Fig 1 - uploaded by Renata Ochocka
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Mangiferin (2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone) is a polyphenol with strong antioxidant properties. Mangiferin is obtained from the mango tree (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae). It has been proven that mangiferin exhibits many pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the penetration of mangiferin into the...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... obtained from plants are used as a source of protective agents against oxidative stress [7]. A candidate to be used in such activity is mangiferin, the C-glucosyl- xanthone widely distributed in plants of tropical and subtropical regions (Fig 1). Mangiferin is obtained from the mango tree (Mangifera indica, L. Anacardiaceae), although a significant amount of mangiferin can also be observed in the honeybush (Cyclopia sp, Fabaceae) and Ane- marrhena asphodeloides (Liliaceae) [8][9][10][11]. ...
Context 2
... 7.56 μM. Mangiferin concentrations above 500 μM inactivated collagenase almost completely (Fig 10). The IC50 of oleanolic acid was 51.75 ± 5.25 μM. ...
Context 3
... order to confirm the reversibility interaction between mangiferin and collagenase, plots of the enzyme activity in relation to collagenase concentration in different mangiferin concen- trations were drawn (Fig 11). The analyses have shown straight lines passing through the ori- gin. ...
Citations
... Substances with log p values between 1 and 3 and molecular weights <500 Da (1 Da = 1 g/mol) are more likely to penetrate the skin barrier [17]. Mangiferin has a log p value of 2.73 and a molecular weight of 422.33 g/mol, suggesting that it possesses the potential to penetrate the stratum corneum [18]. Developing an aqueous formulation containing the 0.5% w/v ratio of mangiferin isolated from Mangiferin indica L. variety Nam Dok Mai leaves, using a co-solvent system, could increase the solubility of mangiferin. ...
... The skin permeability of the formulation including PM and MNPs was measured using a Franz diffusion cell. This study was carried out in accordance with the study by Ochocka et al. [18], with minor revisions, and that by Chomchoei et al. [23]. First, fat was extracted from dorsal pig skin and deposited in the receiving chamber. ...
... The ex vivo permeation results of the formulation containing PM and MNPs were applied to newborn dorsal pig skin, which has been shown to have identical structure and biochemical properties to human skin [57]. Mangiferin has a branching glycoside structure, allowing it to permeate and pass through human skin (ex vivo investigation) [18]. Mangiferin was not restrained by the stratum corneum barrier. ...
UV irradiation causes skin damage and aging. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a gel formulation loaded with electrospray mangiferin nanoparticles (MNPs) as a double-action product with photoprotective and anti-aging properties. The MNPs were prepared using the electrospraying technique and loaded in a gel formulation. The MNP formulation was evaluated regarding its physical appearance, viscosity, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), and in vitro anti-oxidant activity and compared with a formulation containing purified mangiferin (PM) at the same concentration of 0.2% (w/v). Moreover, both formulations were analyzed for their in vitro release and ex vivo skin permeation. The MNP formulation had a considerably higher SPF value than the PM formulation at the same concentration (20.43 ± 0.13 and 12.19 ± 0.27, respectively). The in vitro anti-oxidant activities of the formulations with MNPs and PM were 74.47 ± 2.19% and 80.52 ± 1.05%, respectively. The MNP formulation showed potent photoprotective and anti-oxidation activities with acceptable stability in all parameters under accelerated conditions (4 ± 2 °C 48 h/45 ± 2 °C 48 h for 6 cycles) and after 30 days of storage under various conditions. The release profile data of the MNPs showed a controlled release pattern at 76.97 ± 0.06% at 480 min. Furthermore, after using a Franz diffusion cell for 8 h, the MNP formulation showed the release of 37.01 ± 2.61% and 22.39 ± 1.59% of mangiferin content in the skin layer as stratum corneum and viable epidermis, respectively. Therefore, the overall results demonstrate that electrospray MNPs in a gel formulation are suitable for skin and constitute a promising delivery system for mangiferin in developing cosmetics and cosmeceutical products with good potential.
... Furthermore, Marcillo-Parra et al. [74] found that the mangiferin content in mango peel extracts also varied widely depending on the mango variety, ranging from 57.2 to 3140 µg/g DW. Mangiferin is only slightly soluble in EtOH and H2O [75] but has a very low solubility in SC CO2 [76], which is consistent with our results, as the lowest mangiferin concentration was obtained with SFE (0.15 µg/g DW). Table 1. ...
