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The optimum composition of cathode catalyst has been studied for rechargeable zinc air battery application. La0.9Ca0.1Co1−xFexO3 perovskite powders were prepared using the citrate method. The substitution ratio of Co2+ with Fe3+ cations was controlled in the range of 0-0.4. The optimum substitution ratio of Fe3+ cations was determined by electroche...
Citations
... Nitrogen-doped CNT/LaNiO 3 is referred to as a core-coron a bifunctional catalyst. Excellent chargeedischarge stability and activity were achieved with a hybrid material of LaNiO 3 (core) and N-doped CNTs (corona) in a rechargeable ZABs [114]. Table 6 summarizes recently explored perovskite-based electrocatalysts for rechargeable ZABs. ...
The engineering of efficient oxygen electrocatalysts are crucially desired for electrically rechargeable zinc eair batteries (ZABs) to drive oxygen electrochemical reactions. ZABs have attracted great studies attentions because of their excessive energy density, high abundance of zinc, value-effectiveness, and high safety, in addition to low-level of pollutants. However, technical challenges associated with sluggish rates of oxygen reactions have not begun to be resolved. In this review, ZAB configuration and basic aspects of oxygen electrochemistry of the air electrode are in short delivered first. Then, the latest improvement in engineering of oxygen electrocatalysts for ZABs is specific mentioned following four aspects: precious metals/alloys, transition metal, transition-metal oxides (perovskites, single/mixed-metal oxides, and spinels), and carbon-based materials. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of engineering of bifunctional catalysts for ZABs with high catalytic activity and durability are recommended.
... Increasing grain size also occurs in Zn-Nb substituted BHF synthesized via sol-gel reduction peaks were not observed. This is in line with cyclic voltammograms of La 0.9 Ca 0.1 Co 1−x FexO 3 cathod [22] and Cu x Co 3 -xO 4 for oxygen evolution reaction [23]. Electrochemical measurement showed changes in Tafel slope (b), exchange current density (J 0 ), overpotential (h), and charge transfer coefficient (a) after the SPCE was modified using the BHF and the Ni-doped BHF. ...
Transition metal oxide (TMO) continues to be studied and developed as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst due to its abundance and low price. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate Ni ²⁺ -doped BaFe 12 O 19 (BHF) as an OER electrocatalyst in an alkaline medium. BHF and Ni-doped BHF was synthesized through a low temperature coprecipitation technique followed by a calcination process at 750 o C for 4 h. Diffractograms of the BHF and the Ni-doped BHF indicated a single phase on the synthesized BHF and formed Fe 2 O 3 impurities on the Ni-doped BHF. SEM images showed a homogenous plate-shaped particles in the BHF, while the Ni-doped BHF had larger inhomogeneous particles. Ni dopant increased OER electrocatalytic activity of BHF based on overpotential on specific current density. The Ni-doped BHF had comparable activity to some metallic oxides based on their overpotential values at specific current density value.
... O, and citric acid (Yakuri, Inc.) were used to synthesize PCCF powder. When the gel precursor was obtained from the mixture containing starting materials, it was heated at 120 °C until it burned up, followed by calcination for 2 h at 700 °C [24]. Carbon black (CB, Vulcan XC-72R, Cabot Co.), graphite1 (Gr1, NAG, BTR Co., Ltd.), graphite2 (Gr2, CMB, BTR Co., Ltd.), and graphite3 (Gr3, 6-G, Osaka Gas Chemicals Co.) were used as carbon supports. ...
The carbon-based air electrode for zinc–air batteries has its advantages, such as high electrical conductivity and porosity; however, its stability is poor, affecting the cycle life of batteries. Degradation of the electrode can be caused by carbon corrosion during charging at high voltage. In this study, air electrodes were prepared with several types of carbon materials. The electrochemical performances of the electrodes were measured to investigate the effects of the corrosion properties of several carbons with different physical properties. The initial electrochemical performance of the carbon black-electrode was the best due to its high specific surface area. In contrast, the long-term cyclabilities of graphite1- and graphite2-electrodes were superior. Both electrodes exhibited high crystallinity and high uniformity in terms of the particle size and shape. Considering durability, the graphite1-electrode was deemed the most suitable as an air electrode for zinc–air batteries.
