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Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer, with over 2.1 million cases diagnosed annually worldwide. It has a high incidence and mortality rate, leading to extensive research into various treatment options, including the use of nanomaterial-based carriers for drug delivery. With regard to cancer treatment, the distinct biological and physico-ch...
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Nanotechnology has made significant progress in various fields, including medicine, in recent times. The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery has sparked a lot of research interest, especially due to its potential to revolutionize the field. Researchers have been working on developing nanomaterials with distinctive characteristics that ca...
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... It can affect healthy cells as well as malignant cells, which is why side effects can occur depending on the type, duration, and concentration of the drug treatment (Hodroj et al. 2021). There is a growing interest in identifying diets, such as ketogenic diet or natural bioactive compounds that may be effective in preventing or treating cancer (Ashique et al. 2023;Golmohammadi et al. 2023;Liang et al. 2023;Urzì et al. 2023;Yang et al. 2023aYang et al. , 2023b. In this context, thymol is a natural compound extensively studied for its potential health benefits, including promising anticancer properties. ...
Cancer remains a global health challenge, prompting a search for effective treatments with fewer side effects. Thymol, a natural monoterpenoid phenol derived primarily from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and other plants in the Lamiaceae family, is known for its diverse biological activities. It emerges as a promising candidate in cancer prevention and therapy. This study aims to consolidate current research on thymol’s anticancer effects, elucidating its mechanisms and potential to enhance standard chemotherapy, and to identify gaps for future research. A comprehensive review was conducted using databases like PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies from the last 6 years. All cancer types were included, assessing thymol’s impact in both cell-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies. Thymol has been shown to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis), halt the cell division cycle (cell cycle arrest), and inhibit cancer spread (metastasis) through modulation of critical signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin. It also enhances the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer treatments. Thymol’s broad-spectrum anticancer activities and non-toxic profile to normal cells underscore its potential as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Further clinical trials are essential to fully understand its therapeutic benefits and integration into existing treatment protocols.
... Nanotechnology is now explored in theranostic applications for NSCLC in biomedical research. NPs for diagnostic purposes like in PET, MRI, and CT scans are formulated by tagging a fluorescent molecule [151]. Sun et al. fabricated a biosensor based on the chemiluminescence principle, along with gold NPs which were loaded on a graphene oxide surface, to target KRAS mutation of NSCLC. ...
... [200][201][202] Nanoparticles (size > 5 nm) can accumulate passively at the tumor site due to weakened barrier integrity, a condition referred to as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR). 203,204 Furthermore, nanoparticles conjugated with active targeting ligands dramatically increase the concertation of formulation in the targeting sites. 205 In recent years, functional nanoparticles have become a better choice for anti-tumor therapies. ...
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibers composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and decorated proteins produced by neutrophils. Recently, NETs have been associated with the development of many diseases, including tumors. Herein, we reviewed the correlation between NETs and tumors. In addition, we detailed active compounds from traditional herbal medicine formulations that inhibit NETs, related nanodrug delivery systems, and antibodies that serve as “guiding moieties” to ensure targeted delivery to NETs. Furthermore, we discussed the strategies used by pathogenic microorganisms to evade NETs.
... Firstly, this approach is highly selective, preferentially inducing death in cancer cells over normal cells [19] . Moreover, this approach may serve to surmount resistance to other therapy modalities, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, by triggering apoptosis via a distinct, synergistic pathway [59][60][61] . Importantly, it could prove especially effective for those cancers where there is a functional deficiency or reduced expression of MOAP-1, thereby lending itself to a more personalised treatment strategy. ...
The Modulator of Apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) protein, a crucial regulator of apoptosis, has recently attracted considerable interest in oncology research. Its potential as a therapeutic target in bladder, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) offers intriguing new therapeutic approaches. This comprehensive review consolidated work on MOAP-1's role in cancer biology, notably as a therapeutic target. A systematic review was conducted by searching digital databases for studies. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten articles were thoroughly assessed. Emerging evidence links MOAP-1 to bladder cancer chemosensitivity and MOAP-1-dependent chemosensitization of breast cancer mediated by phenylquinazoline derivatives. In addition, apoptosis in breast cancer cells was induced by α-mangostin, a potential therapeutic drug targeting MOAP-1 and BCL-XL interaction. Studies showed MOAP-1's importance in NSCLC, with its upregulation in the cancer cells as a potential treatment. This review also highlights the role of miR-25 as a cellular regulator of MOAP-1 and its implication for MOAP-1-mediated therapeutics. The intricate control of MOAP-1 in cancer highlights the need for more research to understand its function and regulation across cancer types completely. MOAP-1's tumor suppressor activity suggests it could be a therapeutic target, as evidenced by current research findings, which is likely to spur further research into MOAP-1-targeted cancer treatments. This systematic review fills a gap in the literature by bringing together a variety of study findings to promote a deeper understanding of MOAP-1 and its therapeutic potential.