Plant waste materials are important sources of bioactive compounds with remarkable health-promoting benefits. In particular, industrial by-products such as mango peels are sustainable sources of bioactive substances, with antioxidant, enzymatic, and antimicrobial activity. Appropriate processing is essential to obtain highly bioactive compounds for further use in generating value-added products for the food industry. The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the biological activity of compounds from fresh and dried mango peels obtained by different conventional methods and unconventional extraction methods using supercritical fluids (SFE). The highest total phenolic content (25.0 mg GAE/g DW) and the total content of eight phenolic compounds (829.92 µg/g DW) determined by LC-MS/MS were detected in dried mango peel extract obtained by the Soxhlet process (SE). SFE gave the highest content of proanthocyanidins (0.4 mg PAC/g DW). The ethanolic ultrasonic process (UAE) provided the highest antioxidant activity of the product (82.4%) using DPPH radical scavenging activity and total protein content (2.95 mg protein/g DW). Overall, the dried mango peels were richer in bioactive compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, and hesperidin/neohesperidin), indicating successful preservation during air drying. Furthermore, outstanding polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipase activities were detected in mango peel extracts. This is the first study in which remarkable antibacterial activities against the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated by determining the microbial growth inhibition rate after 12 and 24 h incubation periods for mango peel extracts obtained by different methods. Ethanolic SE and UAE extracts from dried mango peels resulted in the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) for all bacterial species tested. Mango peels are remarkable waste products that could contribute to the sustainable development of exceptional products with high-added value for various applications, especially as dietary supplements.
... The elastase analysis was performed according to the spectrophotometric method [69,70] with oleanolic acid as a reference. The reaction mixture (Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 1.0 µg/mL porcine pancreatic elastase, and different concentrations of chalcone derivatives was preincubated at room temperature for 15 min. ...
Chalcones and their derivatives, both natural and synthetic, exhibit diverse biological activities. In this study, we focused on designing and synthesizing (E)-2,4-dichloro-N-(4-cinnamoylphenyl)-5-methylbenzenesulfonamides 4–8 with the following two pharmacophore groups: 2,4-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide and chalcone. The obtained compounds displayed notable anticancer effects on various human cancer cells, such as cervical HeLa, acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, and gastric adenocarcinoma AGS, when assessed with the MTT test. The activity of all compounds against cancer cells was significant, and the obtained IC50 values were in the range of 0.89–9.63 µg/mL. Among all the tested compounds, derivative 5 showed the highest activity on the AGS cell line. Therefore, it was tested for cell cycle inhibition, induction of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and activation of caspase-8 and -9. These results showed that this compound strongly arrested the cell cycle in the subG0 phase, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and activated caspase-8 and -9. Similar to the anticancer effects, all the obtained compounds 4–8 were also assessed for their antioxidant activity. The highest antiradical effect was demonstrated for derivative 5, which was able to inhibit DPPH and ABTS radicals. All examined compounds showed dose-dependent activity against neutrophil elastase. Notably, derivatives 7 and 8 demonstrated inhibitory properties similar to oleanolic acid, with IC50 values of 25.61 ± 0.58 and 25.73 ± 0.39 µg/mL, respectively. To determine the antibacterial activity of derivatives 4–8, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MIC) values were estimated (>500 µg/mL for all the tested bacterial strains). The findings demonstrate the substantial potential of sulfonamide-based chalcone 5 as a promising drug in anticancer therapy.
... To conrm the reversibility interaction between mangiferin and collagenase in a dose-dependent manner. 44 Therefore, mangiferin had the potential for collagenase inhibition that could reduce the major characteristics of wrinkle formation. ...
... Elastin is a composed principally of broblasts in an extracellular matrix of dermis layer for its elasticity and strength. 44 It degrades by elastase enzyme. Fig. 11C illustrates that RM and MNPs showed excellent the IC 50 value of elastase inhibitory activity at 31.36 ± 3.31 mg mL −1 and 33.36 ± 8.33 mg mL −1 , respectively. ...
... The breakdown of the ECM contributes to the formation of wrinkles. 44 It has been shown that the ECM breaks down in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 52,53 ROS produced in dermal broblasts and epidermal keratinocytes produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which break down collagen, leading to skin aging. ...
