Fig 53 - uploaded by Mike Anderson Corazon Guivin
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Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of Sphaerosporium lignatile (MICH 254984). A. Fruiting bodies are small, cushion-shaped masses of ochreous to honey-colored spores. B-D. Squash mounts in deionized water. B. We observed close associations between S. lignatile and bryophyte rhizoids. C. Hyphae are torulose, branched, and generate monoblastic conidia. D. Chlamydospore-like conidia, surrounded by a thick, hyaline, refractive cell wall. Scale bars A 1 mm, B-D 50 μm.
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Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. o...
Citations
... Root colonization by AMF is characterized by presenting fungal structures, such as mycelium, auxiliary cells, arbuscules, vesicles, and spores [18,19], being this vast structure it is most important for its correct identification using the morphological approach [18][19][20][21][22]. Currently, in the Peruvian Amazon, some studies have recorded a great diversity of AMF [23][24][25][26][27]. New species were identified in different crops [23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] using morphological and molecular tools [39][40][41], and molecular analyses of the SSU-ITS-LSU region of rDNA [42]. ...
... Subsequently, a two-step PCR (using gDNA) was conducted to amplify the ribosomal fragment of AMF consisting of partial SSU, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and partial LSU rDNA using the primers SSUmAf/LSUmAr and SSUmCf/LSUmBr, consecutively [42]. The PCR was carried out according to Corazon-Guivin et al. [23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. PCR products from the second round of amplifications (∼1500 bp) were separated by electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gel, stained with Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye (Promega), and revealed by UV illumination. ...
... The presence of possible unidentified new species could be related to the fact of an area not yet characterized and a poorly studied plant species. Thus, our research group recently recently reported 11 new AMF species in the Peruvian Amazon such as Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, Microkamienskia peruviana, Acaulospora aspera, Nanoglomus plukenetiae, Rhizoglomus variabile, Paraglomus occidentale, Acaulospora flava, Paraglomus peruvianum, Acaulospora flavopapillosa, Rhizoglomus cacao, and Diversispora alba [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. A study conducted in three agroecosystems associated with Theobroma cacao in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest reported 46 AMF species [48]. ...
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (camu-camu) is a shrub native to the Amazon region that produces fruits with a high content of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds, making it a functional food with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, it is unknown which microorganisms are associated with its root system and can influence its growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most plants and are essential for their establishment, survival, and productivity since they facilitate their nutrition, increase water absorption, and improve soil structure. Although the AMF association is already known in some species of Myrciaria, no report is available on its association in M. dubia. This study presents, for the first time, the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia from the INIA San Roque experimental station located in the Amazon region, Peru. For the morphological and molecular analyses of the AMF, samples of rhizospheric soil and roots from two native accessions of the National Germplasm Bank of M. dubia were collected. Eighteen AMF morphospecies were identified in rhizospheric soil, belonging to nine genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Entrophospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Paraglomus, Funneliformis, and Sclerocystis, being the first one the most frequent. The roots of M. dubia showed high colonization by AMF (mean = 91%), and characteristic structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae, such as vesicles, hyphae, and arbuscules, could be observed. Likewise, the molecular analysis detected the presence of genetic material (rDNA) corresponding to AMF in the roots of both accessions. Our results evidenced the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia, which encourages further investigation of the functional potential of these microorganisms in this economically crucial agricultural plant in Peru.
... Thereafter, the mixture was kept on ice for 5 min. The samples were analyzed using the above DNA analyzer (Corazon et al. 2019). ...
