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Chemically treated date stones (CTDS) used in this study as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions in batch system. The effect of contact time, initial dye pH, temperature and initial dye concentration on the adsorptive removal process was studied. The results show that the removal of MB and...
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Almond shell wastes were used to prepare activated carbons with chemical activation by H 3 PO 4 , which were tested for the extraction of methylene blue dye from a synthetic liquid solution. The characteristics properties of prepared activated carbon like a functional group and morphological structure were characterized. The prepared activated carb...
Equilibrium and kinetic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorption on Hogla leaves (Typha Elephantina Roxb.) weredetermined in a batch process. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, adsorbentdosage and initial metal ion concentration. Maximum metal adsorption was found to occur at pH 2.0. The adsorptioncapacity of studied adsorben...
Agricultural waste can be exploited for the adsorption of dyes, due to their low cost, availability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. In this study, we were interested in the elimination of crystal violet dye, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption on almond shell-based material, as a low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbent. The almond shells were fir...
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Citations
... Table 5, the magnitude of the t-values serves as an indicator of whether the dependent variable exhibits a positive or negative impact. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. ...
Activated carbon produced from olive pits (OPAC) is a low-cost adsorbent that removes methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. OPAC was characterized using FTIR and SEM analysis. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches have been combined to optimize and model the adsorption MB. To assess the optimal conditions for MB adsorption, RSM was initially applied using four controllable operating parameters. Throughout the optimization process, varying levels of independent variables were employed, including initial dye concentration ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L, adsorbent dosage ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 g/L, pH values spanning from 1 to 9, and contact times ranging from 15 to 75 min. Moreover, the R² value (R² = 0.9804) indicates that the regression can effectively forecast the response within the examined range of the adsorption process. This research showcases the capability of optimizing and predicting the colour removal process through the combined RSM-ANN approach. It highlights the effectiveness of adsorption on OPAC as a viable primary treatment method for the removal of colour from wastewater containing dyes.
... The band at 1732 cm -1 is characteristic of the stretching vibration of the C=O of xylan carboxylic acids present in hemicelluloses [27]. The band at 1611 cm -1 is attributed to C=C deformation (lignin aromatic) [28], while the band at 1370 cm -1 confirms the presence of methoxy -C-O groups in lignin [29], the bands at 1250 and 1052 cm -1 are attributed to the elongation vibration of the C-O bonds of aromatic compounds and acid, alcohol, phenol, ether and ester functions [24] ; and the band appears at 606 cm -1 attributed to the elongation of the C-X bond (alkyl halide) [24]. ...
In recent times, utilizing biomass for adsorption has become a widely adopted approach to diminish contaminants in wastewater before its discharge into the environment. Our objective is to scrutinize the adsorption process of Basic Fuchsin (BF) on sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The investigation involves optimizing the process by exploring parameters such as bio-adsorbent mass, contact time, temperature, and the pH of the BF solution. The findings indicate that BF adsorption on SCB is most effective in a basic environment, attributed to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged SCB surface within this pH range and the organic cations of the dye. Under optimal conditions, BF removal by SCB reaches 97%. Kinetic modeling of adsorption reveals that the pseudo-second-order model best describes BF adsorption on SCB, while isotherm modeling indicates that Langmuir and Freundlich models provide the most accurate descriptions. The Langmuir separation coefficient R L and the Freundlich parameter 1/n both fall below 1, signifying the favorability of BF adsorption on SCB. Thermodynamic assessments underscore the spontaneity of the BF adsorption process on SCB. Overall, the study results underscore the capability of SCB as a bio-adsorbent for removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
... Treatment of complex tannery dyeing effluent is difficult to complete by applying a single treatment method. Researchers have already investigated the removal of dyestuff from synthetic dyeing effluent employing different chemically activated adsorbents, which are not available and cost-effective (Hou et al., 2012;Malana et al., 2010;Messaoudi et al., 2016). However, the characteristics of synthetic dyeing liquor and real tannery dyeing wastewater are not the same. ...
