Figure - available from: Journal of Medical Systems
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Lung volume capacities. (Tidal Volume-TV = 500 mL, Inspiratory Reserve Volume-tRV = 3000 mL, Expiratory Reserve Volume-ERV = 1100 mL, Residual Volume-RV = 1200 mL, Inspiratory Capacity-IC = 3500 mL, Functional Residual Capacity-FRC = 2300 mL, Vital Capacity-VC = 4600 mL, Total Lung Capacity-TLC = 5800 mL)
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This article proposes the employment of a proportional valve that can calculate the amount of oxygen in the air to be given to patient in accordance with the amount of FiO2 which is set from the control menu of the ventilation device. To actualize this, a stepper motor-controlled proportional valve was used. Two counts of valves were employed in or...
Citations
... Implanted biomedical devices [8,9] have the potential to make a revolution in medicine. These devices need the ability to communicate with an external computer system (base station) via a wireless interface. ...
Sleeping positions have a significant impact on exposure of apnea patients to sleep apnea.
In this study, the sleeping position of the patient was read with the STM microcontroller by using the body position sensor (SleepSense 1/8" Plug DC Body Position Sensor Kit) produced by the sleep sense company. This sensor produces results with analog signals between 0-2V. This analog signal was read using the ADC (Analog Digital Converter) feature of the microcontroller. This signal read by the microcontroller was sent to the computer via the USB port. The C# software prepared on the computer reads the data from the microcontroller and saves this data and the arrival time of the data to the bit TXT file. The data in this TXT file is ready to be evaluated by signal processing methods. These data, together with other data obtained from the polysomnography device, can be used to learn the body position of the patient at the time of apnea.
... The block diagram of the designed system is shown in Fig. 2. The power supply supplying the main microcontroller has the values of 12 V and 12 W; the electronic driver for the transformer has the values of 24 V and 150 W. 8-bit Midray Class PIC18F4550 is used as a microcontroller. [13][14][15] Expanded memory is used to adjust the time of exposure of the MIs to NOMA. A zero voltage switching push flyback driver is used in the designed system. ...
The aim of this study is to design and test a new medical sterilization system as an alternative to the techniques used in the sterilization of medical instruments. The designed system, which uses a new oxygen molecule allotrope (NOMA) in the reactive oxygen species, is developed as an alternative to the sterilization systems using other gases. The test was conducted on 12 different materials, each having a surface of 2 cm², sterilized under 120 °C at 1 atm pressure for 20 min in the NUVE-OT 4060 sterilizer, and all surfaces were contaminated with a biological indicator Geobacillus stearothermophilus cultured in an incubator at 37 °C. Test samples in sterile Petri dishes were placed in a desiccator, and a sample was taken at 30-, 45-, and 60-min test periods and were placed on an agar medium and put in a Memmert incubator IN75 at 37 °C; in the controls conducted following 16–18 h of incubation period, no bacterial growth was observed in the newly designed system tested with gram positive bacilli; moreover, it was observed that the new system was 100% effective in sterilizing the microbes as no growth was observed on the samples. Within the scope of this study, a faster, low-cost, low-temperature, residue-free, and human and environmental friendly system was developed and tested for sterilization of medical devices compared to existing sterilization methods using NOMA.
... The spool position, and thus corresponding obstruction to flow, will vary in proportion to the electrical current applied to the solenoid (Hardwick, 1984;Vaughan, and Gamble, 1996). As flow delivery devices, PSOL valves have advantages of low power consumption, a range of static input voltage for which the output steady flow is nearly linearly dependent, and fast dynamic response time (i.e., ~20 msec) (Gölcuk, and Guler, 2017;Lua, et al., 2001). ...
We present a system identification technique for the characterisation of the linearity and dynamic response of a PSOL valve and its corresponding electronic control unit (ECU) using bandlimited white noise, as well as pseudo random "non-sum non-difference" (NSND) waveforms consisting of mutually prime frequencies to mitigate the effects of nonlinear distortions. The parameters of several transfer function models were simultaneously estimated from the voltage-flow frequency response using a nonlinear gradient descent technique. Candidate transfer function models were assessed using the mean squared residual (MSR) criterion and the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). The MSR yielded a transfer function consisting of ten poles and nine zeros, while the AICc yielded a simpler transfer function consisting of five poles and three zeros. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrated fragile stability for the MSR-selected model with respect to varying parameter values within estimated uncertainties, yet a robust stability for the AICc-selected model.
... The spool position, and thus corresponding obstruction to flow, will vary in proportion to the electrical current applied to the solenoid (Hardwick, 1984;Vaughan, and Gamble, 1996). As flow delivery devices, PSOL valves have advantages of low power consumption, a range of static input voltage for which the output steady flow is nearly linearly dependent, and fast dynamic response time (i.e., ~20 msec) (Gölcuk, and Guler, 2017;Lua, et al., 2001). ...
