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In this study, a structural health monitoring system for cable-stayed bridges is developed. In the system, condition assessment of the structure is performed based on measured records from seismic accelerometers. Response indices are defined to monitor structural safety and serviceability and derived from the measured acceleration data. The derivat...
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... system is composed of four parts each of which corresponds to the major process of the structural health evaluation (Figure 1). The first part is the format conversion process where the compressed format of the acquired acceleration data is converted to text format for numerical calculations ( Figure 2). ...
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... natural frequency was obtained by identifying the location of the peak amplitude of the transfer function, which is the ratio of the Fourier amplitudes [37] of the top to the bottom. The results of the Fourier transformation performed on the measured data from the example earthquake are given in Figure 10. Details on the calculation of the transfer function are given elsewhere [38]. ...
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Dynamic response monitoring of bridge structures has received considerable attention. It is important to synchronously measure both quasi-static and dynamic displacements of bridge structures. However, traditional accelerometer method cannot capture quasi-static displacement component although it can detect dynamic displacement component. To this e...
Citations
... The state of the art in structural health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges, encompassing both environmental, traffic and seismic aspects up until 2018, is documented in references [17][18][19]. After 2018, recent contributions to this field, focusing on the structural behaviors of cable-stayed bridges under the influence of environmental, traffic-induced, and impact vibrations, have been done by Chen et al. [20], Su et al. [21], Alamdari et al. [22], Clemente et al. [23], Le and Nishio [24], Ge and Chen [25], Tomé et al. [26], Jeong et al. [27], Gao et al. [28], and Bayraktar et al. [8,29,30]. ...
The devastating earthquake sequence struck Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, in February 2023, resulting in significant casualties and structural damage to buildings and engineering structures. There is limited research on the real earthquake performance of cable-stayed bridges exposed to severe earthquakes in the literature. This study aims to investigate the monitored seismic performance of cable-stayed bridges in the region during the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (M7.7 and M7.6). Firstly, an overview of the ground motion characteristics of the destructive earthquakes and the damage in the affected region is presented. Subsequently, the monitored seismic performances of the Nissibi, Ağın, and Kömürhan cable- stayed bridges are separately evaluated, considering on-site observations and the strong ground motion data recorded at the accelerometer stations closest to the bridges. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the real monitored structural responses of the Kömürhan cable-stayed bridge during the M7.6 earthquake is conducted. This analysis is based on data collected by the bridge’s fixed monitoring system, including accelerations, strains, and cable strand forces. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics of the Kömürhan Bridge are extracted and evaluated by signal processing of the monitoring data, comparing these characteristics with the bridge design specifications. The results of this investigation offer valuable insights into the actual seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges situated in the proximity of fault lines during strong earthquakes.
... The state of the art in structural health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges, encompassing both environmental, traffic and seismic aspects up until 2018, is documented in references [17][18][19]. After 2018, recent contributions to this field, focusing on the structural behaviors of cable-stayed bridges under the influence of environmental, traffic-induced, and impact vibrations, have been done by Chen et al. [20], Su et al. [21], Alamdari et al. [22], Clemente et al. [23], Le and Nishio [24], Ge and Chen [25], Tomé et al. [26], Jeong et al. [27], Gao et al. [28], and Bayraktar et al. [8,29,30]. ...
The devastating earthquake sequence struck Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, in February 2023, resulting in significant casualties and structural damage to buildings and engineering structures. There is limited research on the real earthquake performance of cable-stayed bridges exposed to severe earthquakes in the literature. This study aims to investigate the monitored seismic performance of cable-stayed bridges in the region during the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (M7.7 and M7.6). Firstly, an overview of the ground motion characteristics of the destructive earthquakes and the damage in the affected region is presented. Subsequently, the monitored seismic performances of the Nissibi, Ağın, and Kömürhan cable-stayed bridges are separately evaluated, considering on-site observations and the strong ground motion data recorded at the accelerometer stations closest to the bridges. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the real monitored structural responses of the Kömürhan cable-stayed bridge during the M7.6 earthquake is conducted. This analysis is based on data collected by the bridge’s fixed monitoring system, including accelerations, strains, and cable strand forces. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics of the Kömürhan Bridge are extracted and evaluated by signal processing of the monitoring data, comparing these characteristics with the bridge design specifications. The results of this investigation offer valuable insights into the actual seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges situated in the proximity of fault lines during strong earthquakes.