... In the sector of bone drugs concentrated on systems, drugs conjugated with bone-concentrated ligands were first developed, followed by macromolecular societies and NPs have additionally been created. The unique biological and physicochemical properties of nanostructures are gaining significant ground in treating cancer as drug delivery systems (DDS) for administering pharmaceutical combinations or combining diagnostic and specific therapies [12]. Recent boundaries within the creation of bone-targeting structures and their approaches are discussed in this review. ...
... Aspartic acid, aptamers, bisphosphonates, and Tetracyclines, are only a few bone-concentrated ligands used for the transport of antitumor nucleic acid, peptide/protein medications, and diagnostic purposes of bones. Tetracycline, bisphosphonate, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and aptamers have all been used in several studies to create bone-Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDs) [12]. ...
Osteosarcoma could be a sort of threatening tumor that starts in a bone and spreads to adjoining bone cells. Among the different sorts of bone malignancies, osteosarcoma is the foremost common essential Bone cancer (BC). The common medical analysis procedure for fundamental deleterious bone tumors consists of radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and surgery. Due to the need for viable medications, later inquiries about has centered on different elective helpful modalities. The advancement of novel designated ways to deal with treating bone malignant growth and bone recovery is one of the new restorative ideal models made conceivable by nanotechnology-based anticancer treatment. The survey looks at current osteosarcoma treatments, their deficiencies; arising restorative methodologies considering nanocarriers worked with combinatorial carriage frameworks, and their possibilities in osteosarcoma treatment. To conquer the limitations of existing treatments, methodologies, for example, simultaneous conveyance of different medication cargoes to work on the pharmacokinetic drug discharge profile have been additionally tended to. Concerning the extraordinary highlights of cutting-edge nanoparticles (NPs), the survey endeavors to investigate NPs as signs of designated drug conveyance for BC.
Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary inducer of cancer‐related death worldwide. Asiaticoside (ATS) is a triterpenoid saponin that has been indicated to possess an antitumor activity in several malignancies. Nonetheless, its detailed functions in NSCLC remain unclarified. In this study, NSCLC cells were exposed to various doses of ATS. Functional experiments were employed to estimate the ATS effect on NSCLC cell behaviors. Western blotting was implemented for protein expression evaluation. A xenograft mouse model was established to assess the ATS effect on NSCLC in vivo. The results showed that ATS restrained NSCLC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasiveness. ATS reversed TGF‐β‐induced promotion in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, ATS inhibited Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in NSCLC. Upregulating β‐catenin restored ATS‐mediated suppression of NSCLC cell aggressiveness. Moreover, ATS administration repressed tumorigenesis in tumor‐bearing mice. In conclusion, ATS represses growth and metastasis in NSCLC by blocking EMT via the inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
Tumor metastasis is a complex process that is controlled at the molecular level by numerous cytokines. Primary breast and prostate tumors most commonly metastasize to bone, and the development of increasingly accurate targeted nanocarrier systems has become a research focus for more effective anti-bone metastasis therapy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis and the principles and methods for designing bone-targeted nanocarriers and then provides an in-depth review of bone-targeted nanocarriers for the treatment of bone metastasis in the context of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, and combination therapy. Furthermore, this review also discusses the treatment of metastatic and primary bone tumors, providing directions for the design of nanodelivery systems and future research.
Drug delivery in human subjects has been the most difficult task since the ancient time of the medical sector. An ideal drug delivery system is, one that minimizes the adverse effects and maximizes the desired effects of the drug candidate. Various drug delivery systems have been developed that may have some kind of advantages and disadvantages, among them targeted drug delivery system is more preferable and convenient which may employ various nanoparticles or other materials for the drug delivery at the specified site of action. In this, the authors elaborately and comprehensively explained the role of recent carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in targeted drug delivery systems (specifically for targeting cancerous cells). The authors also described the methods of preparation of CNTs, characterization techniques for CNTs, cellular penetration of, CNTs, and the associated toxicities with CNTs. Carbon nanotubes are preferable to other nanoparticles because they are more electrically, mechanically, and organically stable than others, they can carry more amount of drug in comparison to other nanoparticles and their functionalization property makes them more attractive as a carrier molecule for targeting any root cause of the disease.