The fabrication of mangiferin nanoparticles using an electrospraying technique is a new and promising method for developing nanoparticles with higher efficiency and safety. This study aimed to fabricate mangiferin nanoparticles (MNPs) using cellulose acetate (CA) as a polymer at various parameters using electrospraying. Commercial mangiferin (CM) was purified from 88.46 to 95.71% by a recrystallization method to improve its purity and biological activities and remove any residue. The properties of recrystallized mangiferin (RM) were characterized using DSC, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HPLC. Then its biological activity and proteomics were determined. Proteomics analysis of RM showed that up-regulated proteins were involved in more biological processes than CM. MNPs were fabricated by varying the electrospraying parameters including voltage, the distance between the needle-tip–collector and flow rate. Skin permeation, release and irritation were also evaluated. The results revealed that the average particle size of the MNPs ranged between 295.47 ± 5.58 and 448.87 ± 3.00 nm, and had a smooth spherical morphology in SEM images. The MNPs also showed good potential in antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The encapsulation efficiency of MNPs was determined to be 85.31%. From skin permeation studies of CM, RM, and MNPs, the mangiferin content was found in the stratum corneum and dermis skin layers. Moreover, the MNPs solution had 23.68 ± 0.27% and 11.98 ± 0.13% of mangiferin in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis and dermis, respectively. Additionally, the irritation test by HET-CAM was mild and safe. Therefore, MNPs produced by electrospraying are a promising delivery system for cosmetic/cosmeceutical applications.
... Additionally, the MRE exhibited excellent collagenase inhibition activity. The result from the study of Ochocka et al. (2017) revealed that standard mangiferin could inhibit collagenase in a dose-dependent manner [25], which was comparable and consistent to our study. indicated a strong inhibition on hyaluronidase of the mangiferin extracts from honeybush [26]. ...
... Additionally, the MRE exhibited excellent collagenase inhibition activity. The result from the study of Ochocka et al. (2017) revealed that standard mangiferin could inhibit collagenase in a dose-dependent manner [25], which was comparable and consistent to our study. indicated a strong inhibition on hyaluronidase of the mangiferin extracts from honeybush [26]. ...
... One study examined that mangiferin reversibly inhibited elastase and collagenase in a noncompetitive manner. Mangiferin interacts with the free form of enzymes at a location other than the active site, and the enzyme-substrate complex [25]. The catalytic-activity regulation of the MRE is related to the antiaging activity. ...
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important fruits in Thailand. Mango has been used as a traditional medicine because it possesses many biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, microorganism-growth inhibition, etc. Among its natural pharmacologically active compounds, mangiferin is the main active component found in mango leaves. Mangiferin has the potential to treat a variety of diseases due to its multifunctional activities. This study aims to prepare a mangiferin-rich extract (MRE) from mango leaves and develop nanoparticles containing the MRE using an electrospraying technique to apply it in a cosmeceutical formulation. The potential cosmeceutical mechanisms of the MRE were investigated using proteomic analysis. The MRE is involved in actin-filament organization, the positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization, etc. Moreover, the related mechanism to its cosmeceutical activity is metalloenzyme-activity regulation. Nanoparticles were prepared from 0.8% w/v MRE and 2% w/v Eudragit® L100 solution using an electrospraying process. The mean size of the MRE-loaded nanoparticles (MNPs) received was 247.8 nm, with a PDI 0.271. The MRE entrapment by the process was quantified as 84.9%, indicating a high encapsulation efficiency. For the skin-retention study, the mangiferin content in the MNP-containing emulsion-gel membranes was examined and found to be greater than in the membranes of the MRE solution, illustrating that the MNPs produced by the electrospraying technique help transdermal delivery for cosmetic applications.
... MGF also possesses the potential for the management of skin conditions. It was found that this bioactive compound can penetrate the epidermis and dermis in a considerable amount and reversibly inhibit the action of elastase and collagenase (Ochocka et al. 2017). Studies in vitro have shown the potential capacity of MGF-loaded glycethosomes in managing psoriasis and other skin diseases. ...
This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the pharmacological properties of mangiferin, focusing primarily on its bioavailability and mechanisms of action, and its potential therapeutic applications, especially in the context of chronic diseases. We conducted a comprehensive examination of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials involving mangiferin or plant extracts containing mangiferin. The primary source of mangiferin is Mangifera indica, but it’s also found in other plant species from the families Anacardiaceae, Gentianaceae, and Iridaceae. Mangiferin has exhibited a myriad of therapeutic properties, presenting itself as a promising candidate for treating various chronic conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, renal and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Despite the promising results showcased in many in vitro studies and certain animal studies, the application of mangiferin has been limited due to its poor solubility, absorption, and overall bioavailability. Mangiferin offers significant therapeutic potential in treating a spectrum of chronic diseases, as evidenced by both in vitro and clinical trials. However, the challenges concerning its bioavailability necessitate further research, particularly in optimizing its delivery and absorption, to harness its full medicinal potential. This review serves as a comprehensive update on the health-promoting and therapeutic activities of mangiferin.
