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![Loricaria pumila . a. paratype, ANSP 178689 (81.0 mm SL), rio Tocantins (Amazonas dr.), 11.3 km downsteam of Curucambaba, 24.8 km upstream from Naiuata, Pará, Brazil; b. holotype, INPA 28852 [ex. ANSP 178685] (74.6 mm SL), rio Pará (Amazonas dr.), 15.5 km downstream of Curralinho, 9.4 km upstream from Paquetá, Pará, Brazil.](profile/Lucia-Rapp/publication/228480404/figure/fig5/AS:301854987702278@1448979245638/Loricaria-pumila-a-paratype-ANSP-178689-810-mm-SL-rio-Tocantins-Amazonas-dr.png)
Loricaria pumila . a. paratype, ANSP 178689 (81.0 mm SL), rio Tocantins (Amazonas dr.), 11.3 km downsteam of Curucambaba, 24.8 km upstream from Naiuata, Pará, Brazil; b. holotype, INPA 28852 [ex. ANSP 178685] (74.6 mm SL), rio Pará (Amazonas dr.), 15.5 km downstream of Curralinho, 9.4 km upstream from Paquetá, Pará, Brazil.
Source publication
Three new species of Loricaria are described from large white- and black-water river channels of the Amazon basin of Brazil, the upper rio Negro drainage of southern Venezuela, and clear waters of the lower rio Tocantins. Loricaria spinulifera and L. pumila differ from other species of Loricaria by having unique patterns of abdominal plate developm...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... A single specimen (ANSP 178689) collected from the lower rio Tocantins (Fig. 7a) has a larger eye and maximum orbital diameter (20.4% HL) than remaining specimens (n = 10, maximum orbital diameter 15.4-17.7% HL) from the lower Ama- zon. This same specimen also has a slightly developed iris operculum (absent in Amazon specimens) and conspicuous pigment pattern consisting of brown blotches on the head and fins with ...
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Citations
... It represents a large adaptative radiation that is composed by 31 genera and about 255 species (Covain et al. 2016;Fricke et al. 2021). They inhabit a large variety of environments ponds and lakes, shallow rheolytic basins of high current and very large rivers, from flood plains and deep channels (Covain and Fisch-Muller 2007;Thomas and Py-Daniel 2008;Lujan and Chamon 2008). In spite of such high diversification and wide geographical and ecological distributions, there is no single fossil record of loricariine fish that may help to understand the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the clade. ...
... The nomenclature follows Londoño-Burbano and Reis (2016), Paixão and Toledo-Piza (2009), Thomas and Py-Daniel (2008), Ghazzi (2005), and Isbrücker and Nijssen (1979). Terminology of dermal plates follows Schaefer (1997). ...
Armored catfshes of the subfamily Loricariinae include more than 250 species and 31 genera distributed along South America from Costa Rica to Buenos Aires province in central Argentina. In spite of that, the entire clade lacks a single paleontological record. In this work, a new species of Loricariinae belonging to the genus Sturisomatichthys from late Miocene Ituzaingó beds at Paraná locality, Entre Ríos province, Argentina, is escribed. The holotype and only known specimen consists on a partially preserved body, with features that allow the recognition of a new species. The new taxon fts previous hypotheses, indicating that the Miocene fsh faunas from paleo-Paraná basin were close to those of northern South America.
... Loricaria Linnaeus currently includes 18 small-to medium-sized species commonly known as whiptail catfishes distributed in the Amazon, Paraná, Paraguay, Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers basins of the Brazilian and Guiana Shields (Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008;Fricke et al. 2020b). It differs from other Loricariinae genera by the presence of filiform papillae on the lower lip and having a lower number of bicuspid premaxillary teeth, which are twice the size of dentary teeth (Isbrücker 1981). ...
... In recent years, descriptions of new species of Loricaria suggest the genus is more diverse than previously thought (e.g. Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2005;Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008;Thomas & Sabaj Pérez 2010;Rodriguez et al. 2012;Londoño-Burbano et al. 2020). In part, this may be due to poor knowledge of the ichthyofauna of some areas of the Eastern Amazon region, including the Maranhão Hydrological Unit (MHU), which was defined as a possible area of endemism for freshwater fishes (Hubert & Renno 2006). ...
