Figure 6 - uploaded by Marketa Marvanova
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MRI Image of 38-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis. The arrow points toward two brain lesions associated with MS inflammation and demyelination.
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... revised criteria enable earlier diagnosis and thus earlier treatment to preserve brain tissue and slow progression of the disease. The most useful and sensitive test that can aid in the diag- nosis of MS is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain ( Figure 6) and spinal cord. [42][43] Simply put, an MRI is a procedure to scan or visualize the inside of the body. ...
Context 2
... this case, we are only interested in obtaining images of the optic nerves, brain and spine. 42-43 Figure 6 shows an MRI scan of the brain obtained from a female patient with MS. You can see two distinct brain areas that are affected (lesions) and thus indicates dissemination of the disease across space. ...
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Citations
... Epstein-Barr virus has long been associated with lymphomas, suggesting key roles in multiple sclerosis via the modulation of the Table 1. Types of multiple sclerosis [18]. ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects millions of people worldwide, and recent data have identified the potential role of the gut microbiome in inducing autoimmunity in MS patients. To investigate the potential of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a treatment option for MS, we conducted a comprehensive literature search (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) and identified five studies that involved 15 adult MS patients who received FMT for gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary outcome of this review was to assess the effect of FMT in reversing and improving motor symptoms in MS patients, while the secondary outcome was to evaluate the safety of FMT in this patient population. Our findings suggest that all 15 patients who received FMT experienced improved and reversed neurological symptoms secondary to MS. This improvement was sustained even in follow-up years, with no adverse effects observed. These results indicate that FMT may hold promise as a treatment option for MS, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
... Demographic information of people, including age, gender, marital status, education (illiterate, less than a diploma, diploma, and academic), as well as information, including current disease severity (mild, moderate, and severe), hair loss severity before and after the treatment (mild, moderate, and severe), skin complications (erythema, erythema+eczema, and eczema/hives/skin rash/others), medications (none, contraception, beta-blockers, anti-depression, combination, etc.), anemia history, thyroid problem/hormonal disorders, comorbidities (none and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/debates mellitus/hypertension (HTN)/etc.) and type of treatment (Rabif/Resin/Actoserc/Avonex and Betaferon/Betaseron/Actoferon treatment), and known cutaneous side effects of interferon mentioned in the dermatology text of Bolognia, were recorded (15). ...
Background: Interferons are generally prescribed in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. This study was done to investigate the severity and type of skin side effects of interferon beta (IFNβ) in patients with MS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on the patients with MS taking IFNβ medication referred to Baqiyatullah Hospital in 2021 - 22. The sample size was 322, and the sampling method was census. Data were documented in a checklist, and analyses were performed by SPSS software version 24 at a significance level of 0.05. Result: About 46% of patients had no skin complications. The erythema at the injection site was the commonest skin complication (45.2%). The hair loss severity after treatment had a statistically significant increase than before (P < 0.001). If the severity of the patient's current disease was moderate, the estimated odds of developing the erythema compared to no complication was 2.60 times higher than the patient with mild current severity of the disease (P = 0.003), and if the severity of the current disease was moderate, the estimated odds of developing erythema + eczema than no complications was 7.70 times higher than the patient with the current severity of the mild disease (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The most important skin complications MS patients experience following the use of IFNβ are injection site skin reactions and erythema. Hair loss increased in MS patients after IFNβ treatment. Prospective studies on the procedure of hair loss after treatment with IFNβ in MS patients are recommended.
... PPMS is marked by the continuation and irreversibility of disease progressivity [2] [11] (Figure 4). [11] MS can resemble other diseases, which means that before coming to the diagnosis of MS, other differential diagnoses, for instance, CNS infection, cerebrovascular disease, and other autoimmune diseases, such as NMO, SLE, neoplasm, and metabolic caused must be removed first [5]. ...
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-related neurological disorder as a result of chronic inflammation and demyelination which affect the central nervous system. The number of MS cases in Indonesia is about 1–5/100.000 people. This disease causes disability and requires immense treatment costs. One of the MS subtypes is primary progressive which is marked by the decline of neurological functions since the disease onset, without any period of relapse attacks. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old female came with complaints on spinning dizziness, accompanied by vomiting and waddling for the past month before hospital administration. Based on physical examination, we found multiple cranial nerve palsies on the cranial nerve III, IV, V, VI, and VII on the left side. Initially, it suspected as an intracranial lesion in the cerebellopontine angle. However, brain computed tomography scan showed a normal result. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted and we found multiple lesions on the supratentorial and infratentorial region. The second patient was a 24-year-old female complained about waddling gait for the past year, which grew heavier. Based on physical examination, we found a cerebellar sign on the left side, cerebellar ataxia, paraparesis of lower extremity, and paresthesia. Brain MRI with contrast displayed white matter periventricular and infratentorial lesion. CONCLUSION: In both cases, radiological imaging examination, which was MRI with contrast, was beneficial in the establishment of patient’s diagnosis, which made therapeutic management suitable as needed.
