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ML tree based on ITS sequences with bootstrap values shown when >90%. Details of the specimens of Marthamycetaceae included in the analysis are provided in Table 1. Members of the Chaetomellaceae, sister to Marthamycetaceae in the multi-gene analysis in Fig. 1, are used as the outgroup; data for the outgroup specimens are available through the Manaaki Whenua -Landcare Research Datastore (https://doi.org/10.7931/T5YV-BE95).
Source publication
A leaf-spotting fungus common on Phormium tenax in New Zealand is described here as Marthamyces harakeke sp. nov. The phylogenetic analysis prepared for the description of this new species showed Marthamyces to be polyphyletic. To resolve this, three Marthamyces species from Australia and New Zealand, M. barbatus , M. dracophylli , and M. gilvus ,...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... ITS gene tree (Fig. 2) includes additional specimens of several of the accepted species. It also includes three accessions in GenBank deposited as Coccomyces proteae that are misidentifications of Marthamyces spp. The position of Naemacyclus fimbriatus differs between the two trees; clarification of its relationship requires additional genes or the sampling ...
Context 2
... GenBank accessions identified as Coccomyces proteae have ITS sequences that closely match Marthamyces emarginatus-like species (CBS 111703 as JN712451; CBS 111704 as JN712450; Fig. 2). Based on (Marincowitz & al. 2008) the morphology of C. proteae is typical of Coccomyces. It is possible that the putative C. proteae cultures from which these sequences were derived represent another, possibly undescribed, species of Marthamyces that grows on Protea leaves in South Africa. Note that another GenBank accession ...
Context 3
... species of Marthamyces that grows on Protea leaves in South Africa. Note that another GenBank accession identified as Coccomyces proteae (JX089385 ex leaves of Disterigma humboldtii (Ericaceae) ex Puerto Rico) represents yet another Marthamyces species, this one belonging in the clade containing M. maccormackii, M. renga, and M. culmigenus (Fig. ...
Citations
... 14 and cf. Figure 3c, 15) used "spurious thalline margin" or simply, "thalline margin", Baral et al. [1] (p. 2) used "lobes", and Bellemère [3] (pp. 430, 432-433) used "toit" (roof), although this definition excludes the plant tissue. We use "flaps" in this contribution following Johnston [15,16] and Johnston & Park [20] but we note that these authors alternate between "covering layer", "flaps", and "margin". We prefer to use "flaps" because the definition recalls the thinness of the tissue, the hinging action as the tissue tears and peels back as the apothecium opens, and then remains attached only on one side and hanging. ...
... 5 Figure 5W. [15,16,20]). Apothecia in face view 0.3-2 × 0.2-1.2 ...
... However, we were unable to critically assess ascus amyloid reactions among Ramomarthamyces species because these are under-studied. Johnston [15] reported an inamyloid ascus apex in R. dracophylli in material rehydrated in 3% KOH and mounted in Melzer's reagent, but we are uncertain whether R. gilvus, R. barbatus, or R. tuku were tested for ascus iodine reactions [16,20]. The protologue of R. barbatus is published along with a redescription of R. gilvus in Johnston [16], and in the Materials and Methods section of this paper, Johnston describes that specimens were rehydrated in 3% KOH and mounted either in this or lactic acid; no mention of iodine-based reagents is made, and iodine reactions are not given for these two species. ...
The apothecial fungus Ramomarthamyces octomerus sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in Mediterranean climate regions in southern Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands), and the Dalmatian region of Croatia. Presumably saprobic, R. octomerus occurs on intact, decorticated wood of Laurus novocanariensis and Olea europaea. Ascospores are cylindric-ellipsoid and seven-septate. Surprisingly, in our four-locus phylogenetic analysis (nuSSU, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, LSU, mtSSU), this fungus clusters among species of Cyclaneusma, Marthamyces, Naemacyclus, and Ramomarthamyces in a core Marthamycetaceae clade that circumscribes primarily leaf-inhabiting, filiform-spored species. In addition, the asci of R. octomerus possess an amyloid pore, but the reaction varies between specimens collected in the Canary Islands and those collected in Portugal and Croatia. The occurrence of an amyloid reaction in the asci of R. octomerus challenges the characterization of Marthamycetales taxa as possessing inamyloid asci. In our discussion we provide background and analysis of these notable observations.