... Measurements were made as point-to-point linear distances to the nearest 0.1 mm, following Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel (2008) and the inclusion of snout-operculum distance (SGD): the lateral distance between the tip of snout and the gill opening. Standard length (SL) is expressed in millimeters while all other measurements are given as percent of SL or head length (HL). ...
A new species of Loricaria is herein described from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Maranhão state, Brazil, within the Maranhão Hydrological Unit (MHU). Loricaria turi differs from its congeners mainly by the following combination of characters: abdominal plate development confined to the posterior median region, pectoral girdle mostly naked, with cluster of plates near pectoral fin bases; large eyes (minimum orbital diameter 16.2-20.7% of HL and maximum orbital diameter 19.8-24.0% of HL), 214.4 mm of maximum standard length, and large basicaudal plate (16.6-29.2% of HL). The description of this new species strengthens the hypothesis that the Maranhão Hydrological Unit (MHU) is a possible area of endemism for freshwater fishes and contributes to the knowledge of the freshwater fish diversity and composition of the region.
... The genus belongs to the Loricariinae, and includes 16 valid species (Fricke et al., 2020) distributed in the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraguay, Paraná, and small coastal drainages of Guiana and Brazil (Thomas et al., 2013). Species of Loricaria live in lentic and lotic aquatic ecosystems (Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007; Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008). Some species are known to be abdomino-lip brooders, a form of parental care that involves one or both parents carrying a single-layer raft of eggs attached to the surface of the lower lip and abdomen (Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007;Schmidt, 2001). ...
... When a structure was found to be damaged on the left side, the right side of the structure was analysed. Plate series nomenclature followed Thomas and Rapp Py-Daniel (2008), Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010) and Londoño-Burbano and Reis (2016). Posterior lateral plates were examined here as the median series beginning with the first plate on which the dorsal and ventral odontode keels meet, and continue parallel to each other to the end of the caudal peduncle. ...
Loricaria cuffyi n. sp. is described based on 36 specimens from the Essequibo and upper Negro River drainages in western Guyana and the upper Orinoco River drainage in Venezuela. The new species can be distinguished from sympatric and geographically proximate congeners by a postorbital notch that is inconspicuous, shallow and rounded, odontode ridges on the dorsum of head and predorsal weakly developed, abdominal plates tightly joined and completely covering the median abdominal space and pectoral girdle, higher anterior lateral plate counts, and coloration characteristics. The distribution of the new species adds to an interesting and well‐documented biogeographical pattern exhibited by other Guiana Shield loricariids influenced by the proto‐Berbice during the Cenozoic and recent configuration of drainages in the Guiana Shield. We present an update on the taxonomy of Loricaria, and discuss the biogeography and conservation status of the new species.
... , Reis et al. (2005), Sabaj (2005), Sousa and Rapp Py-Daniel (2005), Vari et al. (2005), Zanata and Lima (2005), Armbruster and Page (2006), Bührnheim and Malabarba (2006), Ferreira and Lima (2006), Kullander and Ferreira (2006), Mautari and Menezes (2006), Mattox et al. (2006), Menezes (2006), de Santana andNogueira (2006), Zarske and Géry (2006), Parisi et al. (2006), Lundberg and Cox-Fernandes (2007), Bührnheim and Malabarba (2007), Buitrago-Suárez and Burr (2007), Ferraris-Jr (2007), Lucena (2007), Rodriguez and Reis (2007), Staeck and Schindler (2007), Zarske and Géry (2007), Armbruster (2008), Birindelli et al. (2008), Orti et al. (2008), Sabaj and Birindelli (2008), , Sidlauskas and Vari (2008), Rapp Py-Daniel and Fichberg (2008), Rocha et al. (2008aRocha et al. ( , 2008b, Thomas and Rapp Py-Daniel (2008), Birindelli and Britski (2009) ...
