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Macroscopic and anatomical features for Tetrapyrgos nigripes (DED 5326). a. Basidiomes. b. Basidiospores. c. Basidium and basidioles. d. Cheilocystidia. e. Pileipellis terminal cells. f. Caulocystidia. Scale bars: a = 10 mm, b–f = 10 μm. Illustrated by D.E. Desjardin.
Source publication
Tetrapyrgos (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) is recognized as a genus characterized by basidiomes with a central or eccentric, well-developed stipe with a black to bluish black stipe base arising from a basal pad or disc; hyaline, inamyloid, distinctly tetrahedral basidiospores; non-gelatinous or weakly gelatinous pileipellis and pileus tramal tissues;...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... nigripes (Fr.) E. Horak, Sydowia 39: 102. 1987 [1986]. Fig. 3a Holotype: Not extant. Type locality: USA, North Carolina. Description based on newly collected specimens: Pileus 4-18 mm diam., convex and sometimes with incurved to inrolled margin when young, becoming convex, broadly convex to plano-convex or plano-depressed, with straight to upturned margin, rarely with a small papilla or umbo, ...
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Citations
... One additional species was later described by Petersen & Gordon (1994), increasing the number of species to 16. Out of these 16, Honan et al. (2015) recognized only nine as belonging to Tetrapyrgos s. str. and the remaining seven were classified as being closer to Campanella. ...
... He et al. (2019) recognize 18 species in Tetrapyrgos. Honan (2007) and Honan et al. (2015) revised the circumscription of Tetrapyrgos by using both morphology and nuc rDNA ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences and confirming these nine species: T. atrocyanea (Métrod) E. Horak, T. longicystidiata A.H. Honan, Desjardin & T.J. Baroni (2015: 108), T. nigripes (Fr.) ...
... & Broome) E. Horak (1987: 103), T. subdendrophora (Redhead) E. Horak (1987: 103), and T. tropicalis R.H. Petersen & S.A. Gordon (1994: 755). Other species of Tetrapyrgos sensu Horak (1987) remained in Campanella (Honan et al. 2015). ...
Tetrapyrgos is characterized by small basidiomata which have a mostly whitish pileus, a well-defined central or eccentric, mostly dark greyish stipe, a non-or very weakly gelatinous pileipellis and pileus tramal tissues; the pileipellis is composed of Rameales-like structures, and the basidiospores are distinctly tetrahedral. Members of this genus are commonly found on dead leaves and woody debris on the floor of tropical and subtropical forests. Recent studies suggest changes in the circumscription of Tetrapyrgos and Campanella Still poorly documented, to date, only about 18 species have been assigned to Tetrapyrgos. Through integrative taxonomy, we describe six new species from the Brazilian Amazon, based on evidence from morphological and ITS data. Tetrapyrgos longicystidiata is formally synonymized in T. atrocyanea.
... Subsequently, Mata et al. (2007) confirmed the distant relationship of M. candidus to M. juniperinus with ITS sequence data, but suggested that M. candidus was sister to Mycetinis. In a taxonomic revision of Tetrapyrgos supported with ITS sequence data, Honan et al. (2015) reported M. candidus as sister to Campanella (0.92 PP support), but embedded within Tetrapyrgos. They acknowledged the difficulty in distinguishing species of Campanella from Tetrapyrgos, and suggested that they may represent a single genus (Campanella has nomenclatural priority), but hesitated to accept the synonymy until the type species of both genera were clearly circumscribed with morphological and molecular data. ...
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... There has been renewed interest in clarifying the generic boundaries of Tetrapyrgos E. Horak (1987) and Campanella Hennings (1895). The morphological distinctions between these two genera and the ways they have been treated taxonomically by various workers were succinctly documented byHonan et al. (2015). However, they noted that distinguishing Tetrapyrgos from Campanella was problematical because of the lack of recently collected specimens of their type species upon which comprehensive morphological and molecular redescriptions can be based. ...
... The holotype, preserved in alcohol, was studied by Horak (1968) who provided more details on micromorphology. As noted byHonan et al (2015), the documentation of tetrahedral basidiospores, Rameales-type pileipellis and stipitipellis, diverticulate cheilocystidia with apical knobs, bluish stains, and a stipe with white apex and bluish black base provided enough data to help circumscribe the genus Tetrapyrgos. However, the poorly preserved holotype and absence of recently collected material prohibited generation of molecular sequences to help distinguish the taxon from similar species, especially from T. longicystidiata A.H. Honan, Desjardin & T.J. Baroni, newly described from neotropical populations, from T. subcinerea (Berk. ...
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