... The application of commercially activated carbon in wastewater treatment is efficient but the implementation of this technology is limited because of its high production cost (Fito et al., 2023;Moges et al., 2022). Recently, studies have sought on adsorption (Awad et al., 2019;Khamparia and Jaspal, 2016;Mella et al., 2015;Unugul and Nigiz, 2020) to remove synthetic dyestuff applying different adsorbents e.g., cattle hair (Mella et al., 2017), wood sawdust (Ibrahim et al., 1997), sugarcane dust (Ho et al., 2005), date stone (Messaoudi et al., 2016), powder of pine cone (Dawood and Sen, 2012), bentonite clay (Ayari et al., 2005), polymeric gel (Malana et al., 2010), wastes from untanned hides (Tang et al., 2021), raw tannery sludge (Geethakarthi, 2017), leather shavings (Gomes et al., 2016), leather trimmings from chrome tanning process , a composite of hydroxyapatite/chitosan (Hou et al., 2012), etc. However, these adsorbent materials face various limitations for not having available sources, and not being cost-effective and efficient for the removal of pollutants from tannery wastewater (Bedada et al., 2020). ...
In leather processing, dyeing is one of the most important operations. A significant amount of wastewater is emitted from the tannery after the dyeing operation. The dyeing wastewater harms aquatic life. Removal of dyestuffs from the real dyeing wastewater has become a great challenge to lessen the tannery's pollution load. In this work, the adsorption-oxidation process has been studied for acid dyestuff removal from real tannery effluent. The preparation of cost-effective adsorbent was
performed through thermal alteration of liming sludge leftover from a tannery. Adsorbent had been distinguished, implementing Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) both immediately before and following. The parameters of adsorbent dosage, oxidant dosage, contact time,
settling time, oxidant reaction time, and initial pH were performed to maximize the efficiency of dyestuff removal from tannery wastewater. Adsorption was performed without prior regulating the initial pH to remove dyestuff and other pollutants present in the effluent. Then, oxidation was performed to degrade the remaining color of the dyestuff. After adsorption-oxidation, the treated effluent’s pH level was 6.9. The combined effect of adsorbent and oxidant results showed dyestuff removal at 75.82%. The co-efficient obtained from Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetics,
Freundlich isotherm, and thermodynamic analysis, elucidated the adsorption response of an exothermic chemisorption reaction, with significant interconnectivity between adsorbent and dyestuff molecules. The mechanism of adsorption of Green V dyestuff on liming sludge adsorbent was also studied. The reusability study revealed that the regeneration efficiency was 91.85% after the 4th cycle
of the adsorption–regeneration process. Moreover, the process reduced biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical demand (COD) was 72.41%, and 58.63%, respectively from the dyeing wastewater. The present approach would be implemented as an affordable and sustainable methodology to remove acid dyestuff from real tannery wastewater.
... The q e values for orange G dye in pseudofirst-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found 0.823 and 8.05 mg/g with the regression coefficient 0.8958 and 0.9997 respectively. It suggests that the pseudo-first-order is not suitable for orange G dye and highly obeys pseudo-second-order model [54]. For an indigo carmine dye adsorption study, it was observed that q e for both models are closely related but regression coefficient value in pseudo-first-order was lower (R 2 > 0.90) while pseudo-second-order value was higher (R 2 > 0.99). ...