Rice-growing districts in Uttar Pradesh, India, were surveyed during the months of July and October to record the frequency of occurrence and disease incidence of sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani in paddy. A total of 180 paddy fields were surveyed at the block level of 21 districts, where almost all the rice varieties were found highly susceptible to R. solani and exhibited severe yield loss compared with low-infested fields. The district Muzaffarnagar had the highest rate of disease occurrence, while maximum disease severity was recorded in the district Saharanpur. This district also had the highest soil population of R. solani, followed by Mathura, Muzaffarnagar, Barabanki, Aligarh, Sultanpur, Mainpuri, and Rampur. The greatest relative yield loss attributed to sheath blight infestation was recorded in Mathura (40%). The yield loss was linearly correlated with soil population of R. solani and disease incidence. Disease occurrence, incidence, severity, and yield loss to paddy were all significantly greater in the area which experienced relatively higher temperatures (25 to 38°C) and relative humidity (49 to 100%) during the months of June to August. Furthermore, the fields applied with a total dose of 250 to 280 kg nitrogen/ha exhibited higher disease severity (2.9 to 3.3 score) compared with fields that received a moderate dose of 140 to 180 kg N/ha (0.9 to 1.8 disease severity score). The rice nursery fields were found almost free from the sheath blight, but the disease was quite prevalent in the paddy fields with 7.2 to 38.9% disease incidence which resulted in 14.3 to 39.7% yield loss to rice.
... Surprisingly, our molecular studies show that the holotype of Pluteus granulatus var. tenellus J. Favre (G K9933, G00126179) also represents P. inflatus, even though Favre [54] described this variety as having a pileipellis composed of three types of elements, while there are only two significant element types in a typical basidioma of P. inflatus. Unfortunately, the size and condition of the Pluteus granulatus var. ...
... In most species, the pileipellis is composed of two types of elements (short and elongate). Favre [54] described P. granulatus var. tenellus as having a pileipellis composed of three types of elements: (i) short, broadly clavate to spheropedunculate and (sub)fusiform, (ii) elongate cylindrical, and (iii) long, elongate (sub)lanceolate to subfusiform or subcylindrical. ...
We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus podospileus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of P. inflatus var. alneus, Pluteus minutissimus f. major, and P. granulatus var. tenellus. Within the P. podospileus complex, we phylogenetically confirmed six species in Europe, five in Asia, and eight in North America. Based on our results, we recognize P. seticeps as a separate species occurring in North America, while P. podospileus is limited to Eurasia. We describe six new species and a new variety: P. absconditus, P. fuscodiscus, P. gausapatus, P. inexpectatus, P. millsii, and P. notabilis and its variety, P. notabilis var. insignis. We elevate Pluteus seticeps var. cystidiosus to species rank as Pluteus cystidiosus. Based on the holotype of P. inflatus var. alneus, collections of P. inflatus identified by Velenovský, and several modern collections, we resurrect the name P. inflatus. Based on molecular analyses of syntypes of Pluteus minutissimus f. major and a holotype of Pluteus granulatus var. tenellus, we synonymize them under P. inflatus. We also increase our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of P. cutefractus
... Diversispora alba is the eleventh species of Glomeromycota described from the Peruvian Amazon region (Corazon-Guivin et al. 2019a, 2019c, 2019d, 2022a, 2022cSong et D e s c r i p t i o n . -P i l e u s 2.0-2.9 cm diameter, at first conical, then expanded to convex, with large pronounced umbo, radially fibrillose of black color when young, margins slightly incurved, fimbriated, cracked; greyish black fibrils when young, then light brown (3.3Y 5.8/6.2) with creamy white fibrils (7.1Y 7.3/7.1), ...
In this 9th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 12 species: Bipolaris chusqueae from Chile (Pleosporales); Cortinarius anomalosimilis and C. brunneoviscidus from Canada and the USA, Inocybe nigroumbonata from Pakistan, Mycena amoena from the Netherlands, Tricholoma imbricatoides and T. pseudoterreum from Canada, T. mcneilii and T. robustipes from Canada and the USA, T. pallens from Canada, the USA, and China (Agaricales); Diversispora alba from Peru (Diversisporales); and Phaeotremella dejopia from the USA (Tremellales). The following new country records are reported: Camptomyces africanus (Laboulbeniales) on Astenus sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Tanzania and Tricholoma fulvimarginatum (Agaricales) from Canada.
... Pluteus cutefractus, originally described from Slovenia differs mainly by its cracked pileus, large, globose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (4.9-7.1 × 5.0-5.8 µm), small clavate to broadly clavate hymenial cystidia and habitat on underground twigs (Song et al. 2019). Pluteus necopinatus is distinguished mainly by its small, punctate fibrillose pileus (14 mm), sulcate-striate margin, slightly smaller basidiospores and lack of pleurocystidia and caulocystidia (Menolli et al. 2015). ...
