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Mushrooms contain active ingredients with their own antibacterial propFerties, so they can be used for prevention or treatment of high-risk diseases as well as chronic infections through extracting and optimizing these ingredients as biological and antibacterial substances. In this research, the aerial parts of the fungus, Lycoperdon pyriforme (L....
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... when young and fresh) were harvested from Northern region of Iran and identified by a botanist in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran. (Figure 1). All aerial organs of the plant were separated and dried under laboratory fume hood in the shade for ten days. ...
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... The MS quadrupole analyzer was in the electron-influenced ionization mode (EI) with an energy of 70 eV with a solvent delay of 3 minutes, in the range of 40-400 m/z, with a source temperature of 230 °C. The data was analyzed using the NIST MS spectral program and the Wiley mass spectral library [24]. ...
Polypore fungi are among the most preventable mushroom-forming fungi with known therapeutic potential, though only a few species have been securitized for their metabolites. This study examines the biological activity and bioactive compounds of Inocutis levis and Inonotus cuticularis collected in Iran. We examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of n-hexane, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts. Chemical profiles were assessed by chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques. The acetonic extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial effect against all tested microbial strains. The IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays ranged from 144.98-469.02 μg/mL and 128.06-331.52 μg/mL, respectively. The MTT assays for both fungi indicated low toxicity on normal HDF cells with IC50 values ranging from 1447 to 1908 μg/mL. HPLC-DAD analysis showed a high level of gallic acid among other detected phenolic compounds. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis displayed the presence of various sesquiterpenoids, furans, and styrylpyrone-class compounds. Inotilone, inonotin H and C, phellinulin B and M, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, phelligridin A and D, hispidin, and gallic acid were found in both species. Daedalin A is reported for the first time from the fungal family Hymenochaetaceae. In addition, several volatile compounds, including alkene hydrocarbons and some fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, were detected in GC-MS analyses. We suggest that I. levis and I. cuticularis have dual antibacterial and antioxidant properties and diverse metabolites, potentially opening new windows in future natural product-based medicine.
... The Artemisia haussknechtii and Protoparmeliopsis muralis medicinal lichen compound showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli [484]. The most important compound of Lycoperdon pyriforme was Ergosta-5,7-dien-3-ol, exhibiting antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus [485]. [488]. ...
The review aims to summarize the major and dominant natural antioxidants and their resources from medicinal and herbal plants with antiviral, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities. For this review manuscript, online databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, were searched for papers published from 1960 to November, 2021. Search terms consisted of “medicinal plants”, “traditional Iranian medicine”, “traditional Persian medicine”, “pharmaceutical properties”, “antioxidant activity”, “antiviral activity”, “anti-inflammation”, “antimicrobial” and “antibacterial activities”. (-)-Epicatechin, Caffeic acid, Gallic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Kaempferol, and Resveratrol are some of the most important chemical compounds with antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, Carnosol, P-Coumaric acid, Carnosic acid, Luteolin, Apigenin, and Kaempferol are the major chemical compounds with antiviral properties. Curcumin, Colchicine, Resveratrol, Capsaicin, (-)-Epigallocatechin, Quercetin, Myristicin, and Elmicin are the principal chemical compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Isoeugenol, Coumarin, Piperonal, Scoparone, Spathulenol, D-Limonene, and Myrcene are the principal chemical compounds with antibacterial properties in traditional Iranian medicine. Persian traditional medicine, or Iranian traditional medicine, is one of the main ancient forms of traditional medicine, which has influenced knowledge regarding other medicinal plants in various countries. It has also been considered one of the most well-known traditional and holistic systems of medicine.
... Similar kind of findings was reported in previous studies [56,57] and they recorded the highest antimicrobial effects of the mushroom extract against C. albicans suggesting that the mushroom could be used in the remedy of infections commonly associated with this group of pathogens [66][67][68]. Asgharpour et al. [69] reported that mushroom has shown higher antimicrobial effects against S. aureus [69]. Illuri et al. [70] also reported that edible mushroom has good antimicrobial activity against several human pathogens [70]. ...