This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Rio Negro drainage system within the Brazilian territory. The data was gathered from two main sources: 1) litterature compilations of species occurrence records, including original descriptions and revisionary studies; and 2) specimens verification at the INPA fish collection. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 1,165 species distributed in 17 orders (+ two incertae sedis), 56 families, and 389 genera. A large portion of the fish fauna (54.3% of the species) is composed of small-sized fishes < 10 cm in standard length. The main groups are Characiformes (454 species; 39.0%), Siluriformes (416; 35.7%), Gymnotiformes (105; 9.0%), and Cichliformes (102; 8.8%). The species composition differs between the main aquatic environments, such as: main channel (159 species), lakes (296), tributary rivers (596), small streams (234), seasonal beaches (186), and rapids (41). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with adjacent basins, such as the Orinoco, rivers of the Guiana Shield, lower Solimões/Amazonas and upper Amazonas, which contributes to the remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity of the basin. A high rate of species endemism was observed in Characidae (24), Loricariidae (18), Cichlidae (18) and Callichthyidae (18), totalling 156 species (13.4%) endemic to the basin. An estimation of the species richness for the Rio Negro basin, considering 23 published references, resulted in 1,466 and 1,759 species (Jackknife 1 and 2, respectively), which seems reasonable when considering the large number of morphotypes left out of the present list and the low sampling effort in many areas of the basin. The results presented herein provide an additional tool for environmental managers and decision makers for conservation purposes of one of the richest and most well-preserved sub-basins of the Rio Amazonas system.
... obs.) that also exhibits elongate dorsal-and pectoral-fin ray filaments. Reduced eyes and pale coloration are also found in apteronotid knifefishes (Hilton et al., 2007;Ivanyisky and Albert, 2014) and loricariid catfishes such as Loricaria pumila, the smallest species of that genus (Thomas and Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008). In sum, a variety of morphological adaptations place X. sofiae at the end of an adaptive continuum for stygian habitats. ...
Xyliphius sofiae, new species, is described based on a unique specimen exhibiting four autapomorphies: eyes absent vs. present (though reduced); color pale, lacking pigment vs. head and body darkly pigmented; branchiostegal rays five vs. four; and unculiferous tubercles on posterior body distributed evenly vs. enlarged unculiferous tubercles typically arranged in five distinct rows above pelvic-fin base to posterior end of caudal peduncle. In addition, the pectoral fin of X. sofiae, new species, has one ossified proximal radial vs. two in congeners (except X. magdalenae, not examined). Xyliphius sofiae, new species, differs from all congeners except X. lepturus by snout tip elongated and narrowly rounded vs. short and broadly rounded, often with small median notch; fifth ceratobranchial relatively narrow with elongate acicular teeth vs. broadly expanded, leaf-shaped, with shorter and broader, conical teeth; anterior limits of branchial apertures separated by distance less than length of aperture vs. greater than length of aperture; anal-fin rays modally nine vs. seven; and lateral line extending onto base of caudal-fin rays vs. finishing in hypural region. Based on the single specimen collected in the main channel of the Río Amazonas near Iquitos, Peru, we describe the osteology of X. sofiae, new species, using a non-invasive technique: high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT). We consider Xyliphius lombarderoi Risso and Risso, 1964, a species based on a unique holotype that is now lost, to be a subjective junior synonym of X. barbatus Alonso de Arámburu and Arámburu, 1962. Variable characteristics are summarized for the seven species of Xyliphius treated here as valid, and their distributions are plotted based on a comprehensive review of museum specimens. © 2017 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
... A total of 142 specimens of Dasyloricaria were analyzed. Measurements and counts follow Reis & Pereira (2000) and Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel (2008), with the addition of the caudal-peduncle width which is measured at anal-fin base level, and the nares length which is measured from the anterior to posterior margins of the narial aperture. Measurements were taken point to point with digital calipers (0.1 mm precision). ...
Una revisión taxonómica y análisis filogenético fueron realizados para Dasyloricaria . El género incluye tres especies válidas: D . filamentosa y D . latiura previamente incluidas en el género, y una especie nueva descrita en este estudio. Dasyloricaria presenta una distribución estrictamente Transandina, con D . filamentosa ocurriendo en las porciones baja y media del rio Magdalena, bajo Cauca, y en el rio Sinú en Colombia, y en el lago Maracaibo en Colombia y Venezuela; D . latiura en la cuenca de los ríos Atrato y Tuyra en Colombia y Panamá, respectivamente; y la especie nueva en las porciones alta y media del rio Magdalena en Colombia. Nuevas sinonimias para D . filamentosa y D . latiura son propuestas, y el lectotipo es designado para esta última. Dasyloricaria es aquí reconocido como monofilético, con D . filamentosa como el grupo hermano de D . latiura , y la especie nueva como el grupo hermano de ese clado. Spatuloricaria es propuesto como el grupo hermano de Dasyloricaria , este clado está soportado por sinapomorfías del neurocráneo, arcos branquiales y características de morfología externa. La sub-tribu Rineloricariina fue parcialmente corroborada a partir del análisis filogenético. Una clave de identificación para las especies de Dasyloricaria es presentada.
