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ML bootstrap analysis of the EF1 gene of Argynnis paphia samples from Slovakia (Western Carpathians). The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X
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The contrasting habitats providing a heterogenous environment are considered to affect morphological traits of Lepidoptera due to their adaptability to various selection pressures under such conditions. The morphological and genetic variability of the butterfly Argynnis paphia (Nymphalidae) were studied with a focus on populations across different...
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... populations with minimal variability. Analysis of the EF1 gene divided our samples of A. paphia into several branches. One of the main branches was divided into separated groups independent of spatial distribution -the colder and warmer localities of the samples -and another branch was not clearly affiliated to any of the studied variables (Fig. ...
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Citations
... As a contrast, Sullivan and Miller [31] reported that forewing length increased significantly with increasing altitude in the studied six species of Macrolepidoptera. Similar with the results of Sullivan and Miller [31] for Lepidoptera, Mikitová et al. [32] determined increased forewing lenght based on altitude for Argynnis paphia (Lepidoptera). Differences in the tendency of forewing length size based on altitude may be related with insect species, body size and structure for easy fly. ...
The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatella (Fallén, 1826), which belongs to Delphacidae family, is widespread in Palearctic. It is one of the important pests of agricultural crops such as rice, maize, oat, wheat etc. Because of its economic importance, identification of the factors that effective on L. striatella populations is required. Size of body parts closely related with vital processes such as metabolic performance, fecundity, and longevity. Several ecological factors such as light, temperature, water supply and moisture were effective on body size. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of altitude on some body measurements of L. striatella. Because light, temperature, precipitation and some of the other factors vary based on altitude, it is an important ecological factor for organisms. Understanding the effects of altitude on insect species may give useful information about them. The specimens were collected from three localities at different altitudes in Central Black Sea Region, Turkey. Except wing length, all the measurements of the body parts varied proportionally with increasing altitude. Statistically significant variations were determined in the measurements of head width, pronotum length, pronotum width, mesonotum width and forewing width. The maximum head, pronotum, mesonotum and forewing width (0.623, 0.686,0.707 and 0.730 mm, respectively) and pronotum length (0.172 mm) was measured at 50 m. The minimum measurements of these body parts were at 900 m. Additionally, relationships were determined between measured body parts and altitude.
... The traits pointing towards specialism include a single adult generation per year, narrow host plant ranges and narrow requirements for host plant conditions (Ellis et al., 2019;Salz & Fartmann, 2009Spitzer, Beneš, & Konvička, 2009;Warren, 1995). Their conservation status varies regionally; some are among the most rapidly declining butterflies in respective regions (Powell et al., 2007;Sanford, 2011;Swartz et al., 2015), while others are still safe (Mikitova et al., 2021;Zimmermann et al., 2009). Very recently, Polic et al. (2022) used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers to study genetic patterns in three Palaearctic species, Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758), A. niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) and A. adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), in western parts of their ranges. ...
In human‐altered landscapes, specialist butterflies typically form spatially restricted populations, genetically differentiated due to dispersal restrictions. Generalists, in contrast, display minimum differentiation but high genetic diversity. While local‐level actions suffice to conserve specialists and landscape‐level actions are necessary for generalists, minimum information exists regarding conservation of species with intermediate features. We targeted two congeneric butterflies, the recently re‐expanding Argynnis adippe and the strongly declining A. niobe, co‐occurring in the pastoral landscape of the Carpathian Mountains, Czech Republic. We integrated species distribution models, mark‐recapture, and microsatellite analysis to compare their habitat requirements, adult demography, dispersal, and genetic patterns, and expanded the genetic analysis across the Carpathian Arc and beyond to delimit spatial conservation units. In two mountain valleys, both species formed interconnected populations numbering thousands of individuals. Mobility patterns suggested the populations’ interconnection across the Czech Carpathians. Genetic diversity was extremely poor in the non‐threatened A. adippe and moderate in the declining A. niobe. No population differentiation was detected within the Czech Carpathians (ca 1500 km2). Low genetic diversity and no differentiation was preserved in A. adippe across East Central Europe, whereas in A. niobe, populations from Serbia were differentiated from the Carpathian Arc + Alps. The high adult mobility linked to low differentiation probably reflect the distribution of larval resources, historically widespread but sparse and currently declining for A. niobe (grazing‐disturbed grounds), while currently increasing for A. adippe (abandonment scrub, disturbed woodlands). Units as large as entire mountain systems define population boundaries, and hence conservation management units, for both species.