A new species of Pluteus has been identified from Kerala State, India based on morphological and molecular (nrITS) characters. This new species, here described as Pluteus
fuscopunctatus, has medium-sized basidiomata, brown pruinose pileus and stipe, globose to subglobose basidiospores, fusiform cheilocystidia, broadly lageniform pleurocystidia, pileipellis of a transitional mixed type epithelium, abundant versiform
caulocystidia and lack clamp connections in all tissues. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the novelty of the species and its placement in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma.
... Fr. from Tibet and Sichuan Province [15]. So far, about 190 species have been recorded in China [6,8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and nearly 20 species belong to the subgenus Russula [18,23,26,[32][33][34][35][36][37]. As a subgenus with the most species in the genus Russula, its members are also widely distributed all over the world. ...
Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide,
some of which are famous edible fungi. Although many new species have been described in
China, their diversity in North China is still poorly known. Based on the morphology observation of
specimens and molecular phylogenetic analyses, combined with the current classification frame of
Russula, six new species of Russula subgenus Russula are proposed from the Yanshan Mountains in
northern Beijing and northern Hebei Province of China in this study: viz. Russula miyunensis (subsection
Chamaeleontinae), R. plana (subsection Chamaeleontinae), R. sinoparva (subsection Puellarinae),
R. sinorobusta (subsection Puellarinae), R. subversatilis (subsection Roseinae), and R. yanshanensis (subsection
Puellarinae). This is the first report of the species of Russula subgenus Russula from the Yanshan
Mountains. This study enriches the species diversity of Russula in North China and provides new
data support for the systematic study of Russula in subsequent research, including research and
development on edibility.
... Fr. from Tibet and Sichuan Province [15]. So far, about 190 species have been recorded in China [6,8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and nearly 20 species belong to the subgenus Russula [18,23,26,[32][33][34][35][36][37]. As a subgenus with the most species in the genus Russula, its members are also widely distributed all over the world. ...
Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide, some of which are famous edible fungi. Although many new species have been described in China, their diversity in North China is still poorly known. Based on the morphology observation of specimens and molecular phylogenetic analyses, combined with the current classification frame of Russula, six new species of Russula subgenus Russula are proposed from the Yanshan Mountains in northern Beijing and northern Hebei Province of China in this study: viz. Russula miyunensis (subsection Chamaeleontinae), R. plana (subsection Chamaeleontinae), R. sinoparva (subsection Puellarinae), R. sinorobusta (subsection Puellarinae), R. subversatilis (subsection Roseinae), and R. yanshanensis (subsection Puellarinae). This is the first report of the species of Russula subgenus Russula from the Yanshan Mountains. This study enriches the species diversity of Russula in North China and provides new data support for the systematic study of Russula in subsequent research, including research and development on edibility.
... The Coast region is characterized by the presence of deserts with elevation up to 2000 m, mean temperature between 19-20 °C and annual precipitation below 30 mm (Leon & Young 1996, MI-NAM 2010. The presence of these three natural regions makes Peru a country with diverse types of (Song et al. 2019), Paraglomus occidentale (Corazon-Guivin et al. 2020), Acaulospora flava (Corazon-Guivin et al. 2021), and Paraglomus peruvianum (Lebeuf et al. 2021). Several studies carried out in Peru had emphasized the importance of AMF and the mycorrhizal association (Ruiz et al. 2011, Rojas-Mego et al. 2014. ...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent the most widespread symbiosis in ecosystems, being present in 72% of plants.
The presented checklist helps to better understand the distribution of AMF due to the lack of information in Peru. The database
was obtained through the compilation of publications and separated into the classic natural regions of Peru; Coast, Andean and
Amazon. The total richness of AMF from Peru was 93 species of which 84, 26 and two species were reported from the Amazon,
Andean, and Coast regions, respectively. Glomeraceae (34.0 %) and Acaulosporaceae (27.6 %) were the most representative
families with the genera Acaulospora (26 spp.), Glomus (9 spp.) and Rhizophagus (8 spp.). The rarefaction curve showed an estimate
of 124 species for the Amazon region, 36 species for the Andean region, and 2 species for the coastal region. The present
study provides the current knowledge of AMF species occurring in Peru and encourages further studies in the Peruvian territory.