... Similar kind of findings was reported in previous studies [56,57] and they recorded the highest antimicrobial effects of the mushroom extract against C. albicans suggesting that the mushroom could be used in the remedy of infections commonly associated with this group of pathogens [66][67][68]. Asgharpour et al. [69] reported that mushroom has shown higher antimicrobial effects against S. aureus [69]. Illuri et al. [70] also reported that edible mushroom has good antimicrobial activity against several human pathogens [70]. ...
The present study aims to explore the dietary nutrient levels of the edible mushroom, A. bisporus by biochemical analysis and evaluated their medicinal value in treating the human pathogenic microorganisms and free radical scavenging effects. A. bisporus mushroom exhibits a high amount of carbohydrates (41.6 ± 0.66%) and crude proteins (39.84 ± 0.66%). The crude fibre (8.6 ± 0.42%), ash (8.23 ± 0.44%), nitrogen (protein) contents (9.1 ± 0.44%) were available at a significant level and also possessed a lesser amount of fat (1.73 ± 0.33%). The quantitative determination of mycochemicals in A. bisporus reveals the presence of flavonoids (0.783 ± 0.03 g/100 g), phenolic content (0.441 ± 0.01 g/100 g), free amino acids (0.128 ± 0.12 g/100 g), saponin (0.121 ± 0.01 g/100 g), alkaloids (0.034 ± 0.01 g/100 g), tannins (0.027 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and vitamin C (12.8 ± 0.33 mg/g). Flame photometer and Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) study reveals the presence of minerals viz., potassium (2925.14 ± 0.67 mg/100 g), phosphorus (1230 ± 0.67 mg/100 g), magnesium (115.05 ± 0.24 mg/100 g) and calcium (107.21 ± 0.34 mg/100 g) in A. bisporus mushroom. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum established the presence of possible biomolecules in A. bisporus mushroom. A greater antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (14.3 ± 0.24 mm) and Candida albicans (14.2 ± 0.12 mm) was observed compared to Streptococcus pyogenes (10.8 ± 0.12 mm), Shigella flexneri (10.8 ± 0.21 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1 ± 0.33 mm) and Aspergillus fumigatus (11.2 ± 0.33 mm). The mushroom extract of A. bisporus have an excellent radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 12.5 µg/mL against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. This investigation revealed that A. bisporus mushroom has great potential to be used as food supplement to fight against pathogens in the near future.
... 11,12 Other mycochemical analysis on different extracts of Lycoperdon perlatum revealed the presence of variable levels of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and tannins. Furthermore, the hexane extract of L. pyriforme shows that it contains 26.6% ergosta-5,7-dien-3-ol and 9.8% 7,22-ergostadienone. 11,13 Species such as Inonotus obliquus, Fomitopsis officinalis, Piptoporus betulinus, and Fomes fomentarius are found to be useful agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, bronchial asthma, and different types of cancers. 5 Natural products have proven to be highly effective in the development of new medicines. ...
The objective of the current study is to compare the mycochemical composition and biological activities of two extracts (aqueous extracts and grounded materials prepared by the QUENCHER approach) of three wild Basidiomycetes Agaricus vaporarius, Lactarius deliciosus and Lycoperdon pyriforme collected from a region located at the north of Tunisia. Mycochemical analysis in terms of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins and tannins contents were determined. In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated using three assays (testing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] free radical scavenging, FRAP assay, and metal chelating assay). Their antimicrobial activities were assessed against seven bacterial species. The obtained data revealed the presence of significant differences between secondary metabolites and the biological activities of the different tested extracts. Extracts prepared by the QUENCHER approach of those basidiomycetes have a higher total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity against the evaluated strains. Antioxidant activity showed that the water extract had the greatest activity. The water extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the results showed that these three wild macromycetes contain a wide variety of antioxidant compounds in addition to many other bioactive compounds of nutritional and therapeutic interests.