The sequestration of orange G (OG) and indigo carmine (IC) dye by utilizing novel incense stick (IS) ash adsorbent was examined in the current study. The dye uptake capacity of the adsorbent was explored through several batch experiments. The efficiency of the adsorbent was studied by different factors viz. adsorbent dose, agitation time, pH, temperature, and dye concentration. The study of the kinetic model described that the pseudo-second-order model was more effective for orange G and indigo carmine dye removal. Adsorption equilibrium was examined by the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The data obtained from the isotherm study for both dyes were well described and fitted to the Langmuir model. The incense stick ash adsorbent material was characterized by SEM, EDAX, BET, and FTIR techniques. The porosity of the adsorbent surface is described by the BET surface area of 6.934 m²/g and the micropore surface area of 4.550 m²/g. At a dye concentration of 50 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 200 mg, the maximum dye uptake for orange G and indigo carmine was found 26.10 mg/g and 20.53 mg/g, respectively. For OG dye, the values of the thermodynamic parameters ∆H⁰ and ∆S⁰ were 40.99 kJ/mol and 0.015 kJ/mol, and for IC dye, 58.81 kJ/mol and 0.191 kJ/mol respectively. Regeneration performance of the used adsorbent was investigated by alkaline treatment. In comparison to the IC dye, the OG dye desorbs at a greater rate of 42.56%. According to this study, using incense stick ash to remove textile dyes would be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly green alternative.
... The potential of hydrogen ion concentration or the pH plays a significant role in the adsorption studies [39]. In fact, the ionization degree is dependent on the aqueous phase pH and it influences the interactions occurring between the adsorbate and the adsorbent [40]. ...
In this study, Citrus Sinensis Leaf Activated Carbon (CSLAC), as adsorbent for acid blue 25 (AB25) dye removal from water, was synthesized from Citrus Sinensis Leaf (CSL) by using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) activation procedure. The obtained adsorbent was thereafter characterized by various methods such as FTIR, BET-BJH, and SEM-EDX. Further, the adsorption of AB25 on CSLAC was performed under different operating conditions. High CSLAC surface area of 485.16 m² g–1 was obtained, affirming that the prepared adsorbent is permeable, which is an advantage for the efficient removal of contaminants. Moreover, optimal conditions for the batch removal process of the dye from water were investigated. It was found that for 100 mg L–1 AB25 dye initial concentration, the CSLAC achieved almost complete removal of 98.64% within 60 min at a temperature of 25 °C, by using only 0.4 g L–1 of the adsorbent dose. In addition, the Langmuir theoretical model efficiently agreed with the experimental data, and it has led to a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 543.47 mg g–1at 25 °C. Kinetic studies, on the other hand, were in favor of pseudo-second-order (PSO) model to describe the dye removal from water. Others features of the CSLAC adsorbent resulted in its good regeneration and reusability. The results of theoretical statistical modeling at temperatures varied from 25 to 40 °C showed a monolayer adsorption of AB25 with two energy sites of CSLAC. Various characterization methods show that the mechanism of adsorption for CSLAC towards AB25 including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, and π-π interactions. Finally, the AB25 adsorption appeared to be an endothermic spontaneous process as evidenced by the determined thermodynamic parameters. The obtained overall data suggest that the CSLAC is an inexpensive adsorbent which has promising potential for dye removal from wastewater.
... Throughout the literature, a majority of the adsorbate-DPR-based adsorbents were disclosed to follow the Langmuir isotherm model the best. These systems include BRSM-date palm rachis-based AC (Daoud et al., 2017), methylene blue-date stone-based AC , crystal violet-date stone-based AC (Messaoudi et al., 2016), and methylene blue-date stone-based AC (Foo and Hameed, 2011;Messaoudi et al., 2016). ...
... Throughout the literature, a majority of the adsorbate-DPR-based adsorbents were disclosed to follow the Langmuir isotherm model the best. These systems include BRSM-date palm rachis-based AC (Daoud et al., 2017), methylene blue-date stone-based AC , crystal violet-date stone-based AC (Messaoudi et al., 2016), and methylene blue-date stone-based AC (Foo and Hameed, 2011;Messaoudi et al., 2016). ...