... In addition, we consider that the plant with which each Marthamyces species is associated can be an important ecological character to separate species. Besides, other authors who have described species of Marthamyces have found a narrow range of hosts (Gu et al., 2015;Raymundo et al., 2016;Johnston and Park, 2019). Marthamyces coronadoae and M. emarginatus are close to M. manglicola by having 0-to 1-septate ascospores but differ by ascospore size and associated plant identity; the first species has larger ascospores (60-75 × 1.6-2.4 ...
... μm and the fungus grows on Eucalyptus (Sherwood, 1977;Johnston, 2006 (Sherwood, 1977;Cabarroi-Hernández et al., 2014). Species of Marthamyces have been quoted as biotrophs (Gu et al., 2015;Johnston and Park, 2019) and saprobes (Minter, 2003;Raymundo et al., 2016) and always as foliicolous fungi. Ascomata of Marthamyces manglicola were found on freshly fallen leaves. ...
... Another important aspect is the host identity of the associated plant. Marthamyces species show a preference for colonizing particular plants (Johnston and Park, 2019). Although M. manglicola was found in a mangrove forest with four mangrove species: Avicennia germinans, Rhizophora mangle L., Laguncularia racemosa C.F.Gaertn. ...
Background and Aims:
The genus Marthamyces is characterized by its orbicular to polygonal apothecia, immersed within the host tissue, erumpent from the substrate surface, by the hymenium with pruinose appearance due to the presence of small crystals on its surface and amongst the paraphyses, and by filiform, 0- to 3-septate ascospores. Members of this genus grow on leaves of plants throughout the world, mainly in the tropics and subtropics. The aims of this study are to describe and illustrate Marthamyces manglicola as a new species that grows on Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) from Cozumel Island and to elaborate a key to all species of the genus Marthamyces described until now.
Methods:
Specimens were collected on fallen leaves of black mangrove in Punta Sur Ecological Park, Cozumel Island Biosphere Reserve. Field data and morphological characteristics were recorded using the traditional techniques in mycology. The material was deposited in the ENCB herbarium of the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Key results:
Marthamyces manglicola is characterized by its apothecia opening by 3-5 pruinose and yellowish white to pale yellow flaps, a hymenial surface greyish blue to dull blue in young specimens, fading to bluish white to pale blue or pale yellow in mature apothecia. Microscopically, it has paraphyses swelling slightly near the apex, with several short, finger-like projections and straight to slightly curved ascospores on release. A key to all described species of Marthamyces is presented.
Conclusions:
Marthamyces manglicola on Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) is the only species of this genus described from mangroves.
... Asci are thin-walled and amyloid with variation in ascospore septation among the different taxa. Notable genera include Propolis (see Minter, 2003 for a review of species traditionally placed in this genus) and Marthamyces in which there has been considerable recent work describing new species (Johnston, 2006;Johnston and Park, 2019;Crous et al., 2019). ...
The class Leotiomycetes encompasses many fungi that were historically classified as inoperculate discomycetes. Molecular phylogenetics has changed our perception of the diversity of higher taxonomic lineages and morphologies in the class as well as our understanding of how these clades are related to one another. Leotiomycetes are found in all environments where researchers have explored and have myriad ecological strategies – including economically important pathogens (e.g., powdery mildews on various plants and the causal agent of the white-nose syndrome of bats), endophytes, saprobes, and mycorrhizae. In this article, we provide a summary of the morphological and ecological diversity of Leotiomycetes, and an overview of the taxonomic diversity and systematics. Major challenges in studying this group include historical biases in sampling outside of temperate Europe and North America and a lack of sequence data for many taxa especially in the sprawling mega-order Helotiales. With the help of environmental sequencing and genomic-scale data, researchers are beginning to reveal new perspectives on Leotiomycetes ecology, evolution, and systematics.
The monotypic genus Umbellidion remains as an incertae sedis in Pezizomycotina. This saprotrophic anamorphic fungus is morphologically distinct and unique, occurring widely in Brazil on several hosts, with only one record in the Caribbean region. During the project “Microfungi from Brazil: looking for new species,” five strains of U. radulans were obtained from decaying leaves of Eucalyptus spp., in the Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA), Rio Claro, São Paulo state, Brazil, and were studied based on their morphology and phylogeny. In this study, we conducted a multigene phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF1, and RPB2 sequences of 78 related taxa of Leotiomycetes. Phylogenetic inference showed that strains of Umbellidion form a unique, statistically supported lineage near the base of the Leotiomycetes. Accordingly, a new taxonomic order and family Umbellidiales and Umbellidiaceae were established to classify U. radulans. In addition, U. radulans is epitypified based on a new specimen collected from a Eucalyptus grandis plantation in Brazil.