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... 68,75,76 Alternatively, Mn-, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-based perovskite oxides (AB x B 0 1Àx O 3 ) have also received tremendous attention for ORR and OER electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolytes. 66,77 According to the theoretical results based on molecular orbital theory, transition metal-based perovskites are very competitive electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries. 77,78 This promising characteristic is largely dependent on the redox behaviour of strong hybridization between the transition metal 3d and the oxygen 2p orbits. ...
As a promising technology, electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries have gained tremendous attention in the past few years. Here in this review, we focus on the main challenges of the electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries in alkaline electrolyte and the up-to-date progress from materials to technologyies towards overcoming these technical barriers. We firstly overview the design and working mechanism of the battery and classify the hindrances into dendritic growth at anode, lack of higher performance bifunctional catalyst at air electrode and electrolyte related problems. Then, detailed discussions are provided on the latest progress to address these technical issues based on the nano/micro-materials. Flexible zinc-air batteries as a newly development are also stated in a separate section. Finally, conclusions are given followed by future perspective.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation - Kathoden für Metall-Luft Batterien - steht die Komponente Gasdiffusionselektrode (GDE) – oftmals auch als Luft-Kathode bezeichnet – einer wässrigen Metall-Luft Batterie im Fokus. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Synthese und Charakterisierung verschiedener Katalysatorsysteme für die Sauerstoffreduktion und -evolution. Dabei soll auf die Verwendung von Edelmetallen verzichtet und der Einsatz von verfügbaren und günstigen Materialien bzw. Herstellungsprozessen favorisiert werden. Auf Basis von bekannten Materialklassen sollen repräsentative Katalysatoren synthetisiert und ihre katalytischen Aktivitäten für die Sauerstoffreduktion und -evolution bestimmt werden. Im Detail wird eine mögliche Korrelation der strukturellen Eigenschaften der Katalysatoren auf die katalytische Aktivität untersucht. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse sollen die Katalysatoren modifiziert werden, um die katalytischen Eigenschaften weiter zu optimieren. Um einen geschlossenen Entwicklungszyklus in dieser Arbeit realisieren zu können, wird parallel ein kostengünstiger und skalierbarer Herstellungsprozess von GDEs entwickelt. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Konzepte für sekundäre Zink-Luft Energiespeicher zu erarbeiten und deren Umsetzung zu untersuchen. Dabei kommen die zuvor entwickelten Katalysatoren zum Einsatz. Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich, nach der Darlegung der relevanten Grundlagen mit Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik, in vier Teilkapitel, in denen die einzelnen Ziele adressiert sind. Dies sind die Erforschung reiner Katalysatoren und hybrider Katalysatoren sowie die Etablierung eines Herstellungsprozesses für GDEs und die Implementierung dieser in sekundäre Zink-Luft Energiespeicher. Die experimentellen Grundlagen befinden sich im darauffolgenden Kapitel.
Aprotic lithium air batteries (LABs) with remarkably high energy density are facing some challenges including insufficient cycle stability, high-cost for application and fuzzy understanding about the mechanism. Seeking high performance and low cost catalysts is one of the effective solutions to resolve these problems. In this paper, perovskite oxide La₀.₆Sr₀.₄CoO₃ (LSC) together with Fe and Mn doped materials La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Co₀.₂Fe₀.₈O₃ (LSCF) and La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Co₀.₂Mn₀.₈O₃ (LSCM) are prepared and applied as catalysts for LABs, which are studied mostly in pure oxygen atmosphere and rarely in ambiant air before. The results present that these catalysts are effective for LABs and LSCF can improve the capacity and cycle number to 6027 mAhg-1 and 156 at current density of 400 mAg-1 in ambient air. The reasons for performance degradation of LABs tested in ambient air are ducussed by EIS spectra and products analysis, which also clarify the improvement reason of LSCF catalyst.