We present a system identification technique for the characterisation of the linearity and dynamic response of a PSOL valve and its corresponding electronic control unit (ECU) using bandlimited white noise, as well as pseudo random "non-sum non-difference" (NSND) waveforms consisting of mutually prime frequencies to mitigate the effects of nonlinear distortions. The parameters of several transfer function models were simultaneously estimated from the voltage-flow frequency response using a nonlinear gradient descent technique. Candidate transfer function models were assessed using the mean squared residual (MSR) criterion and the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). The MSR yielded a transfer function consisting of 10 poles and 9 zeros, while the AICc yielded a simpler transfer function consisting of 5 poles and 3 zeros. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrated fragile stability for the MSR-selected model with respect to varying parameter values within estimated uncertainties, yet a robust stability for the AICc-selected model.
The concept of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which directs treatment to precise anatomical sites, offers benefits such as fewer side effects, reduced toxicity, optimized dosages, and quicker responses. However, challenges remain to engineer dependable systems and materials that can modulate host tissue interactions and overcome biological barriers. To stay aligned with advancements in healthcare and precision medicine, novel approaches and materials are imperative to improve effectiveness, biocompatibility, and tissue compliance. Electronically controlled drug delivery (ECDD) has recently emerged as a promising approach to calibrated drug delivery with spatial and temporal precision. This article covers recent breakthroughs in soft, flexible and adaptable bioelectronic micro‐systems designed for ECDD. It overviews the most widely reported operational modes, materials engineering strategies, electronic interfaces, and characterization techniques associated with ECDD systems. Further, it delves into the pivotal applications of ECDD in wearable, ingestible, and implantable medical devices. Finally, the discourse extends to future prospects and challenges for ECDD.
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Timely preterm labor prediction plays an important role for increasing the chance of neonate survival, the mother's mental health, and reducing financial burdens imposed on the family. The objective of this study is to propose a method for the reliable prediction of preterm labor from the electrohysterogram (EHG) signals based on different pregnancy weeks. In this paper, EHG signals recorded from 300 subjects were split into 2 groups: (I) those with preterm and term labor EHG data that were recorded prior to the 26th week of pregnancy (referred to as the PE-TE group), and (II) those with preterm and term labor EHG data that were recorded after the 26th week of pregnancy (referred to as the PL-TL group). After decomposing each EHG signal into four intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by empirical mode decomposition (EMD), several linear and nonlinear features were extracted. Then, a self-adaptive synthetic over-sampling method was used to balance the feature vector for each group. Finally, a feature selection method was performed and the prominent ones were fed to different classifiers for discriminating between term and preterm labor. For both groups, the AdaBoost classifier achieved the best results with a mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 95%, 92%, 97%, and 0.99 for the PE-TE group and a mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 93%, 90%, 94%, and 0.98 for the PL-TL group. The similarity between the obtained results indicates the feasibility of the proposed method for the prediction of preterm labor based on different pregnancy weeks.
PurposeMedical equipment used in the health sector require complete sterilization to protect patients from infection. This study aims at validating the test results obtained from the previously developed innovative system of sterilization.Methods
The experiment was repeated under the same ambient conditions and time, and with the same materials used in the previous experiment, but by only doubling the desiccator capacity at an accredited laboratory complying with the ISO/IEC 17,025:2017 standards. Cultivating a new oxygen molecule allotrope (NOMA) from reactive oxygen species (ROS), the viability of sterilization was tested and evaluated against other sterilization systems. The reactor was designed using the cold atmospheric plasma corona discharge method to obtain a NOMA. Primarily, five different materials were sterilized in an autoclave. Then, the samples were contaminated on all sides with the Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicator cultivated in an incubator at 37 °C. The materials were checked at intervals of 30, 45, 60 min, and 18–24 h, in an incubator set at 37 °C to check for the proliferation of the bacteria.ResultsIn the test, proliferation of bacteria on the sterilized medical equipment was assessed, and it was observed that the sterilization was successful and reproduction of the germs on the materials diminished at a considerable rate.Conclusions
Consequently, comparing the mentioned study with the systems using gas sterilization, a system not needing any additional consumables, not detrimental to personnel, patients, or to the equipment sterilized, environment-friendly, using significantly less energy, and providing faster sterilization with NOMA at lower temperatures was developed. Its efficiency, effectiveness, and reliability were also tested and confirmed.
The Wireless Sensor Network affords the basis for the Internet of Things (IoT) systems that typically produce large and imprecise information. This information has to be integrated faster and efficiently handled. Various devices deployed with IoT exists like organizational automation, smart grid etc. To sub-ordinate this system software as well as their applications, the Packet Authentication Code (PAC) and routing protocols are essentially required for interoperability and scalability. Hence, this study intends to propose a system based on PAC to preserve privacy, thereby handling the False Data Injection (FDI) attacks.
The study performs the authentication process where the nodes are authenticated even before the data transmission for efficient security. A privacy preservation model is also employed to deal with the FDI attacks. Data aggregation is also performed to reduce the end-to-end delay and communication overhead.
A hybrid Gentry, Sahai and Waters (GSW) and Ducas and Micciancio (DM) are proposed to handle the FDI attacks through a key generation process. In addition, a PAC is generated to improvise the security that includes various processes such as group formation of the node members, key generation, as well as distribution and unique sensor number generation to authenticate using PAC.
The performance of the proposed system is analyzed through a comparative analysis in terms of specific significant parameters to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. The analytical results reveal the efficiency of the proposed hybrid GSW–DM with PAC for privacy preservation than the existing systems.