Results herein represent the first step to understand AMF distribution in Peruvian natural regions and provide the basic knowledge
to use AMF as biotechnological tools to improve crop production and recovery of degraded areas in Peru.
... The fungal isolates were molecularly identified based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-rDNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) sequences which were, respectively, amplified by using the ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990), EF1/EF2 (O'Donnell et al., 1998) and gpd1/gpd2 (Berbee et al., 1999) primer pairs related to the fungal genus. In the present study, the reaction mixture and PCR conditions for ITS, tef-1α, and gapdh were the same as those presented by Ebrahimi and Fotouhifar (2016), O'Donnell et al. (1998), andSong et al. (2019), respectively. PCR products were purified and directly sequenced in one direction with ITS1, EF1, and gpd1 primers by BGI Company (Denmark), respectively. ...
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms with the ability to colonize plants for the entire or at least a significant part of their life cycle asymptomatically, establishing a plant-fungus association. They play an important role in balancing ecosystems, as well as benefiting host through increasing plant growth, and protecting the host plants from abiotic and biotic stresses using various strategies. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from wild and endemic apple cultivars, followed by characterizing their antifungal effect against Venturia inaequalis . To characterize the endophytic fungi, 417 fungal strains were separated from 210 healthy fruit, leaf, and branch samples collected from the north of Iran. Among the purified fungal isolates, 33 fungal genera were identified based on the morphological characteristics, of which 38 species were detected according to the morphological features and molecular data of ITS, tef-1α , and gapdh genomic regions (related to the genus). The results represented that most of the endophytic fungi belonged to Ascomycota (67.8%), 31.4% of isolates were mycelia sterilia, while the others were Basidiomycota (0.48%) and Mucoromycota (0.24%). Additionally, Alternaria , Cladosporium , and Nigrospora were determined as the dominant genera. The antifungal properties of the identified isolates were evaluated against V. inaequalis in vitro to determine the release of media-permeable metabolites, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), chitinase, and cellulase as antifungal mechanisms, as well as producing phosphate solubilisation as growth-promoting effect. Based on the results of metabolite and VOC tests, the six isolates of Acremonium sclerotigenum GO13S1, Coniochaeta endophytica 55S2, Fusarium lateritium 61S2, Aureobasidium microstictum 7F2, Chaetomium globosum 2S1 and Ch. globosum 3 L2 were selected for greenhouse tests. Further, Co. endophytica 55S2 and F. lateritium 61S2 could solubilize inorganic phosphate. All isolates except Ch. globosum 3 L2 exhibited cellulase activity, while chitinase activity was observed in Ch. globosum 2S1, Ch. globosum 3 L2, and F. lateritium 61S2. Finally, Co. endophytica 55S2 and Ch. globosum 2S1 completely controlled the disease on the apple seedling leaves under greenhouse conditions.
... In the ITS phylogeny (Fig. 7), the Mexican sequence resulted in a well-supported clade (100% ML-BS, 1.00 PP, 98% MP-BS) with other samples of the same taxon from India, Madeira, and the USA. This species has a wide distribution, it has been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Hawaii, Jamaica, Madeira, New Zealand, Panama, Puerto Rico, and the USA, growing in hardwood litter (Desjardin et al., 1999;Song et al., 2019;Martínez & Lechner, 2021). This is the first mention of the species for the country, from Veracruz state. ...
The diversity of lignicolous agaric fungi is poorly known in Mexico. This group of fungi is responsible for the primary decomposition of wood, providing mineral elements that allow the nutrient cycles. The objective of this work was to reveal and confirm some lignicolous species present in Mexico with both morphological and molecular data. Thirteen species of eight genera, belonging to six families of lignicolous agaricoid fungi of the Agaricales were recorded, discussed, and illustrated, of which 11 are new records for Mexico. Considering our results, we confirm that Mexico is a Nearctic and Neotropical convergence zone of fungal taxa from both regions.