... Furthermore, the solubility of the dye increased at a higher solution temperature, making their tendency to escape from the solid phase easier. On the contrary, Messaoudi et al. (2016) revealed that the adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes onto date stone-based AC caused an increase in K F values when the solution temperature increased, thus resembling an endothermic type of adsorption process. Several studies revealed that some adsorbate-adsorbents systems produced high R 2 values for both Langmuir and Freundlich models, which signified that those adsorption systems can be well-described by two isotherm models (Daoud et al., 2017;El Ouadrhiri et al., 2021). ...
Textile dyes are organic compounds that can pose an environmental threat if not properly treated. They can cause many problems ranging from human health, ecosystem disturbances, and the reduction of the esthetic value of water bodies. The adsorption process using activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be effective in treating dyes in wastewater. However, the production of AC is limited by the non-renewables and relatively expensive precursor of coal. Date palm residues (DPRs) provide a good alternative for AC’s precursor due to their continuous supply, availability in a large amount, and having good physiochemical properties such as high oxygen element and fixed carbon. This study provides a review of the potential of date palm residues (DPRs) as AC in adsorbing textile dyes and the recent technological advances adopted by researchers in producing DPR-based AC. This review article focuses solely on DPR and not on other biomass waste. This study presents a background review on date palms, textile dyes, biochar, and AC, followed by production methods of AC. In the literature, DPR was carbonized between 250 and 400°C. The conventional heating process employed an activation temperature of 576.85–900°C for physical activation and a maximum of 800°C for physicochemical activation. Chemical agents used in the chemical activation of DPR included NaOH, KOH, ZnCl2, H3PO4, and CaCl2. The maximum surface area obtained for DPR-AC was 1,092.34 and 950 m²/g for physical and chemical activation, respectively. On the other hand, conditions used in microwave heating were between 540 and 700 W, which resulted in a surface area of 1,123 m²/g. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) utilized carbonization temperatures between 150 and 250°C with pressure between 1 and 5 MPa, thus resulting in a surface area between 125.50 and 139.50 m²/g. Isotherm and kinetic models employed in the literature are also discussed, together with the explanation of parameters accompanied by these models. The conversion of DPR into AC was noticed to be more efficient with the advancement of activation methods over the years.
... In this context, many researchers developed low-cost materials such as agricultural solids to minimize the pollution of wastewaters. Adsorption is the most effective method used to remove dyes from aqueous solution compared to other techniques (coagulation, photocatalysis, flocculation, hydrogen peroxide, oxidation, irradiation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation, membrane filtration, precipitation) due to their ease of operation, high efficiency, low-energy requiring technology, availability of different adsorbents, effectiveness in regeneration, and reuse of the adsorbent [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. ...
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to eliminating Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using oxalic acid-modified jujube shells of Ziziphus lotus (OA-JS)/ZnFe2O4(OA-JS@ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite as a high efficient adsorbent. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller, thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, transition electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize the OA-JS@ZnFe2O4. The equilibrium data fitted to Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 980.39 mg g⁻¹ and 476.18 mg g⁻¹ for CR and MB, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model could be best described the sorption kinetics. The calculated thermodynamic suggests that the CR and MB adsorption on OA-JS@ZnFe2O4 is spontaneous and endothermic. The OA-JS@ZnFe2O4 recycled, and the removal CR and MB were 82.08% and 76.59% after seven cycles, respectively. The synthesis of OA-JS@ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite showed excellent potential adsorbent for dye removal from wastewaters.
Graphical abstract
... The broad bands at around 3332, 3345, 2924, and 2915 cm − 1 are assigned to a −O−H group[34,35] and −C−H[36][37][38] stretching, respectively. The peaks at 1718 and 1630 cm − 1 for ArS and 1743 and 1626 cm − 1 for AmS represent stretching vibrations of -C=O of esters and acids[39,40] and aromatic -C=C[41], respectively. The peaks at 1442, 1254, and 1020 cm − 1 for ArS and 1454, 1245, and 1021 cm − 1 for AmS are attributed to aliphatic -C-O-C, -C-O-H, -C-O stretching, respectively[42][43][44]. ...