... Several parameters need to be detected for bridge health, including strain, acceleration, displacement, temperature, and inclination [5]. For what concerns the displacement, contact sensors such as linear voltage differential transformers [6], ultrasonic sensors [7,8], ultrawideband (UWB) sensors [9], and accelerometers [10][11][12] provide high accuracy and are light and easy to maintain. However, their main limitation comes out when areas with difficult access have to be monitored. ...
... 3.26 f 8 3.8 f 9 6.42 f 10 6.86 f 11 10.27 ...
Interferometric radars are widely used for monitoring civil structures. Bridges are critical structures that need to be constantly monitored for the safety of the users. In this work, a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar was used for monitoring an arched bridge in Catanzaro, Italy. Two measurements were carried out; a first standard measurement was made in a monostatic configuration, while a subsequent measurement was carried out in a multimonostatic configuration in order to retrieve the components of the deck displacement. A method that is able to predict the measurement uncertainty as a function of the multimonostatic geometry is provided, thereby aiming to facilitate the operators in the choice of the proper experimental setup. The multimonostatic measurement revealed a displacement along the horizontal direction that was four times higher than the one along the vertical direction, while the values reported in the literature correspond to a ratio of at most around 0.2. This is the first time that such a large ratio detected by radar has been reported; at any rate, it is compatible with the arched structure of this specific bridge. This case study highlights the importance of techniques that are able to retrieve at least two components of the displacement.
... In this regard, there is high-frequency noise called microearthquakes (micro tremors) from 0.5 Hz onwards. There are also low-frequency noises called microearthquakes (microseisms), which are less than 0.1 Hz [65]. Similarly, when integrated twice, the same white noise becomes a phenomenon called "random walk", which is characteristic of increasing its amplitude over time [66]. ...
... Baseline or zero correction is vital to eliminating linear trends and low frequency within the accelerometer signal [65]. If the signal is not filtered, it may present characteristics such as those in Figure 2. ...
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital to ensuring the integrity of people and structures during earthquakes, especially considering the catastrophic consequences that could be registered in countries within the Pacific ring of fire, such as Ecuador. This work reviews the technologies, architectures, data processing techniques, damage identification techniques, and challenges in state-of-the-art results with SHM system applications. These studies use several data processing techniques such as the wavelet transform, the fast Fourier transform, the Kalman filter, and different technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning. The results of this review highlight the effectiveness of systems aiming to be cost-effective and wireless, where sensors based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are standard. However, despite the advancement of technology, these face challenges such as optimization of energy resources, computational resources, and complying with the characteristic of real-time processing.
... Tom e, Pimentel, and Figueiras (2020) presented a practical application of an online data-based strategy to detect early damage of cables under environmental, operational and long-term effects in cable-stayed bridges. A program for structural health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges using seismic accelerometers was developed by Jeong, Jang, Nam, Hohyun An, and Kim (2020). An optimal sensor layout method for a long-span cable-stayed bridge under the consideration of vehicle-bridge coupled vibration was proposed by Gao, Cui, Li, Guo, and Liu (2020). ...
Cable-stayed bridges have been constructed with different type of towers (pylons) in the World, namely H-shaped, A-shaped, inverted Y-shaped, single column, diamond-shaped. More than half of the cable-stayed bridges utilised the towers with inclined legs. The dynamic response of inclined tower legs can be extremely complicated during earthquakes. Real earthquakes provide an excellent opportunity to gain insight into the performance of the towers. The present paper focuses on the real dynamic responses of inverted Y-shaped towers in long span cable-stayed bridges by using monitoring data recorded during moderate earthquakes. Nissibi cable-stayed bridge with two inverted Y-shaped towers constructed in Adıyaman, Turkey is selected for the application. Samsat (Adıyaman) earthquake with magnitude 5.5 (Mw) occurred near the bridge site. The dynamic responses of the bridge towers during the earthquake have been recorded using 3 D accelerometers. Vertical and horizontal spatial variations of the acceleration responses recorded during the earthquake at the foundation, deck and top levels of the two towers in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions are evaluated and compared with each other. Significantly acceleration amplifications along the height of the towers and arrival time delays between the tower foundations are observed on the selected cable-stayed bridge.
