Figure - available from: Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine
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Macroscopic and microscopic features. Ill-defined alopecia in the cat trunk with multifocally grouped, 2 to 8 mm, pigmented, slightly raised, nonulcerated plaques (a). Detail of plaques arising from the alopecic and exfoliating skin (b): plaques have a rough surface and an irregular shape. Focal hyperplasia and dysplasia of the surface and follicular epidermis accompanied by mildly asynchronous keratinocyte maturation; note the loosely arranged and slightly fragmented collagen fibers in the dermis (c). Detail of (c): some keratinocytes have dark condensed nuclei and a clear cytoplasmic halo (koilocytes); others have a blue-grey cytoplasm (hematoxylin and eosin stain).
Source publication
Feline viral plaques are uncommon skin lesions clinically characterized by multiple, often pigmented, and slightly raised lesions. Numerous reports suggest that
papillomaviruses
(PVs) are involved in their development. Immunosuppressed and immunocompetent cats are both affected, the biological behavior is variable, and the regression is possible bu...
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Citations
... To detect PV DNA, 3 primer pairs were used, targeting the L1 ORF of the Felis catus papillomavirus types 1, 2, 3, 4, and Bovine PV type 14, namely, FPV12F/R, FPV34F/R, and jmpSA F/R. 1,12 A no template control and positive control, consisting of bidistilled water and a DNA sample previously sequenced, respectively, were also performed with each reaction. Papillomavirus DNA was not amplified in biopsies analyzed; thus, a viral cause of inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) was ruled out. ...
A 12-year-old neutered female cat was referred with clinical signs referable to lower urinary tract disease. Clinical examination revealed a tense, painful urinary bladder, and proximal urethral thickening. Endoscopic studies showed a pedunculated mass with polypoid projections. Multiple full-thickness mucosal biopsies were obtained, and the mass was almost completely excised. The neoplasm was confined to the mucosa and consisted of epithelial cells arranged in anastomosing trabeculae and nests, growing downward into the lamina propria. Neoplastic cells showed minimal atypia and low mitotic activity. Histological findings were consistent with inverted urothelial papilloma. Feline papillomavirus DNA was not amplified from biopsies. One year later, the cat had no urological signs, and urinary bladder was normal at ultrasound. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a case of inverted urothelial papilloma in a cat and is a differential diagnosis for low-grade urothelial carcinoma and other lesions with inverted growth pattern.
... In Europe, PV infections have been reported in Switzerland in nine cases, 12,20 in one case in Germany 21 and in one case in Italy. 22 Here we assess, by a combination of histology, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR), the concurrent presence of FcaPV-1, FcaPV-2, FcaPV-3 and FcaPV-4 viral DNA and p16 immunostaining in 29 feline lesions collected in Italy, including non-neoplastic and preneoplastic, viral and non-viral-induced skin lesions, namely VPs, BISC, invasive SSC and actinic keratosis (AK). Two methods were applied to analyse the viral load data: absolute quantification (AQ) and relative quantification (RQ). ...
... To the best of our knowledge only the concurrent presence of FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-3 has been reported from one BISC and one VP. 3,22 However, differently from previous reports, we report here the presence of FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-4, alone or in association with FcaPV-2. ...
Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate, by quantitative PCR (qPCR), the presence of papillomavirus in feline viral plaques (VPs), Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK).
Methods
Twenty-nine cases with previously established diagnoses of feline VPs, BISC, invasive SCC and AK were selected from a dermatopathological database. A critical re-evaluation of diagnosis was performed by defining clear criteria toward carcinomatous vs non-carcinomatous, in situ vs invasive (if carcinomatous) and viral vs actinic. Cases were evaluated for p16 immunolocalisation. The presence of the target viral genes for Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV)-1, FcaPV-2, FcaPV-3 and FcaPV-4 was determined by qPCR. The data generated ΔΔCq values, which represent a normalised measure of DNA viral quantity. Samples with a positive ΔΔCq value were submitted to sequence analysis.
Results
Four VPs, 19 BISCs, four SCCs and one case of AK were included. By ΔΔCq analysis we found that all VPs were positive for FcaPV-1 or FcaPV-2; eight BISCs were positive for FcaPV-1, FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4. FcaPV-2 was the most prevalent among the group of VPs and BISCs.
Conclusions and relevance
Using the ΔΔCq method we report the first evidence of FcaPV-1, FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4 in Italy. FcaPV-2 was the most frequently detected; to a lesser extent, FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-4 were detected in the examined samples. FcaPV-3 was never associated with viral-induced lesions by ΔΔCq investigation. Compared with conventional PCR the ΔΔCq method has the advantage of establishing a possible role of the virus in the outcome of infection.
Papillomaviruses (PV) infect epithelial cells and can cause hyperplastic or neoplastic lesions. In felids, most described PVs are from domestic cats (Felis catus; n = 7 types), with one type identified in each of the five wild felid species studied to date (Panthera uncia, Puma concolor, Leopardus wiedii, Panthera leo persica and Lynx rufus). PVs from domestic cats are highly diverse and are currently classified into three genera (Lambdapapillomavirus, Dyothetapapillomavirus, and Taupapillomavirus), whereas those from wild felids, although diverse, are all classified into the Lambdapapillomavirus genus. In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to identify ten novel PV genomes from rectal swabs of five deceased caracals (Caracal caracal) living in the greater Cape Town area, South Africa. These are the first PVs to be described from caracals, and represent six new PV types, i.e., Caracal caracal papillomavirus (CcarPV) 1–6. These CcarPV fall into two phylogenetically distinct genera: Lambdapapillomavirus, and Treisetapapillomavirus. Two or more PV types were identified in a single individual for three of the five caracals, and four caracals shared at least one of the same PV types with another caracal. This study broadens our understanding of wild felid PVs and provides evidence that there may be several wild felid PV lineages.