... The combined UAE and SME process was followed by a liquid-liquid solvent extraction (LLE) method using universally accepted food grade hexane to selectively separate hydrophobic allicin from water. LLE was widely used to concentrate and enhance the percentage purity of phytochemicals in the extract [28][29][30]. Finally, to assess the extracted allicin's bioactivity, the antibacterial assay was done upon two model organism i.e. ...
Allicin is a bioactive phytochemical and a defense imitative compound of Allium sativum. Allicin's multidirectional health benefits (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer etc.) have drawn several research interests in the recent years. The present investigation demonstrates an indigenous sustainable hybrid extraction strategy, where a nonionic polysorbate surfactant based micellar solvent system was formulated and applied along with ultrasonication for intensifying the extraction of phytodrug allicin from garlic. The results revealed that at the optimized conditions of various process parameters viz., temperature 30°C, pH 7, ionic concentration of 1 mM Mg²⁺, solvent:clove ratio at 10:1 (ml/g), ultrasonic amplitude of 40%, duty cycle 80%, time 60 min, 0.07 mM tween 80 surfactant concentration, maximum extraction efficiency of the allicin (4.33 mg/g of clove) from fresh garlic were obtained. Further, this hybrid method was able to increase the final yield of allicin by ∼2.5 fold compared to the conventional type extraction. The micelle system reduced the loss of allicin due to degradation by ∼15%. Finally, the antibacterial assay reveals that this hybrid extraction process can uphold the bioactivity of the phytodrug allicin. Thus, this proposed method can be considered as suitable, effective and sustainable strategy to extract allicin.
... 34 A 10 7 CFU (colony forming units) mL −1 bacterial suspension was obtained as the inoculation liquid and the incubation temperature was 37°C. 35 A nutrient agar plate was used as the bacterial culture platform. The CACPVI nanoparticles were steri-lized with ultraviolet before incubation. ...
Antibacterial materials are rapidly emerging as a primary component in the mitigation of bacterial pathogens, and functional polymers play a vital role in the preparation of antibacterial coatings. In this study, a novel antibacterial polymer with double active centers was synthesized. Firstly, using one-pot soap-free emulsion polymerization technology, the cationic acrylate copolymeric polyvidone (CACPV) was synthesized by copolymerization of four monomers with different functions, which were methyl methacrylate (MMA), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTS) and [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC). Secondly, using iodine complexation, the cationic acrylate copolyvidone-iodine (CACPVI) nanoparticles were prepared. After being characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle test, the antibacterial activity of CACPVI was evaluated against the typical human pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive). Additionally, CACPVI was used to improve the antibacterial activities of some materials, such as ink, dye and coatings. It was found that CACPVI presented an excellent antibacterial synergy. When the antibacterial activities were more than 99% at a concentration of 40.00 μg mL-1, CACPVI exhibited long-term antibacterial performance as expected. The antibacterial mechanism of this synergy was also investigated. In summary, a novel antibacterial polymer material with double active centers was successfully synthesized and was widely applied in coating, dye and ink materials for minimizing bacterial infection.
For detect active compounds in gastrocap of Lycoperedon periform fungus that collected from some orchards of Diyala Governorate-Khalis district, which was characterized by the fact that the fruiting body was of the type Gastrocap almost spherical in shape, with a height of 6-8 cm, a width of about 10-13 cm, and a stem length of approximately 3 cm with a strong Woody, and the fruiting body of the fungus at the beginning of its growth is cylindrical in shape, then becomes pear-shaped, and at maturity it becomes spherical with a pointed base. The fruiting body is completely devoid of gills and in the form of a mass of Basidiospores, which is somewhat smooth and contains an oily drop of greenish-yellow color, which when placed in water gives a yellow color. The active compounds were detected in two types of alcoholic extracts of Lycoperedon periform, which were ethanolic extract and methanolic extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for this purpose. The results showed that the total number of active compounds that were Its determination in both the ethanolic and methanolic extract was close, as the number of active compounds in the ethanolic extract was 41 compared to the number of active compounds in the methanolic extract, which was 43 active compounds. The results also showed that the concentration of the active compounds changed their concentration by changing the solvent used. The results showed that the compounds that were identified in both the methanol and ethanolic extract their concentration differed according to the solvent, as there were 13 active compounds in the methanolic extract that had higher concentrations compared to the ethanolic extract, and there are 8 active compounds in the ethanolic extract whose concentration is higher than the methanol and through the concentrations of the compounds It was 13750 found that the methanolic extract was highly efficient in extracting the active compounds.