... It is important to note that research is ongoing in using deep learning to overcome MGF's limitations in clinical translation. Even if these methods appear promising, more research and validation are required to guarantee their dependability and usefulness in practical situations [107]. ...
Simple Summary
The current review describes mangiferin (MGF), a secondary plant metabolite of a xanthone derivative obtained from mango plants and known for its therapeutic activities. It is potent against various cancers, including breast, liver, prostate and glioblastoma, by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and preventing NFκB activation. However, MGF faces challenges such as poor lipophilicity, high first-pass metabolism and extensive P-gp efflux. Nano-drug delivery and deep learning-based approaches are being explored to overcome these challenges. Clinical trials and patents are ongoing, and MGF is expected to become a promising therapeutic biological molecule for cancer treatment.
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF), a xanthone derived from Mangifera indica L., initially employed as a nutraceutical, is now being explored extensively for its anticancer potential. Scientists across the globe have explored this bioactive for managing a variety of cancers using validated in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro anticancer potential of this biomolecule on well-established breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-23, BEAS-2B cells and MCF-7 is closer to many approved synthetic anticancer agents. However, the solubility and bioavailability of this xanthone are the main challenges, and its oral bioavailability is reported to be less than 2%, and its aqueous solubility is also 0.111 mg/mL. Nano-drug delivery systems have attempted to deliver the drugs at the desired site at a desired rate in desired amounts. Many researchers have explored various nanotechnology-based approaches to provide effective and safe delivery of mangiferin for cancer therapy. Nanoparticles were used as carriers to encapsulate mangiferin, protecting it from degradation and facilitating its delivery to cancer cells. They have attempted to enhance the bioavailability, safety and efficacy of this very bioactive using drug delivery approaches. The present review focuses on the origin and structure elucidation of mangiferin and its derivatives and the benefits of this bioactive. The review also offers insight into the delivery-related challenges of mangiferin and its applications in nanosized forms against cancer. The use of a relatively new deep-learning approach to solve the pharmacokinetic issues of this bioactive has also been discussed. The review also critically analyzes the future hope for mangiferin as a therapeutic agent for cancer management.
... Polyphenolic contents in honeybush extracts differ depending on the season, the plant material used (fermented or nonfermented) as well as the kind of extraction solution employed [20]. Despite the high polyphenolic contents in extracts, low intestinal absorption is a limiting factor for oral nutraceutical administration; therefore, other routes of administration should be considered [21][22][23]. In our previous study, we demonstrated that mangiferin and hesperidin are capable of passing through the human stratum corneum and permeating the epidermis and dermis, both from solutions and honeybush extracts. ...
... In addition, hesperidin indicates a lack of ability to interact with skin macromolecules, but, being unbound, may be capable of protecting cells against UV radiation and oxidative stress [24,25]. Mangiferin, in contrast to hesperidin, from honeybush extracts has shown a greater ability to penetrate the skin [21,24] and exhibited an ability to interact with skin extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, incompetently inhibiting elastase and collagenase activity [21]. ECM compounds, such as collagen and elastin, are the structural and elasticity fibres of many organs and tissues [26,27], and they are also presented in abundant amounts among skin layers, where, with hyaluronic acid, they determine the skin functions [28][29][30]. ...
... In addition, hesperidin indicates a lack of ability to interact with skin macromolecules, but, being unbound, may be capable of protecting cells against UV radiation and oxidative stress [24,25]. Mangiferin, in contrast to hesperidin, from honeybush extracts has shown a greater ability to penetrate the skin [21,24] and exhibited an ability to interact with skin extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, incompetently inhibiting elastase and collagenase activity [21]. ECM compounds, such as collagen and elastin, are the structural and elasticity fibres of many organs and tissues [26,27], and they are also presented in abundant amounts among skin layers, where, with hyaluronic acid, they determine the skin functions [28][29][30]. ...
