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A morphological analysis of the male genitalia of 24 species of the subfamily Agathidinae from 10 genera is presented. Detailed descriptions of important morphological features of all the species are given. Their value in the identification of the species was assessed. It was found that the morphology of male genitalia could be used for identificat...
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... genitalia of Disophrys caesia (Fig. 24) are strongly sclerotized. The basal ring in most Agathidinae is in the form of a transverse stripe. Its paramerae are conical and massive. Sensillae occur at ends of the interior sides. The volsellae are narrow, elongated, without a cuspis. The digiti are narrow, bent, with three teeth apically. The valvae of the aedeagus are massive, ...
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Citations
... 20th century became the key element in species diagnoses (majority of Paul Dessart's publications since 1963; Teodorescu 1967; Takada 1973). Male genitalia characters are certainly informative for higher level classification of basal Hymenoptera (Schulmeister 2003b) and have been successfully applied in generic level phylogenetic studies within Apocrita (Rozen 1951; Andena et al. 2007; Owen et al. 2007; Brajković et al. 2010; Žikić et al. 2011). While ceraphronoid male genitalia serve as an important source of species diagnostic characters their phylogenetic signal has never been tested. ...
The skeletomuscular system of male terminalia in Evaniomorpha (Hymenoptera) is described and the functional morphology of male genitalia is discussed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is the primary method used for illustrating anatomical phenotypes, and a domain-specific anatomy ontology is employed to more explicitly describe anatomical structures. A comprehensive data set of ceraphronoid male genitalia is analyzed, yielding the first phylogeny of the superfamily. One hundred and one taxa, including three outgroups, are scored for 48 characters. Ceraphronoidea are recovered as sister to the remaining Evaniomorpha in the implied weighting analyses. Numerous character states suggest that Ceraphronoidea is a relatively basal apocritan lineage. Ceraphronoidea, Ceraphronidae, and Megaspilinae are each retrieved as monophyletic in all analyses. Megaspilidae is not recovered as monophyletic. Lagynodinae is monophyletic in the implied weighting analyses with strong support and is a polytomy in the equal weighting analysis. Lagynodinae shares numerous plesiomorphies with both Megaspilinae and Ceraphronidae. Relationships among genera are weakly corroborated. Masner is sister of Ceraphronidae. Trassedia is nested within Ceraphronidae based on the present analysis. Because of this and numerous features shared between it and Ceraphron we transfer Trassedia from Megaspilidae to Ceraphronidae. Dendrocerus forms a single monophyletic clade, with modest support, together with some Conostigmus species. This result challenges the utility of such traditional diagnostic characters as ocellar arrangement and shape of the male flagellomeres. Aphanogmus is monophyletic in the implied weighting, but remains a polytomy with Ceraphron in the equal weighting analysis. Gnathoceraphron is always nested within a well-supported Aphanogmus clade. Cyoceraphron and Elysoceraphron are nested within Ceraphron and Aphanogmus, respectively. The male genitalia prove to be a substantial source of phylogenetically relevant information. Our results indicate that a reclassification of Ceraphronoidea both at the family and generic level is necessary but that more data are required.
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Se redescribe a S. atratus Shenefelt y a S. peruensis Shenefelt, citadas para Perú, con aporte de nuevos caracteres e ilustraciones, además de datos sobre variación intraespecifica, para su mejor identificación. Se describe por primera vez la genitalia del macho de todas las especies sudamericanas. Se presentan mapas de distribución de las cuatro especies sudamericanas descriptas por Shenefelt, 1968 (S. atratus, S. peruensis, S. bicolor y S. tricolor). Se registran nuevas localidades para Perú de estas dos primeras especies y de S. bicolor para Argentina.
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