... Measurements were made on the left side of the body when possible. Morphometric data are given as percentages of standard length (SL) or head length (HL) and mostly follow Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel (2008), with addition of the following measurements: distance from the anteriormost tip of the snout to the posteriormost margin of the naris (snout-naris distance); snout width at upper lip; snout width at anterior margin of nares; distance between nares at their posteriormost margin (internasal distance); maximum length of the premaxilla (premaxillary length); maximum length of the dentary (dentary length); rictal barbel length; distance from anteriormost to posteriormost margin of the lower lip (lower-lip length); distance from anterior border of orbit to posteriormost tip of opercle (post-orbit head length); maximum length of opercle (opercular length); ventral body width at insertion of pectoral spine (cleithral width); body width at pelvic-fin insertion (pelvic girdle width); body width at caudal-fin origin (posteriormost caudal-peduncle width); distance from pelvic-fin insertion to urogenital pore (pelvic-urogenital distance); distance from anal-fin origin to urogenital pore (anal-urogenital distance). Plate series nomenclature follows Paixão & Toledo-Piza (2009). ...
Limatulichthys nasarcus n. sp. is described as a new species based on 15 specimens from the Ventuari and Caura Rivers in Southern Venezuela. The new species can be distinguished from its only congener, L. griseus, by the presence of anterior abdominal plates half the size of those at center of abdomen (vs. plates similar in size); distinct spots less than half of diameter of naris across entire dorsum, including snout and head (vs. indistinct dorsal spots larger or equal than diameter of naris); lateral portions of head and opercle with dark well-defined spots larger than those on dorsum (vs. spots on lateral portions of head and opercle equal in size to those on remainder of body); snout profile in dorsal view broadly rounded (vs. acutely triangular); head longer (21.4-24.2 SL vs. 17.7-21.0%); and anal fin longer (15.7-18.0 SL vs. 13.7-15.6%). Distinctiveness of the two species is further supported by their non-overlapping distribution in multivariate morphospace. The disjunct distribution of L. nasarcus across both the Caura and Ventuari rivers exclusive of the main Orinoco River channel contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the historical connection between headwaters of these drainages. The hypothesized existence of a 'proto-Berbice' paleodrainage provides one explanation for such a connection.
... The genus Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758, contains 15 valid species (Thomas and Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008;Thomas and Pérez, 2010), and cytogenetic studies have been conducted in eight species of this genus, revealing variation in the chromosome number in this fish group, ranging from 2n = 52 in Loricaria sp (Oliveira et al., 1998) to 2n = 64 in Loricaria cataphracta (cited as Loricaria carinata, Roncati et al., 1999) and Loricaria sp (Scavoni and Júlio-Jr., 1994). Moreover, supernumerary chromosomes were also detected in both Loricaria sp and L. prolixa, which are considered to be the first reports of these chromosomes in the subfamily Loricariinae (Scavone and Júlio-Jr., 1994). ...
Abstract Rineloricaria is the most species-rich genus of the Loricariinae (armored catfish) with 65 valid species. However, the karyotype structure is known only for eight species in this group. This study provides cytogenetic data for Rineloricaria lanceolata collected from the upper Paraguay basin (Mato Grosso do Sul). The specimens revealed extensive chromosomal polymorphism constituting 10 karyotypes, which differed in the diploid number (48 to 45 chromosomes) and fundamental number (FN) between 52 and 55. Three types of chromosome variants were observed: a medium-sized submetacentric, a large submetacentric, and a small acrocentric form. Internal telomere sequences were demonstrated by a telomeric (TTAGGG)n probe in submetacentric chromosome variants, suggesting Robertsonian and tandem fusions. Considering the karyotype 2n=48 (4m+2st+42a, FN=54) as the starting point for this polymorphism, these rearrangements contributed to the reduction in diploid number (48-45). Furthermore, a remarkable polymorphism of 18S rDNA resulted in three nucleolus organizer region phenotypes (I, II, and III) with variable frequencies. Interestingly, this polymorphism has remained in the population through interbreeding between specimens, resulting in different viable combinations. The data obtained confirm that diversification/karyotype evolution in Rineloricaria was marked by numerous chromosomal rearrangements which appear to be well tolerated in the panmitic population.