The Congo red (CR) desorption, from two dye-loaded agricultural solid wastes such as Argan nutshell (ArS) and Almond shell (AmS), was evaluated in this study. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and SEM analyzes. Process optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) feature central composite design (CCD). At optimum conditions (CR-adsorbent dose = 16 g L− 1, pH = 4, contact time = 50 min, NaOH concentration = 0.1 M, temperature = 23 ± 1 °C), the CR adsorption values were found to be 98.15% and 98.43%, respectively, for CR-ArS and CR-AmS. Further, a good agreement was found between the experimental results and those predicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. CR desorption efficiencies of 98.45% for CR-ArS, and 98.86% for CR-AmS, were obtained from the CCD-RSM study. Such efficiency values of the CR desorption were reached under optimized conditions of CR-adsorbent dose, contact time, and NaOH concentration: 13 g L–1, 35 min, and 0.07 M for CR-ArS and 12.4 g L–1, 32 min, and 0.06 M for CR-AmS. Furthermore, the ArS and AmS adsorbents showed good regeneration and reusability. The overall data indicate that agricultural solid wastes such as Argan nutshell and Almond shell are suitable adsorbents for wastewater treatment.
... this figure It can be seen from this figure that the relation between the recovery of organic pollutants and the processing time was almost linear at the first stage then had a sluggish rised behavior. This latter behavior may be attributed to the consumption of the active sites of the adsorbent[20]. ...
The increasing of global energy demand leads to the huge amount of wastewaterassociated with refinery processes. Refinery wastewater (RWW) contains significant levels ofcontaminants and are characterized by enormous amounts of refinery effluent. Since the wastes ofrefinery processing is a reason to ecological contaminations, treatment is a vital step for eliminationof these pollutants. This study was designed to determine effect of pH, process time and nano hematitedose in order to eliminate the organics pollutants from the refinery wastewater using adsorptionprocess and MINITAB software. The nano hematite was characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of adsorption time, nano adsorbentdose, and pH on the elimination of organic pollutants in the RWW was also investigated. The removalefficiency of organic content was 85.1% at pH 6.5, within time of 150 min, and adsorbent dose was0.9 g. The isotherms data of the adsorption process were determined by the Langmuir, Freundlich,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models. The latter demonstrated the highest adsorption kinetics,which ended up with a constant rate and higher adsorption capacity. These results indicated thatthe use of nano hematite was highly efficient in the removal of RWW organic pollutants withhigh adsorption capacity as determined by BET model
... Carbohydrates are the major components of date stone (DS). They are composed of cellulose (42%), hemicellulose (18%), sugar and other compounds (25%), lignin (11%), and ash (4%) [20,21]. ...
A novel biosorbent based on date stones (DS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was successfully elaborated by a simple chemical grafting of APTES on the surface of DS. The purpose of the present study was to examin the feasibility of the synthesized biomaterial in removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The chemical structure and the morphology of the DS@APTES were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The adsorption parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature were optimized. It has been found that the increase in contact time and the amount of adsorbent provide an enhancement of the removal capacity, while, the increase in heavy metal concentration, as well as temperature, can lead to a decrease in the adsorption efficiency. Under optimal conditions (temperature of 25 °C, pH 5.5, initial metal concentration of 10 mg L–1, 120 min contact time and adsorbent dosage of 1 g L–1), the synthesized DS@APTES exhibited high removal efficiencies of 95.29%, 72.35%, and 67.64% for Zn (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II) respectively. The Adsorption process follows both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models (r2 > 0.96) and was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which specifies the chemisorption nature. Furthermore, the calculated thermodynamic parameters have suggested that the heavy metals adsorption on DS@APTES is spontaneous and exothermic. This study illustrates that the prepared material is a promising adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions with the demonstrated high adsorption capacity.