Despite an increase in life expectancy over the past 20 years, the number of novel, multi-drug resistant microorganisms has also risen dramatically. To reduce the risk of reemerging infections, and limit the spread of multidrug resistant microorganisms, it is urgently necessary to develop safe and effective therapeutic countermeasures. New antimicrobial chemicals are mostly produced with the help of microorganisms, and the bulk of medications now on the market are of this type. The use of high therapeutic screening and recent developments in analytical instrumentation has allowed the researchers to identify novel antimicrobial compounds from bacteria, fungi, plants, mushrooms, algae, and other sources more quickly.
The second volume of Frontiers in Antimicrobial Agents highlights the ongoing requirement for researching and creating novel antimicrobial medications. Current Trends in the Identification and Development of Antimicrobial Agents aims to bring together the expertise of notable academics to examine all facets of antimicrobial research while keeping recent advancements in perspective. Antibiotic discovery, sources of novel antimicrobial chemicals, developing and reemerging microbial infections, various elements of drug resistance, and the need for antimicrobial medications in the future are all covered in this book. It is a timely reference for anyone involved in the discovery and development of new drugs, including microbiologists, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, doctors, and researchers.
There is an urgent need to search for effective novel antibiotics due to the
evolution of pathogen resistance towards the existing anti-microbial drugs. To fulfill
the demand of pharmaceutical industries for novel drugs against pathogenic microbes,
the potential source is nature, which is the largest repertoire for discovering
biologically active drugs. Among the natural products, mushrooms are primary sources
of diverse low and high-molecular-weight compounds that demonstrate anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-viral activities. Mushrooms belonging to
basidiomycetes or ascomycetes were classified into edible and non-edible and had high
nutritive and medicinal properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The
most common edible mushrooms comprise Agaricusbisporus, Lentinus, Auricularia.
Hericium, Grifola, Flammulina, Pleurotus, and Tremella are potent sources of vitamins
(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin and ascorbic acid, Vitamin A and D), lipids (mono,
di, and triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids) and polysaccharides whereas non-edible
mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Lentinusedodes(Shiitake), Inonotus obliquus
(Chaga), Ganoderma, Trametes, Cordyceps spp., etc., are potent sources of alkaloids,
terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and quinolines. The
literature review suggests that mushrooms showed high anti-microbial activities against
Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus spp.,
Staphylococcus spp. etc.) and Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp. or Salmonella sp) as well as anti-fungal (Candida spp., Aspergillus
spp., Penicillium spp. etc.) and anti-viral (HIV-I, influenza) activities. The present
chapter highlighted the mushrooms showing anti-microbial activity, techniques for
appraisal of anti-microbial activity, anti-microbial bioactive compounds and last but
not least, the downstream process of some selected compounds originally isolated from
mushrooms.
Ganoderma atrum (G. atrum) have been used as medicinal and edible tonic in China for more than 2000 years, the sterol components of G. atrum are crucial for human health. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity and protective effect against Caco-2 cell oxidation damage of sterol compounds from G. atrum in vitro. Sterol components were extracted from G. atrum and its composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 7,22-ergodienone was separated from these sterol compounds. The estimation of antioxidant potential was evaluated by the protective effect on oxidative stressed Caco-2 cells induced by H2O2. Results showed that G. atrum sterol components exhibited moderate antibacterial ability against seven species of bacteria or fungi by disk diffusion method. G. atrum sterol components exhibited obvious (P < 0.05) antioxidant activities by promoting the secretion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while decreasing the content of methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the H2O2 induced Caco-2 oxidative damage model.