... The genus Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758, contains 15 valid species (Thomas and Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008;Thomas and Pérez, 2010), and cytogenetic studies have been conducted in eight species of this genus, revealing variation in the chromosome number in this fish group, ranging from 2n = 52 in Loricaria sp (Oliveira et al., 1998) to 2n = 64 in Loricaria cataphracta (cited as Loricaria carinata, Roncati et al., 1999) and Loricaria sp (Scavoni and Júlio-Jr., 1994). Moreover, supernumerary chromosomes were also detected in both Loricaria sp and L. prolixa, which are considered to be the first reports of these chromosomes in the subfamily Loricariinae (Scavone and Júlio-Jr., 1994). ...
A cytogenetic analysis of Loricaria cataphracta revealed a diploid number of 2n = 64 chromosomes, distributed as 12 metacentric + 8 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric + 42 acrocentric, with a fundamental number of 86. Analysis of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) using silver nitrate impregnation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (18S rDNA probe) techniques showed intra-population chromosomal polymorphism that could be classified into five different patterns (I to V), involving four pairs of chromosomes (8, 9, 12, and 13). In pattern I, the NOR was located in pair 12, whereas in pattern II, the NOR was detected in pair 8; these two patterns were characterized as a simple-NOR system. A multiple NOR system was evident in the other patterns (III, IV, and V). In pattern III, the NOR was located in only one of the homologs of pairs 12 and 8, and in patterns IV and V, the NOR was observed in pair 12 and in only one of the homologs of pairs 9 and 13, respectively. In addition, C-band analysis also showed this pattern of variation, and characterized a polymorphism in relation to the constitutive heterochromatin; the composition of this region was GC-rich (positive CMA3) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole negative. Transposition of NOR sites for mobile elements is suggested to explain this polymorphism.
... The South American genus Loricaria Linnaeus 1758 is a group of armored catfishes distributed in the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraguay, Paraná, and smaller coastal rivers draining the Guiana and Brazilian Shields. The species of Loricaria generally occur over sandy or muddy substrates in a variety of water bodies ranging from insular streams to large lowland rivers, floodplain lakes, and coastal areas (Taylor 1983;Le Bail et al. 2000; Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008). ...
... Recent work indicates that Loricaria is more diverse than previously considered (Isbrücker 1981(Isbrücker , 2001) with six additional species described during the past decade (Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2003;Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008;Thomas & Sabaj Pérez 2010;Rodriguez et al. 2012). Upon examination of loricariine catfish specimens in collections from the rio Paraguay basin, we have identified a new species formally described herein. ...
... Although the size, spacing, and coverage of those plates on the abdominal surface can vary both within and among species, certain patterns of plate development are consistent and geographically concordant. Species of Loricaria lacking plates across the pectoral girdle are restricted to drainages south of the Amazon basin, except for L. lundbergi Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008 and L. pumila Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008, both of which occur in the lower Amazon basin. Loricaria luciae becomes the third described species in this group along with L. coximensis and L. holmbergi in the Paraguay basin. ...
Loricaria luciae, new species, is described from the the rio Paraguay basin of Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay, south to its confluence with the rio Paraná in Argentina. It is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characteristics: pectoral girdle entirely naked or with small isolated plates near base of pectoral fin, post-ural plate at base of caudal fin large (plate length 17.0-20.3% HL), and total lateral plates 32-33 (modally 32). The new species occurs in a variety of habitats ranging from small, seasonally intermittent streams with clear water to large, turbid rivers over sand and mud substrates. It is sympatric with at least three other species of Loricaria in the Paraguay and lower Paraná drainages, including L. apeltogaster Boulenger 1895, L. coximensis Rodriguez et al. 2012, and L. simillima Regan 1904.