Cyclopia sp. (honeybush) is an African shrub known as a rich source of polyphenols. The biological effects of fermented honeybush extracts were investigated. The influence of honeybush extracts on extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes responsible for the skin malfunction and aging process—collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase—was analysed. The research also included assessment of the in vitro photoprotection efficiency of honeybush extracts and their contribution to the wound healing process. Antioxidant properties of the prepared extracts were evaluated, and quantification of the main compounds in the extracts was achieved. The research showed that the analysed extracts had a significant ability to inhibit collagenase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase and a weak influence on elastase activity. Tyrosinase was inhibited effectively by honeybush acetone (IC50 26.18 ± 1.45 µg/mL), ethanol (IC50 45.99 ± 0.76 µg/mL) and water (IC50 67.42 ± 1.75 µg/mL) extracts. Significant hyaluronidase inhibition was observed for ethanol, acetone and water extracts (IC50 were 10.99 ± 1.56, 13.21 ± 0.39 and 14.62 ± 0.21µg/mL, respectively). Collagenase activity was inhibited effectively by honeybush acetone extract (IC50 42.5 ± 1.05 μg/mL). The wound healing properties of the honeybush extracts, estimated in vitro in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs), were indicated for water and ethanol extracts. In vitro sun protection factor (SPF in vitro) showed medium photoprotection potential for all the honeybush extracts. The quantity of polyphenolic compounds was estimated with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), indicating the highest mangiferin contents in ethanol, acetone and n-butanol extracts, while in the water extract hesperidin was the dominant compound. The antioxidant properties of the honeybush extracts were estimated with FRAP (2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests, indicating their strong antioxidant activity, similar to ascorbic acid for the acetone extract in both tests. The wound healing abilities, estimation of SPF in vitro and the direct influence on selected enzymes (elastase, tyrosinase, collagenase and hyaluronidase) of the tested honeybush extracts were analysed for the first time, indicating a high potential of these well-known herbal tea for antiaging, anti-inflammation, regeneration and protection of the skin.
... As a remarkably reactive compound, the isolation of mangiferin and its bioactivity have been studied by several research institutions [10][11][12]. Because of its specific structure, mangiferin is a strong antioxidant and functions as a protective agent, thus it is capable of protecting organs and skin from the harmful effects of oxidative stress and UV radiation [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mangiferin modulates the activity of enzymes and/or the expression of genes that play a critical role in autoimmune diseases, activation of apoptosis, viral replication, and [10][11][12]. ...
... In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mangiferin modulates the activity of enzymes and/or the expression of genes that play a critical role in autoimmune diseases, activation of apoptosis, viral replication, and [10][11][12]. Because of its specific structure, mangiferin is a strong antioxidant and functions as a protective agent, thus it is capable of protecting organs and skin from the harmful effects of oxidative stress and UV radiation [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mangiferin modulates the activity of enzymes and/or the expression of genes that play a critical role in autoimmune diseases, activation of apoptosis, viral replication, and tumorgenesis [10,11,13,[17][18][19][20][21]. ...
... Because of its specific structure, mangiferin is a strong antioxidant and functions as a protective agent, thus it is capable of protecting organs and skin from the harmful effects of oxidative stress and UV radiation [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mangiferin modulates the activity of enzymes and/or the expression of genes that play a critical role in autoimmune diseases, activation of apoptosis, viral replication, and tumorgenesis [10,11,13,[17][18][19][20][21]. Mangiferin inhibits the inflammation process as well as bacterial and fungal growth, which are responsible for cell destruction and activation of tyrosinase [19,[22][23][24]. ...
Citation: Hering, A.; Stefanowicz-Hajduk, J.; Dziomba, S.; Halasa, R.; Krzemieniecki, R.; Sappati, S.; Baginski, M.; Ochocka, J.R. Mangiferin Affects Melanin Synthesis by an Influence on Tyrosinase: Inhibition, Mechanism of Action and Molecular Docking Studies. Abstract: Mangiferin is a strong antioxidant that presents a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the influence of mangiferin on tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for melanin synthesis and the unwanted browning process of food. The research included both the kinetics and molecular interactions between tyrosinase and mangiferin. The research proved that mangiferin inhibits tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC 50 290 +/− 6.04 µM, which was found comparable with the standard kojic acid (IC 50 217.45 +/− 2.54 µM). The mechanism of inhibition was described as mixed inhibition. The interaction between tyrosinase enzyme and mangiferin was confirmed with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The analysis indicated the formation of two main, and four less significant complexes. These results have also been supported by the molecular docking studies. It was indicated that mangiferin binds to tyrosinase, similarly to L-DOPA molecule, both in the active center and peripheral site. As it was presented in molecular docking studies, mangiferin and L-DOPA molecules can interact in a similar way with surrounding amino acid residues of tyrosinase. Additionally, hydroxyl groups of mangiferin may interact with amino acids on the tyrosinase external surface causing non-specific interaction.
... For example, the phenolic compounds present in grape pomace extract demonstrated a dosedependent inhibitory action against collagenase and elastase enzymes [107]. In another study, the mangiferin in the fruit of the mango tree, Mangifera indica, demonstrated an ability to inhibit collagenase and elastase through in vitro tests [16]. ...
