem szereplő településről származik. Ugyanúgy szórvány, mint az ott felszedett bronz balta és tű. Mindezek a tárgyak tovább színesítik azt a kulturális (Gáta-Wieselburg, Věteřov, Litzen, Halomsíros) keveredést, amelyet az utóbbi két évtizedben egyre inkább rögzített a magyar kutatás is a Dunántúl nyugati részén.
The concept of "cyborg" has been in existence for more than a million years. Vessels were the first cyborg prosthesis, long before the invention of clothing, or even the existence of homo sapiens. Fundamental to the essence of cyborgs is freedom, freedom to explore, and to cross borders of land, ocean, skin, clothes, and body. This thinking leads to a cyborg taxonomy/ontology based primarily on the concept of "border" as defined by skin, clothing, vessel, or fluid boundary ("interface" in both its meanings). A Type I cyborg arises when an organism enters a vessel and a Type II cyborg arises when a vessel enters an organism. The primordial essence of cyborg is fundamentally connected to border/interface, and therefore remains deeply connected to its nautical origins even as it evolved to the more cosmic/cosmonautical (i.e., from sea-ship to spaceship). Consider the idea of "superhumachines" = human-machine "cyborgs" with superhuman intelligence. The concept creates a multitude of promises, pitfalls, benefits, and risks. Consider as a "grand challenge," the idea of negative oppression, negative slavery, negative vulnerability, etc., as explored 20 years ago in a paper entitled "Can Humans Being Clerks make Clerks be Human?". These concepts are perhaps akin to Stallman's concept of negative copyright (which he calls "copyleft"), Taleb's concept of negative fragility (which he calls being "antifragile"), and Niaudet and Ayrton's concept of negative resistance. The capacity for self-determination and mastery over one's own destiny (whether exercised or not) is the single most important tenet of a code of ethics for human augmentation, leading us to extend morphological freedom from the body to also the mind, and to a kind of embodied unconcealedness (alethism) rooted in sousveillant systems, while at the same time preserving a capacity for negation of oppression, a nuanced element that will be the single most important grand challenge.
Work presented at international conference on Cyborgs in Ethics, Law, and Art, Dec. 14-15, on the idea and concept of negative oppression, i.e. can we build technologies that negate oppression, asking the fundamental question "Can humans being machines make machines be human", i.e. can we "tame the monster" of "bigness" with a piece of itself?
