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... outlined many problems that were generalized into (1) small income caused by poor catch and overcrowded fishing gears; (2) degraded environment with hardly any mangroves, shallow water with heavy siltation; and (3) poor law enforcement. Table 1 further summarizes the main problems in the New Washington-Batan estuary, as well as the direct solutions to these problems. It is with these ideas that shrimp stock enhancement is viewed to play a crucial role. ...Similar publications
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Citations
... releases would eventually result in critical loss of stock fitness through ecological impacts and genetic introgressions (Kitada, 2018), negative interactions of released stocks with wild species and alter trophic dynamics (Cowx, 1994), possible transfer of diseases , and socio-cultural impacts on the local human communities (Garaway et. al., 2006;Altamirano et. al., 2015). ...
... To develop an effective and sound stock-enhancement tool, the integration and coordination of research and expertise in several essential subdisciplines of natural science and social science are imperative. For a successful resource enhancement program, the biology and ecology of target species must be thoroughly understood from production of seed stocks until monitoring and assessing the efficiency of release, as well as the conditions of the environment for release, carrying capacity of the Problems with the local fishing communities can also arise because fisheries management programs, including stock enhancement, entail some kind of social modification like fishing limitations (Altamirano et al., 2015). Often, the success of the resource enhancement program can be largely dependent on the presence of a strong local community leadership, and that the community members have direct access to the benefits while being agreeable and able to adapt the technology required (Garaway et al., 2006). ...
... However, current progress in research also involves various other concerns from basic biology and ecology of target species (Fushimi, 2001), health management , risk assessments, socioeconomic studies, as well as social science perspectives (Garaway et al., 2006). Perhaps, equally important are the roles of fisheries managers, local governments, and especially the local fishing communities for effective and responsible stocking program (Liao, 2003;Garaway et al., 2006;Altamirano et al., 2015;Fushimi, 2016;Juinio-Meñez, 2016). Bell et al., (2006) highlighted that "restocking and stock enhancement programs are applied in complex human-environment systems, involving dynamic interactions between the resource, the technical intervention and the people who use it. ...
Fish and fishery products are always in high demand causing pressure on world fish supply. The world’s wild capture fisheries resources ultimately reached its peak around the early 90s and plateaued at around 90 million tonnes. The stagnancy in wild fisheries production poses an alarm to the ever-growing human population. Fortunately, at around the same time, aquaculture production has filled some gap in seafood supply with over 100 million tonnes produced annually. However, there are various concerns about aquaculture and its sustainability. This is where the idea of aquatic resource enhancement comes in, not only to increase fish yield for food but also to compensate for losses caused by anthropogenic interventions, while promoting environmental rehabilitation and conservation. Resource enhancement, as a whole, can include various concepts on sustainable development, habitat conservation and improvement, ecological management, and aquaculturebased stock enhancement. This paper highlights the development of some resource enhancement programs worldwide and provide some examples particularly those from the Southeast Asian Region. We will attempt to tackle some successes and failures, as well as review past and recent experiences to extract important learnings. Based on these lessons, future directions of how resource enhancement initiatives can be made more efficient and sustainable. As a general rule, we recommend that in order to increase chances of success for programs on resource enhancement, it has to be science-based, there needs to be inclusive and participatory planning and management involving all stakeholders and adheres to responsible culture practices. Moreover, there should be concurrent efforts in reducing fishing pressures, as well as in protecting and rehabilitating natural ecosystems.
